Deck 12: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Question 1

The interventricular septum receives blood from the

A) marginal artery.
B) right coronary artery.
C) coronary sinus.
D) left coronary artery.
E) circumflex artery.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

________ permit the exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

A) Veins
B) Arteries
C) Arterial trunks
D) Capillaries
E) Vena cavae

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The wall between the atria is called the

A) ventricle.
B) coronary sinus.
C) coronary sulcus.
D) auricle.
E) interatrial septum.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The ________ circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs.

A) pulmonary
B) coronary
C) systemic
D) systolic
E) diastolic

Question 5

The skeleton of the heart consists of

A) a reticular connective tissue within the myocardium.
B) a bone in the interatrial septum.
C) a bone in the interventricular septum.
D) dense bands of tough, elastic connective tissue.
E) fibrous connective tissue in the auricle of the atrium.

Question 6

Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the

A) coronary sinus.
B) pulmonary veins.
C) venae cavae.
D) aorta.
E) pulmonary arteries.

Question 7

Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the ________ valve.

A) aortic
B) tricuspid
C) pulmonary
D) bicuspid
E) papillary

Question 8

The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the

A) atria.
B) aorta.
C) ventricles.
D) pulmonary trunk.
E) venae cavae.

Question 9

The heart is surrounded by the

A) pleural cavity.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) cardiac skeleton.
D) pericardial cavity.
E) coronary sinus.

Question 10

Each cardiac muscle cell is bound to its neighboring cells at sites called

A) intercalated discs.
B) myofibrils.
C) sarcomeres.
D) trabeculae.
E) fossa ovalis.

Question 11

The muscle layer of the heart is the

A) epicardium.
B) myocardium.
C) endocardium.
D) visceral pericardium.
E) endothelium.

Question 12

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood directly into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) inferior vena cava.
C) coronary sinus.
D) coronary sulcus.
E) aorta.

Question 13

The muscular ridges found on the internal surfaces of the ventricles are collectively called (the)

A) cardiac skeleton.
B) chordae tendineae.
C) papilla.
D) trabeculae carneae.
E) auricle.

Question 14

The innermost layer of the heart wall is the

A) mediastinum.
B) parietal pericardium.
C) epicardium.
D) myocardium.
E) endocardium.

Question 15

Blood returning directly from the systemic circulation enters the

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.
E) pulmonary trunk.

Question 16

The right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit and pumps it to the

A) aorta.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) pulmonary trunk.
E) muscle tissue of the heart wall.

Question 17

The loose-fitting sac around the heart is lined by the

A) parietal pericardium.
B) epicardium.
C) endocardium.
D) parietal myocardium.
E) parietal endocardium.

Question 18

Malfunctioning chordae tendineae would

A) allow blood to flow back into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
B) inhibit closure of the semilunar valves.
C) cause regurgitation into the atria.
D) enable the cusps of the AV valves to swing into the ventricles.
E) block blood flow into coronary arteries.

Question 19

Which structural feature of the heart is a deep groove, usually filled with substantial amounts of fat, marking the border between the atria and the ventricles?

A) posterior interventricular sulcus
B) coronary sulcus
C) anterior interventricular sulcus
D) coronary sinus
E) interventricular septum

Question 20

The tricuspid valve is located

A) in the opening of the aorta.
B) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk.
C) where the vena cavae join the right atrium.
D) between the right atrium and right ventricle.
E) between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 21

The first blood vessels to branch from the pulmonary trunk are the

A) pulmonary arteries.
B) superior vena cavae.
C) circumflex arteries.
D) coronary arteries.
E) pulmonary veins.

Question 22

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

A) left atrium.
B) left ventricle.
C) lungs.
D) systemic circuit.
E) right atrium.

Question 23

The function of the cardiac skeleton is to

A) convey blood away from the heart.
B) supply blood to the muscle tissue of the heart.
C) reduce friction between the opposing surfaces of the pericardial sac.
D) stabilize the position of the heart valves.
E) provide for the movement of ions and small molecules.

Question 24

The right and left coronary arteries originate at the

A) aortic sinuses.
B) coronary sinus.
C) pulmonary trunk.
D) marginal artery.
E) fossa ovalis.

Question 25

The atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart is also called the

A) tricuspid valve.
B) cuspid valve.
C) mitral valve.
D) pulmonary valve.
E) aortic valve.

Question 26

Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the

A) ventricles.
B) atria.
C) venae cavae.
D) aorta.
E) pulmonary trunk.

Question 27

Cardiac muscle cells have abundant reserves of myoglobin, which function in

A) removing waste products.
B) storing iron.
C) removing carbon dioxide.
D) storing oxygen.
E) the shortening of individual sarcomeres.

Question 28

Which structural feature of cardiac muscle cells enables action potentials to travel rapidly from cell to cell?

A) mitochondria
B) desmosomes
C) gap junctions
D) myofibrils
E) myoglobin

Question 29

The function of an atrium is to

A) collect blood returning to the heart.
B) pump blood to the lungs.
C) pump blood into the systemic circuit.
D) prevent the movement of blood back into the ventricles.
E) stabilize the position of the heart valves.

Question 30

Which of the following correctly represents the layers associated with the heart from superficial to deep?

A) parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, endocardium, myocardium
B) endocardium, myocardium, visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium
C) visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, myocardium, endocardium
D) parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, myocardium, endocardium
E) myocardium, visceral pericardium, endocardium, parietal pericardium

Question 31

Small tributaries from the branches of the coronary arteries form interconnections called

A) infarcts.
B) auricles.
C) regurgitations.
D) trabeculae carneae.
E) anastomoses.

Question 32

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) brain.
D) kidneys.
E) pancreas.

Question 33

If valve function deteriorates such that the heart cannot maintain adequate circulatory flow, symptoms of ________ appear.

A) mitral valve prolapse
B) carditis
C) coronary artery disease
D) rheumatic fever
E) valvular heart disease

Question 34

Veins that return blood to the heart are also referred to as ________ vessels.

A) afferent
B) mitral
C) valvular
D) efferent
E) pulmonary

Question 35

The marginal artery branches off the

A) aorta.
B) left coronary artery.
C) interventricular artery.
D) coronary sinus.
E) right coronary artery.

Question 36

Blood from the viscera and the lower limbs is conducted to the heart through which vessel?

A) coronary sinus
B) inferior vena cava
C) pulmonary veins
D) superior vena cava
E) cardiac vein

Question 37

The semilunar valve of the left side of the heart prevents backflow from the

A) aorta.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) right ventricle.
E) left ventricle.

Question 38

The average pressure in the right ventricle is ________ the pressure in the left ventricle.

A) the same as
B) much lower than
C) slightly lower than
D) slightly higher than
E) much higher than

Question 39

The primary function of the venae cavae includes which of the following?

A) return blood to the right atrium
B) pump oxygenated blood into circulation
C) remove excess fluid from the heart chambers
D) anchor the heart to surrounding structures
E) prevent expansion of the heart

Question 40

Which of the following indicates the start of the systemic circuit?

A) pulmonary trunk
B) pulmonary arteries
C) vena cavae
D) ascending aorta
E) cardiac veins

Question 41

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the

A) pulmonary trunk.
B) pulmonary veins.
C) aorta.
D) inferior vena cava.
E) pulmonary arteries.

Question 42

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label I represents the

A) auricle.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.
E) interventricular septum.

Question 43

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label C represents the

A) tricuspid valve.
B) pulmonary (semilunar) valve.
C) aortic (semilunar) valve.
D) bicuspid valve.
E) left atrioventricular valve.

Question 44

In ________, the cusps of the bicuspid valves do not close properly.

A) mitral valve prolapse
B) valvular heart disease
C) ventricular stenosis
D) myocardial infarctions
E) aortic sinuses

Question 45

A disorder resulting from the buildup of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries is called

A) valvular heart disease.
B) rheumatic heart disease.
C) coronary thrombosis.
D) coronary artery disease.
E) heart block.

Question 46

Deoxygenated blood is carried away from the right ventricle by the

A) pulmonary arteries.
B) pulmonary veins.
C) aorta.
D) inferior vena cava.
E) pulmonary trunk.

Question 47

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium
2) left atrium
3) right ventricle
4) left ventricle
5) vena cavae
6) aorta
7) pulmonary trunk
8) pulmonary veins
What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

A) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5
B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5
C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6
E) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6

Question 48

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label L represents the

A) aortic arch.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) descending aorta.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 49

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label E represents the

A) pulmonary veins.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary arteries.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 50

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label D represents the

A) pulmonary veins.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary arteries.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 51

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label J represents the

A) auricle.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.
E) interventricular septum.

Question 52

Which statement is correct regarding the heart wall?

A) The endothelium consists of cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
B) The myocardium is comprised of a simple squamous epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
C) The endocardium is the visceral pericardium.
D) The cardiac muscle tissue forms bands that wrap around the ventricles and spiral into the wall of the atria.
E) The epicardium is a serous membrane that consists of an exposed epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.

Question 53

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label B represents the

A) pulmonary veins.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary arteries.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 54

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label M represents the

A) auricle.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.
E) interventricular septum.

Question 55

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label K represents the

A) aortic arch.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) descending aorta.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 56

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label F represents the

A) interventricular septum.
B) apex.
C) opening of the coronary sinus.
D) fossa ovalis.
E) interatrial septum.

Question 57

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label A represents the

A) aortic arch.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary arteries.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 58

When the ventricles are relaxed, the ________ are loose and there is no resistance to the flow of blood from atrium to ventricle.

A) auricles
B) chordae tendineae
C) papillary muscles
D) trabeculae carneae
E) aortic sinuses

Question 59

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label G represents the

A) tricuspid valve.
B) pulmonary (semilunar) valve.
C) aortic (semilunar) valve.
D) bicuspid valve.
E) left atrioventricular valve.

Question 60

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label H represents the

A) cusps of the tricuspid valve.
B) pulmonary (semilunar) valve.
C) aortic (semilunar) valve.
D) cusps of the bicuspid valve.
E) cusps of the right atrioventricular valve.

Question 61

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called

A) bradycardia.
B) tachycardia.
C) tetanus.
D) myocardial infarct.
E) arrhythmia.

Question 62

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label U represents the

A) right pulmonary veins.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) right pulmonary arteries.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 63

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label Q represents the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.
E) interventricular septum.

Question 64

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label S represents the

A) interventricular septum.
B) apex.
C) opening of the coronary sinus.
D) fossa ovalis.
E) interatrial septum.

Question 65

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label R represents the

A) interventricular septum.
B) apex.
C) opening of the coronary sinus.
D) fossa ovalis.
E) interatrial septum.

Question 66

The property of heart muscle in which it contracts in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called

A) tamponade.
B) thrombosis.
C) autorhythmicity.
D) arrhythmias.
E) tetanus.

Question 67

During rapid depolarization of a ventricular contractile cell, the voltage-gated sodium channels close when the membrane potential reaches approximately

A) -90 mV.
B) -30 mV.
C) 0 mV.
D) +30 mV.
E) +90 mV.

Question 68

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label T represents the

A) right pulmonary veins.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) right pulmonary arteries.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 69

The maximum rate of contraction in normal cardiac muscle fibers is approximately ________ per minute.

A) 80
B) 140
C) 200
D) 250
E) 300+

Question 70

During repolarization, ________ ions rush out of the ventricular contractile cell.

A) sodium
B) calcium
C) magnesium
D) selenium
E) potassium

Question 71

The cardiac pacemaker cells are located in which of the following?

A) Purkinje fibers
B) SA node
C) AV node
D) bundle branches
E) bundle of His

Question 72

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label N represents the

A) trabeculae carneae.
B) chordae tendineae.
C) auricle.
D) papillary muscle.
E) pectinate muscle.

Question 73

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label O represents the

A) trabeculae carneae.
B) chordae tendineae.
C) auricle.
D) papillary muscle.
E) pectinate muscle.

Question 74

Depolarization of the atria is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

A) P wave.
B) T wave.
C) S wave.
D) QRS complex.
E) PR complex.

Question 75

________ is a condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal.

A) Cardiac arrhythmia
B) Bradycardia
C) Tetanus
D) Summation
E) Tachycardia

Question 76

The QRS complex on an ECG tracing represents

A) atrial depolarization.
B) atrial repolarization.
C) ventricular depolarization.
D) ventricular repolarization.
E) ventricular contraction.

Question 77

If the AV node does not receive action potentials generated by the SA node,

A) the ventricles will beat faster.
B) the ventricular rate of contraction will not be affected.
C) the stroke volume will increase.
D) tachycardia will occur.
E) it will establish a heart rate of 40-60 bpm.

Question 78

Abnormal patterns of cardiac activity are known as

A) automaticity.
B) ischemias.
C) defibrillations.
D) arrhythmias.
E) contractility.

Question 79

The T wave of an ECG corresponds to

A) atrial depolarization.
B) atrial diastole.
C) ventricular systole.
D) ventricular repolarization.
E) atrial repolarization.

Question 80

Figure 12-1 Major Internal Landmarks of the Heart
Use Figure 12-1 to identify the labeled part.
Label P represents the

A) cusps of tricuspid valve.
B) pulmonary (semilunar) valve.
C) aortic (semilunar) valve.
D) cusps of bicuspid valve.
E) cusps of left atrioventricular valve.