Deck 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Characteristics of living organisms include the ability to

A) repair and completely restore itself during any type of injury.
B) respond and adapt to their environment.
C) control the external environment.
D) form positive feedback loops.
E) create a protective covering over themselves.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A cardiologist studies the human body mainly with an approach resembling

A) gross anatomy.
B) surface anatomy.
C) microscopic anatomy.
D) systemic anatomy.
E) regional anatomy.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The branch of biological science that deals with how the kidney functions is called

A) endocrine physiology.
B) histology.
C) adrenal anatomy.
D) cytology.
E) renal physiology.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The study of cells and cellular structures is called

A) gross anatomy.
B) cytology.
C) histology.
D) organology.
E) microbiology.

Question 5

Diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease would be covered in the specialty area of physiology called

A) hyperbaric physiology.
B) pathophysiology.
C) gross anatomy.
D) regional anatomy.
E) systemic anatomy.

Question 6

The waste products of metabolism are eliminated through the process of

A) assimilation.
B) absorption.
C) excretion.
D) digestion.
E) resorption.

Question 7

Studying all the superficial and internal features in one specific area of the body is called

A) gross anatomy.
B) surface anatomy.
C) systemic anatomy.
D) regional anatomy.
E) surgical anatomy.

Question 8

Which division of anatomy focuses on the form and structure of the heart, blood, and blood vessels?

A) regional anatomy
B) surface anatomy
C) cytology
D) histology
E) systemic anatomy

Question 9

A collection of cells that work together designates a(n)

A) chemical.
B) organ.
C) tissue.
D) organ system.
E) molecule.

Question 10

Which of the following is an accurate description of the cellular level of organization?

A) Cells consist of two or more different tissues working together to perform specific functions.
B) Cells are considered to be the largest living units in the body.
C) Cells are comprised of different molecules that interact to form larger structures, each type of which has a specific function.
D) Cells combine to form molecules with complex shapes, which determine their function(s).
E) Cardiac muscle is an example of the cellular level of organization.

Question 11

Which statement about anatomy and physiology is true?

A) Physiology is the study of structure.
B) Anatomy is the study of structure and function.
C) Both anatomy and physiology are needed to understand organ systems and organisms.
D) There is only one area of anatomy, whereas there are many subdivisions of physiology.
E) Special physiology focuses on a particular organ system.

Question 12

One difference between a gross anatomist and a histologist would be

A) the use of a microscope.
B) the need to use sophisticated diagnostic imaging methods.
C) one studies physiology and the other studies anatomy.
D) which organ systems one studies.
E) which diseases are seen.

Question 13

Which statement is true?

A) An organ will likely be composed of different tissues.
B) Organs are composed of organ systems.
C) Many molecules come together to form atoms.
D) All organs in an organ system have the same function.
E) The smallest living unit in the body is an atom.

Question 14

Biopsy samples from organs are sent to your lab for staining and then viewing in a microscope. Your area of expertise would be

A) regional physiology.
B) gross anatomy.
C) regional anatomy.
D) systemic anatomy.
E) histology.

Question 15

Think about the definitions of anatomy and of physiology. The relationship between these two fields is best described by the following statement:

A) Anatomy is the study of function.
B) All structures are derived from an ancestral structure.
C) Physiology becomes more complex over time.
D) Structure follows function.
E) Organs that have similar function also have similar structure.

Question 16

Humans have specialized organ systems compared to smaller organisms because

A) we have to interact with our environment and smaller organisms do not.
B) smaller organisms do not need as many nutrients.
C) our cells are larger.
D) small organisms do not do the same processes than humans do.
E) there is multicellularity and increased size in larger organisms.

Question 17

The study of body structure is called

A) physiology.
B) homeostasis.
C) anatomy.
D) positive feedback.
E) negative feedback.

Question 18

Which of the following is an organ?

A) blood
B) heart
C) peritoneum
D) connective tissue
E) mitochondrion

Question 19

The heart, blood, and blood vessels combine to form which of the following?

A) a group of cells
B) an organ system
C) the smallest level of organization
D) an organ
E) an individual living entity

Question 20

Which of the following is the simplest level of organization?

A) cellular
B) chemical
C) organ
D) system
E) tissue

Question 21

Which structure(s) is/are a component of the digestive system?

A) pituitary gland
B) ligaments
C) urethra
D) arteries
E) liver

Question 22

Gas exchange is a function of the

A) cardiovascular system.
B) lymphoid system.
C) respiratory system.
D) urinary system.
E) endocrine system.

Question 23

Your blood glucose level has dropped perilously low because you have been starving yourself for a couple of days to lose weight. Your liver, directed by the hormone insulin, converts its last stored glycogen into glucose to get it out into your bloodstream. In this scenario, the liver is the

A) receptor.
B) effector.
C) control center.
D) feedback.
E) balance.

Question 24

The fact that a single defective protein causes cystic fibrosis, a multisystemic illness, proves that

A) all organisms are composed of cells.
B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C) chemical molecules make up cells.
D) all cells are independent of each other.
E) congenital defects can be life threatening.

Question 25

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions with respect to the external environment is called

A) integration.
B) internal regulation.
C) responsiveness.
D) homeostasis.
E) external regulation.

Question 26

What is/are the primary function(s) of the skeletal system?

A) protection from environment
B) internal transport of materials
C) support, protection, and mineral storage
D) delivery of air for gas exchange
E) locomotion and heat production

Question 27

The production of another human organism is the function of which of the following systems?

A) skeletal
B) reproductive
C) respiratory
D) lymphoid
E) cardiovascular

Question 28

Figure 1-1 The Organ Systems of the Human Body
Use Figure 1-1 to answer the following questions:
Which organ system is labeled #1?

A) nervous system
B) reproductive system
C) integumentary system
D) lymphatic system
E) muscular system

Question 29

The prevention of change, by ignoring minor variations and maintaining a normal range rather than a fixed value, is characteristic of

A) positive feedback.
B) stimulus reinforcement.
C) negative feedback.
D) effector control.
E) both positive and negative feedback loops.

Question 30

The increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of which type of mechanism?

A) receptor activation
B) effector shutdown
C) negative feedback
D) positive feedback
E) thermoregulation

Question 31

How are the endocrine organ system and nervous organ system alike?

A) They both send nerve impulses.
B) Each of the systems regulates different activities.
C) Together, they both regulate most of the activities of the body.
D) They both have many disorders associated with them.
E) One system is more involved with young life, whereas the other becomes more important later in life.

Question 32

The thymus is associated with which organ system?

A) nervous
B) respiratory
C) digestive
D) urinary
E) endocrine

Question 33

Lungs are to the respiratory system as the spleen is to the

A) lymphatic system.
B) urinary system.
C) digestive system.
D) cardiovascular system.
E) muscular system.

Question 34

All of these organ systems have exchange of materials as a main function.

A) urinary and digestive
B) respiratory and cardiovascular
C) cardiovascular and endocrine
D) digestive and respiratory
E) lymphatic and bone

Question 35

Which component of a homeostatic regulation is characterized as having an activity that opposes or enhances the stimulus?

A) balance
B) control center
C) integration center
D) positive feedback loop
E) effector

Question 36

The pituitary and thyroid glands are components of the

A) endocrine system.
B) cardiovascular system.
C) respiratory system.
D) lymphoid system.
E) digestive system.

Question 37

Figure 1-1 The Organ Systems of the Human Body
Use Figure 1-1 to answer the following questions:
What is/are the function(s) of the organ system labeled #3?

A) help control body temperature
B) provides support; produces heat
C) provides support; protects tissues; stores minerals
D) directs immediate responses to stimuli
E) defends against infection and disease

Question 38

Covering, protection, and control of body temperature are functions of which organ system of the human body?

A) integumentary
B) muscular
C) skeletal
D) nervous
E) endocrine

Question 39

The trachea and lungs are components of the

A) endocrine system.
B) digestive system.
C) respiratory system.
D) urinary system.
E) lymphoid system.

Question 40

As a result of playing tennis in the summer heat without proper hydration, you have become very dehydrated. You are now in hypernatremia, a condition where your blood sodium levels are too high. Your brain tells you to drink water and, as a result, your blood sodium and hydration levels go back to normal. This illustrates

A) positive feedback.
B) stimulus reinforcement.
C) negative feedback.
D) diagnostic regulation.
E) both positive and negative feedback loops.

Question 41

The sternum is ________ to the heart.

A) lateral
B) proximal
C) dorsal
D) ventral
E) medial

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

A) An increase in normal body temperature triggers heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and increased sweating.
B) An increase in ambient room temperature triggers the thermostat to turn on the heater.
C) A severe cut triggers accelerated blood clotting until the bleeding stops.
D) Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to release blood sugar.
E) An increase in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature.

Question 43

Which statement is true regarding the abdominopelvic regions?

A) The bulk of the liver is found within the left hypochondriac region.
B) Directly inferior to the umbilical region is the inguinal region.
C) The small intestine is located in the bottom three regions only.
D) The hypogastric region is where the stomach is located.
E) The hypochondriac regions are superior to the lumbar regions.

Question 44

A person lying face up in the anatomical position is said to be in the ________ position.

A) coronal
B) supine
C) prone
D) sagittal
E) lateral

Question 45

Which of the following describes a mechanism that brings the internal environment back to normal?

A) integration
B) regulation
C) positive feedback
D) negative feedback
E) homeostasis

Question 46

Which of the following anatomical landmarks corresponds to the groin?

A) inguinal
B) cephalon
C) gluteus
D) lumbus
E) thoracis

Question 47

A person who is lying on his or her stomach is said to be in the

A) supine position.
B) prone position.
C) transverse position.
D) frontal position.
E) sagittal position.

Question 48

Open-heart bypass surgery, to replace obstructed vessels that feed the heart with oxygenated blood, requires a long incision cut down the breastbone. The ribs are then spread to work on the heart. This incision is along the ________ plane.

A) frontal
B) coronal
C) transverse
D) sagittal
E) oblique

Question 49

Regarding components of negative feedback in thermoregulation, what is the corresponding term for the skeletal muscles?

A) effector
B) control center
C) receptor
D) integrator
E) stimulus

Question 50

An initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces the stimulus in

A) positive feedback.
B) homeostasis.
C) negative feedback.
D) regulation.
E) integration.

Question 51

Which directional term indicates the back of the body?

A) lateral
B) proximal
C) dorsal
D) ventral
E) medial

Question 52

A cut passing parallel to the long axis of the body that divides it into unequal left and right halves is known as which type of sectional plane?

A) frontal
B) coronal
C) transverse
D) sagittal
E) horizontal

Question 53

In the terminology of planes and sections, which example includes two terms with identical meanings?

A) frontal/coronal
B) coronal/horizontal
C) equatorial/coronal
D) sagittal/midsagittal
E) caudal/cranial

Question 54

Describe the regional term "antecubitis."

A) back of knee
B) midline of back
C) eye
D) front of elbow
E) forearm

Question 55

The forearm is called the

A) acromial.
B) olecranon.
C) antebrachium.
D) lumbus.
E) brachium.

Question 56

Using anatomical terms of direction, supply the word that would make the sentence correct. The stomach is ________ to the lungs.

A) ventral
B) dorsal
C) superior
D) inferior
E) deep

Question 57

The wrist is ________ to the elbow.

A) proximal
B) distal
C) lateral
D) medial
E) deep

Question 58

The term ________ refers to the wrist.

A) pes
B) tarsus
C) manus
D) palmar
E) carpus

Question 59

Anterior is to ________ as posterior is to dorsal.

A) cranial
B) ventral
C) caudal
D) inferior
E) medial

Question 60

________ are terms used when comparing body areas on appendages.

A) Lateral and medial
B) Proximal and distal
C) Superior and inferior
D) Supine and prone
E) Superficial and deep

Question 61

Photo Credit: Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.
Figure 1-5 Abdominopelvic Regions
Use Figure 1-5 to answer the following questions:
The stomach, spleen, and some of the large intestine together are located in which region?

A) 5
B) 4
C) 1
D) 7
E) 6

Question 62

The leg region (#15) is also known by its anatomical term,

A) tarsal.
B) pedal.
C) patellar.
D) crural.
E) carpal.

Question 63

Photo Credit: Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.
Figure 1-4 Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Use Figure 1-4 to answer the following questions:
The appendix is typically located in which region(s)?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 1
D) 3
E) 1 & 3

Question 64

What is the anatomical term for the calf?

A) crural
B) plantar
C) calcaneal
D) sural
E) tarsal

Question 65

Figure 1-2 Anatomical Landmarks
Use Figure 1-2 to answer the following questions:
Which of the following structures is located superior to the nasus?

A) 35
B) 4
C) 32
D) 5
E) 30

Question 66

Photo Credit: Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.
Figure 1-5 Abdominopelvic Regions
Use Figure 1-5 to answer the following questions:
Which of the following is the left inguinal region?

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 4
E) 8

Question 67

Mary, who is six months pregnant, goes to her obstetrician for a test to check the development of her fetus. She uses a device that employs sound waves to produce an image of the fetus. This technique is known as

A) an X-ray.
B) a CT scan.
C) an MRI.
D) an ultrasound.
E) radiography.

Question 68

The two lines, one vertical and one horizontal, that divide the abdominopelvic area into quadrants cross at the

A) umbilicus/navel.
B) urinary bladder.
C) junction of the small and large intestines.
D) diaphragm.
E) sternum.

Question 69

Figure 1-2 Anatomical Landmarks
Use Figure 1-2 to answer the following questions:
Which number identifies the tarsal region?

A) 16
B) 29
C) 10
D) 20
E) 9

Question 70

Figure 1-3 Anatomical Landmarks
Use Figure 1-3 to answer the following questions:
Which number identifies the acromial region?

A) 3
B) 13
C) 2
D) 12
E) 1

Question 71

The spleen is normally found in which abdominopelvic region?

A) hypogastric
B) left inguinal region
C) right hypochondriac
D) right lumbar region
E) left hypochondriac

Question 72

The kneecap is patellar, whereas the back of the knee is

A) crural.
B) pedal.
C) manual.
D) popliteal.
E) pubic.

Question 73

The pollex is located in which region?

A) 18
B) 23
C) 12
D) 14
E) 16

Question 74

The heart is surrounded by the ________ membrane.

A) pericardial
B) peritoneal
C) visceral
D) serous
E) pleural

Question 75

A diagnostic technique that employs a radiopaque dye injected into blood vessels is called a(n)

A) digital subtractive angiography (DSA).
B) radiograph.
C) CT scan.
D) MRI.
E) ultrasound.

Question 76

Photo Credit: Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.
Figure 1-4 Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Use Figure 1-4 to answer the following questions:
Tenderness in which region(s) may be an indication of gallbladder or liver problems?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 1
D) 3 & 4
E) 3

Question 77

How is the MRI imaging technique different from a CT imaging technique?

A) One is used for transverse images whereas the other can be used for any orientation of the image.
B) One procedure is cheap and the other is very expensive.
C) One requires the injection of radioactive dyes and the other does not.
D) One uses X-ray technology and the other does not.
E) One is used on superficial problems and the other is used to see inside of the body.

Question 78

Figure 1-3 Anatomical Landmarks
Use Figure 1-3 to answer the following questions:
Which number identifies the olecranal region of the body?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 12
E) 13

Question 79

Figure 1-2 Anatomical Landmarks
Use Figure 1-2 to answer the following questions:
Which number identifies the cephalon?

A) 24
B) 30
C) 23
D) 10
E) 1

Question 80

Choose the directional term to make the following sentence correct. The knee is ________ to the foot.

A) lateral
B) medial
C) superficial
D) distal
E) proximal