Deck 10: More About Survey Research

Question 1

The ______ is a method of testing scores' internal consistency that indicates if the scores are similar on different sets of questions on a survey that address similar topics.

A) test-retest reliability
B) split-half reliability
C) testing effects
D) construct validity

Answer 1

split-half reliability

Question 2

Both the Health and Psychosocial Instruments (HAPI) database and the Mental Measurements Yearbook are available through the ______ database.

A) EBSCO
B) SCOEB
C) COEBS
D) SBEOC

Answer 2

EBSCO

Question 3

The ______ validity indicates that a survey measures the behavior it is designed to measure.

A) criterion-related
B) test-retest
C) construct
D) predictive

Answer 3

construct

Question 4

When individuals provide survey responses that represent them in the most positive way, even if the responses are untrue, this is ______.

A) nonresponse bias
B) coverage error
C) social desirability bias
D) testing effects

Question 5

A strong, positive relationship between scores on a new survey and scores on a previously validated survey on the same topic indicates good ______.

A) criterion-related validity
B) test-retest validity
C) Cronbach's alpha
D) social desirability

Question 6

The development and validation of surveys are called ______.

A) psychotronics
B) psychometrics
C) questionnairing
D) psychonomics

Question 7

______ is not a source of bias in survey data.

A) Nonresponse error
B) Coverage error
C) Social desirability bias
D) High response rate

Question 8

"How do you feel today?" is an example of a(n) ______ question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) open-ended
D) closed-ended

Question 9

The ______ of scores indicates how similar scores on the different items of a survey are to one another.

A) test-retest reliability
B) internal consistency
C) testing effects
D) construct validity

Question 10

When participants choose not to complete a study, this is ______.

A) attrition/mortality
B) abrasion
C) transience
D) nonresponse error

Question 11

A research question that asks what causes specific behaviors to occur is a ______ research question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) causal
D) closed-ended

Question 12

When a question on a survey is actually two questions in one this is called a ______ question.

A) coercive
B) duplicate
C) double-barreled
D) causal

Question 13

A research question that asks about the presence of behavior, how frequently it is exhibited, or whether there is a relationship between different behaviors is a ______ research question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) causal
D) closed-ended

Question 14

A Likert scale is an example of a(n) ______ response scale.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) open-ended
D) closed-ended

Question 15

Of the following research questions, ______ is an example of a predictive research question.

A) What percentage of time do Americans feel happy?
B) Are depression and cancer recovery rates related?
C) Do ACT (or SAT) scores indicate future academic performance?
D) What types of personality characteristics are common in children who bully others?

Question 16

A research question that asks if one behavior can be predicted from another behavior to allow predictions of a future behavior occurrence is a ______ research question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) causal
D) closed-ended

Question 17

The more participants in your sample who are willing to complete the survey, the lower chance there will be of ______ in your study.

A) nonresponse error
B) coverage error
C) social desirability bias
D) testing effects

Question 18

The ______ response scales provide response categories that respondents choose from.

A) open-ended
B) closed-ended
C) descriptive
D) predictive

Question 19

Cronbach's alpha is a measure of the ______ of a survey.

A) test-retest reliability
B) internal consistency
C) testing effects
D) construct validity

Question 20

The ______ response scales allow respondents to respond to items in any way they wish.

A) open-ended
B) closed-ended
C) descriptive
D) predictive

Question 21

The survey question, "Do you believe that climate change is occurring and that humans are the cause?" can reduce the validity of your survey. Because ______.

A) which question is answered cannot be assessed
B) both questions are not yes/no questions
C) neither question is an opinion question
D) belief questions cannot be validated

Question 22

One of the most expensive ways to administer a survey is ______.

A) mailings
B) emails
C) phone
D) in person

Question 23

The ______ occurs when participants are tested more than once in a study with early testing affecting later testing.

A) test-retest reliability
B) internal consistency
C) testing effects
D) construct validity

Question 24

Internal consistency of scores indicates how similar scores on the different items of a survey are compared to one another.

Question 25

Collecting ______ responses will require a coding scheme to be developed to categorize the different types of responses made.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) open-ended
D) closed-ended

Question 26

When on the surface, a study or scale appears to be intuitively valid it has ______ validity.

A) face
B) construct
C) convergent
D) predictive

Question 27

A sampling error that occurs when individuals chosen for the sample do not respond to the survey, biasing the sample, is ______.

A) nonresponse error
B) coverage error
C) social desirability bias
D) testing effects

Question 28

"How do Americans currently feel about the economy?" is an example of a ______ type of research question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) causal
D) closed-ended

Question 29

A set of statistical techniques used to analyze responses from a survey or questionnaire to group items together by concept is called ______.

A) statistical analysis
B) item analysis
C) survey analysis
D) factor analysis

Question 30

One of the most important issues to consider in new survey design is how to ______.

A) arrange the questions to prevent bias
B) determine how many items to include in the survey
C) get the survey published
D) maximize the validity of the survey scores

Question 31

"Which of a series of treatments causes the largest reduction in depression symptoms?" is an example of a ______ type of research question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) causal
D) closed-ended

Question 32

The ______ indicates that the scores on a survey will be similar when participants complete the survey more than once.

A) test-retest reliability
B) internal consistency
C) testing effects
D) construct validity

Question 33

A method of testing scores' internal consistency that indicates the average correlation between scores on all pairs of items on a survey is called ______.

A) internal validity
B) test-retest validity
C) Cronbach's alpha
D) correlational average

Question 34

Of the following, ______ was one of Dillman's (2000) suggested techniques to improve response rates on survey research.

A) an incentive
B) a complicated format
C) a response deadline
D) a deceptive introduction to hide the topic

Question 35

A researcher tests the ______ of a survey to determine if the survey can predict other behaviors.

A) criterion-related validity
B) test-retest validity
C) convergent validity
D) content validity

Question 36

There are two good sources for standardized questionnaires that may contain the type of survey you are looking for. One of these is called the ______.

A) HAPI
B) PAPI
C) TAPI
D) LAPI

Question 37

"Can the consumer behaviors of Americans (or others) be predicted from how they currently feel about the economy?" is an example of a ______ type of research question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) causal
D) closed-ended

Question 38

A ______ occur(s) when the sampling technique used is not successful in collecting a representative sample.

A) nonresponse error
B) coverage error
C) social desirability bias
D) testing effects

Question 39

A sampling error that occurs when the sample chosen to complete a survey does not provide a good representation of the population is ______.

A) nonresponse error
B) coverage error
C) social desirability bias
D) testing effects

Question 40

Questions that can bias a respondent toward a particular answer are ______ and should be ______.

A) leading questions; avoided
B) double-barreled questions; limited
C) open-ended; located at the end
D) loaded; rewritten

Question 41

Surveys are the least common data collection techniques used in psychological research.

Question 42

Surveys can be used to answer causal research questions.

Question 43

An example of a double-barreled question was presented in the McBride text; "Do you believe that climate change is occurring and that humans are the cause?" Discuss why this is not a good survey question and what is meant by double-barreled. Provide a suggested update that is a better survey item for the question example.

Question 44

Explain the difference between open- and closed-ended questions. Please include examples of each.

Question 45

Longer, standardized surveys are often called questionnaires.

Question 46

Explain why "Do you meditate to reduce your anxiety?" is a poorly worded survey item.

Question 47

Negative wording occurs when you ask someone to answer a question with a negative statement.

Question 48

If you had created a new survey, in what ways would you verify its reliability?

Question 49

Discuss the various options for administering surveys. Discuss the advantages and limitations of each option. Examples are good ways to discuss the options.

Question 50

Nonresponse errors are a particular type of coverage error.

Question 51

Open-ended responses allow the participants to respond in any way they feel is appropriate for the question.

Question 52

"Do you often get depressed and talk to someone about it?" is a well-constructed survey question.

Question 53

Surveys can be used to answer predictive research questions.

Question 54

Surveys can be used to answer descriptive research questions.

Question 55

Coverage errors reduce the face validity of a survey.

Question 56

If you had created a new survey, in what ways would you verify its construct validity?

Question 57

Explain the difference between descriptive, predictive, and causal research questions. Please include examples of each.

Question 58

Nonresponse errors occur when individuals chosen for the sample choose not to respond to the survey. Therefore, even when an appropriate sampling technique is used, nonresponse errors can still occur, making the sample less representative.

Question 59

To ensure that your survey includes the best set of questions, it is a good idea to pilot sets of questions to determine the specific wording that is most easily understood by your participants.

Question 60

Wording of the questions cannot affect the validity and reliability of the survey results.