Deck 16: The Digestive System

Question 1

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label A represents which structure(s)?

A) myenteric plexus
B) mesenteric artery and vein
C) lymphatic vessel
D) submucosal plexus
E) mucosal gland

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and anus are lined by

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) cuboidal epithelium.
C) stratified squamous epithelium.
D) simple epithelium.
E) simple columnar epithelium.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label B represents which structure(s)?

A) circular folds
B) submucosa
C) muscularis externa
D) serosa
E) mucosa

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The lamina propria is a component of the

A) serosa.
B) muscularis.
C) submucosa.
D) mucosa.
E) adventitia.

Question 5

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label H represents which structure(s)?

A) mucosal glands
B) muscularis mucosa
C) submucosal glands
D) mucous epithelium
E) lamina propria

Question 6

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label C represents which structure?

A) circular fold
B) submucosa
C) muscularis externa
D) serosa
E) mucosa

Question 7

The oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and rectum have an adventitia in place of the

A) mucosa.
B) lamina propria.
C) serosa.
D) muscularis externa.
E) submucosa.

Question 8

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label D represents which structure?

A) circular fold
B) submucosa
C) muscularis externa
D) serosa
E) mucosa

Question 9

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A) stomach
B) liver
C) spleen
D) colon
E) esophagus

Question 10

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label F represents which structure?

A) circular fold
B) submucosa
C) muscularis externa
D) serosa
E) mucosa

Question 11

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label G represents which structure?

A) circular fold
B) submucosa
C) muscularis externa
D) serosa
E) mucosa

Question 12

Contraction of the ________ layers of the intestinal wall functions to both agitate materials and propel them along the digestive tract.

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) serosa
D) muscularis externa
E) adventitia

Question 13

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label E represents which structure?

A) circular fold
B) submucosa
C) muscularis externa
D) serosa
E) mucosa

Question 14

Ingestion refers to the

A) progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.
B) input of food into the digestive tract through the mouth.
C) chemical breakdown of food.
D) absorption of nutrients in the gut.
E) mixing of nutrients with digestive enzymes.

Question 15

The release of water, acids, enzymes, and buffers by the digestive epithelium is called

A) digestion.
B) secretion.
C) excretion.
D) absorption.
E) ingestion.

Question 16

The layer of the digestive tract that underlies the mucosal epithelium and consists of areolar connective tissue is the

A) lamina propria.
B) submucosa.
C) muscularis.
D) serosa.
E) adventitia.

Question 17

The movement of small organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract is called

A) secretion.
B) ingestion.
C) digestion.
D) absorption.
E) excretion.

Question 18

Which layer of the digestive tract consists of dense irregular connective tissue?

A) submucosa
B) muscularis externa
C) lamina propria
D) muscularis mucosae
E) mucosa

Question 19

The muscularis externa layer contains nerves referred to as the

A) muscularis nerves.
B) submucosal plexus.
C) enteric nerves.
D) myenteric plexus.
E) circular plexus.

Question 20

Which of the following consists of double sheets of serous membrane and provides a pathway for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels?

A) lamina propria
B) serosa
C) adventitia
D) submucosa
E) mesenteries

Question 21

Chewing is called

A) segmentation.
B) pendulum movements.
C) peristalsis.
D) ingestion.
E) mastication.

Question 22

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label N represents which structure?

A) muscularis mucosa
B) circular muscle layer
C) longitudinal muscle layer
D) submucosal gland
E) mucosal gland

Question 23

Which of the following produces secretions with mostly buffers and mucus, but few enzymes?

A) parotid and submandibular salivary glands
B) parotid salivary glands only
C) sublingual and parotid salivary glands
D) submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
E) pancreas and parotid salivary glands

Question 24

Salivary amylase functions to digest

A) proteins.
B) lipids.
C) cellulose.
D) nucleic acids.
E) carbohydrates.

Question 25

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label O represents which structure(s)?

A) myenteric plexus
B) artery and vein
C) lymphatic vessel
D) submucosal plexus
E) mucosal glands

Question 26

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label S represents which structure(s)?

A) myenteric plexus
B) artery and vein
C) lymphatic vessel
D) submucosal plexus
E) mucosal glands

Question 27

The salivary glands that produce secretions rich in salivary amylase are the

A) sublingual glands.
B) submandibular glands.
C) lingual glands.
D) parotid glands.
E) submaxillary glands.

Question 28

The ________ are conical teeth used for tearing or slashing.

A) incisors
B) cuspids
C) bicuspids
D) molars
E) premolars

Question 29

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label I represents which structure(s)?

A) mucosal glands
B) muscularis mucosa
C) villi
D) mucous epithelium
E) lamina propria

Question 30

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label J represents which structure(s)?

A) mucosal glands
B) mucosa
C) villi
D) mucous epithelium
E) lamina propria

Question 31

Which of the following covers the dentin, providing protection and firmly anchoring the periodontal ligament?

A) root
B) enamel
C) cementum
D) gingiva
E) blood vessels and nerves

Question 32

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label M represents which structure?

A) muscularis mucosa
B) circular muscle layer
C) longitudinal muscle layer
D) submucosal gland
E) mucosal gland

Question 33

Which type of teeth is used for clipping and cutting?

A) cuspids
B) bicuspids
C) canines
D) molars
E) incisors

Question 34

Which of the following lies under the skin covering the lateral and posterior surfaces of the mandible?

A) sublingual salivary gland
B) parotid salivary glands
C) exocrine pancreas
D) frenulum
E) submandibular salivary glands

Question 35

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label P represents which structure(s)?

A) myenteric plexus
B) artery and vein
C) lymphatic vessel
D) submucosal plexus
E) mucosal glands

Question 36

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label R represents which structure?

A) muscularis mucosa
B) circular muscle layer
C) longitudinal muscle layer
D) submucosal gland
E) mucosal gland

Question 37

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label T represents which structure?

A) muscularis mucosa
B) circular muscle layer
C) longitudinal muscle layer
D) submucosal gland
E) mucosal gland

Question 38

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label Q represents which structure(s)?

A) myenteric plexus
B) artery and vein
C) lymphatic vessel
D) submucosal plexus
E) mucosal glands

Question 39

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label K represents which structure(s)?

A) mucosal glands
B) muscularis mucosa
C) villi
D) submucosal glands
E) lamina propria

Question 40

Figure 16-1 Structural Components of the Digestive Tract
Use Figure 16-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label L represents which structure(s)?

A) mucosal glands
B) mucosa
C) villi
D) mucous epithelium
E) lamina propria

Question 41

Dental plaque

A) anchors teeth to their bony sockets.
B) protects teeth from bacteria-induced tooth decay.
C) is calcified organic matter on the surface of teeth.
D) consists of food particles trapped in a sticky matrix.
E) forms a bone-like protective layer.

Question 42

The largest area of the stomach is called the

A) fundus.
B) pylorus.
C) cardia.
D) body.
E) sphincter.

Question 43

The root of a tooth is anchored by the

A) pulp.
B) periodontal ligament.
C) the root canal.
D) enamel.
E) dentin.

Question 44

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the

A) vestibule.
B) hard and soft palate.
C) palatal arches.
D) upper labium.
E) pharynx.

Question 45

Secondary dentition results in a permanent tooth count of

A) 32.
B) 24.
C) 21.
D) 40.
E) 38.

Question 46

The bulk of a tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

A) enamel.
B) cementum.
C) dentin.
D) pulp.
E) periodontium.

Question 47

The digestion of carbohydrates and lipids begins in the

A) oral cavity.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) small intestine.
E) large intestine.

Question 48

The ________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for grinding, crushing, and mashing.

A) molars
B) cuspids
C) eyeteeth
D) canines
E) incisors

Question 49

The ________ duct empties into the vestibule at the level of the second upper molar.

A) submaxillary
B) submandibular
C) parotid
D) sublingual
E) vestibular

Question 50

The pH of saliva is

A) highly basic.
B) slightly basic.
C) neutral.
D) slightly acidic.
E) very acidic.

Question 51

Ducts from which of the following open into the mouth behind the teeth on either side of the lingual frenulum?

A) sublingual salivary glands
B) pancreas
C) submandibular salivary glands
D) parotid salivary glands
E) lingual salivary glands

Question 52

The first place in which mechanical processing of food takes place is the

A) oral cavity.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) large intestine.
E) small intestine.

Question 53

Which of the following contains a crystalline form of calcium phosphate and is the hardest biologically manufactured substance?

A) enamel
B) cementum
C) dentin
D) pulp
E) periodontium

Question 54

Which of the following statements regarding the muscularis externa of the esophagus is true?

A) The upper third portion of the esophagus consists of smooth muscle, the middle third portion is a mixture of smooth and skeletal muscles, and the lower third consists of skeletal muscle.
B) The entire muscularis of the esophagus consists of skeletal muscle only.
C) The entire muscularis of the esophagus consists of smooth muscle only.
D) The upper third portion of the esophagus consists of smooth muscle, and the remaining portion is a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscles.
E) The upper third portion of the esophagus consists of skeletal muscle, the middle third portion is a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscles, and the lower third consists of smooth muscle.

Question 55

The esophagus passes through a hole in the diaphragm called the

A) esophageal hiatus.
B) cardia.
C) pylorus.
D) upper esophageal sphincter.
E) lower esophageal sphincter.

Question 56

Functions of the tongue include

A) sensory analysis of food.
B) production of salivary antibodies such as IgA.
C) production of salivary amylase.
D) absorption of nutrients.
E) secretion of buffers and mucus.

Question 57

The first set of teeth to appear are the ________ teeth.

A) permanent
B) succession
C) secondary
D) impacted
E) deciduous

Question 58

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) epiglottis.
D) vestibule.
E) cheek.

Question 59

Which phase of swallowing begins with compression of the bolus against the hard palate?

A) esophageal
B) gastric
C) buccal
D) pharyngeal
E) duodenal

Question 60

Which is the second phase of the swallowing process, beginning when the bolus comes into contact with the palatal arches?

A) pharyngeal phase
B) buccal phase
C) duodenal phase
D) esophageal phase
E) gastric phase

Question 61

Which statement regarding the regulatory controls of the intestinal phase of gastric secretion is true?

A) Neural controls are excitatory, but endocrine controls are inhibitory.
B) Endocrine controls are excitatory, but neural controls are inhibitory.
C) There are no regulatory controls during the intestinal phase.
D) Most neural and endocrine controls are excitatory.
E) Most neural and endocrine controls are inhibitory.

Question 62

The esophagus connects to the smallest part of the stomach, known as the

A) body.
B) antrum.
C) pylorus.
D) cardia.
E) fundus.

Question 63

The intestinal lining bears a series of transverse folds called

A) rugae.
B) mucous glands.
C) villi.
D) circular folds.
E) microvilli.

Question 64

Hydrochloric acid keeps the stomach contents at a pH of

A) 6.5-8.0.
B) 1.5-2.0.
C) 4.5-6.0.
D) 7.0.
E) 3.5-5.0.

Question 65

Which gastric enzyme functions to coagulate milk, thus slowing its passage through the stomach?

A) intrinsic factor
B) pepsinogen
C) rennin
D) gastric lipase
E) hydrochloric acid

Question 66

The region of the stomach superior to the cardia is the

A) rugae.
B) pylorus.
C) fundus.
D) antrum.
E) body.

Question 67

The gastric phase of gastric secretion begins with

A) the sight, thought, or smell of food.
B) the arrival of food in the stomach.
C) the entry of chyme into the small intestine.
D) the entry of chyme into the large intestine.
E) the release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.

Question 68

Chief cells secrete

A) pepsinogen.
B) gastric amylase.
C) cholecystokinin.
D) hydrochloric acid.
E) intrinsic factor.

Question 69

Gastrin causes

A) inhibition of HCl secretion.
B) increases in the secretion of chief cells and parietal cells.
C) the conversion of pepsin into pepsinogen.
D) the upper esophageal sphincter to open.
E) the pyloric sphincter to alternately open and close.

Question 70

In the duodenum, submucosal glands secrete which of the following?

A) brush border enzymes
B) an alkaline mucus
C) pepsin
D) secretin
E) cholecystokinin

Question 71

Besides proteins, which of the following is (are) a potent stimulator(s) of gastrin?

A) caffeine and small doses of alcohol
B) parasympathetic innervation
C) the sight and smell of food
D) chyme entering the duodenum
E) chyme entering the esophagus

Question 72

Intrinsic factor aids the absorption of ________ across the intestinal lining.

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin K
E) vitamin B₅

Question 73

Which major layer of the stomach contains an extra layer that adds strength and assists in the formation of chyme?

A) serosa
B) mucosa
C) adventitia
D) submucosa
E) muscularis externa

Question 74

Which of the following digestive enzymes is produced by the stomachs of newborns, but not adults?

A) trypsin
B) CCK
C) intrinsic factor
D) gastric lipase
E) pepsin

Question 75

During the gastric phase of gastric secretion, which of the following stimulates stomach contractions?

A) secretin
B) HCl
C) pepsinogen
D) gastrin
E) trypsin

Question 76

Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor and

A) pepsinogen.
B) gastric lipase.
C) pancreatic amylase.
D) hydrochloric acid.
E) cholecystokinin.

Question 77

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

A) the stomach responds to distention and a decrease in pH.
B) the release of secretin inhibits parietal and chief cell action.
C) the parasympathetic division of the ANS is active.
D) the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying.
E) local reflexes in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses activate.

Question 78

Rugae are

A) mucosal ridges in the stomach.
B) involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach.
C) pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells.
D) located in the esophagus.
E) present when the stomach is at maximum distention.

Question 79

In the fundus and body of the stomach, gastric glands extend deep into the

A) adventitia.
B) lamina propria.
C) serosa.
D) muscularis externa.
E) submucosa.

Question 80

The lesser omentum is

A) a major portion of the stomach.
B) attached to the stomach at the greater curvature.
C) important in the digestion of fats.
D) a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.
E) a mesentery that extends from the stomach to the liver.