Question 1

Most amide local anesthetics undergo biotransformation in the:&#10;A)pancreas&#10;B)spleen&#10;C)plasma of blood&#10;D)liver

Accepted Answer

Most amide local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, undergo hepatic metabolism, which occurs primarily via the cytochrome P450 system in the liver.

Question 2

____________ injections usually possess the greatest potential for intravascular injection.&#10;A)Intraligamentary&#10;B)Inferior alveolar nerve block&#10;C)Mental nerve block&#10;D)Posterior superior alveolar nerve block

Accepted Answer

Inferior alveolar nerve block injections have the greatest potential for intravascular injection due to the proximity of the injection site to major blood vessels such as the lingual artery and maxillary artery. This can also lead to higher risk of adverse reactions such as hematoma and nerve damage.

Question 3

Which of the following is the longest-acting local dental anesthetic?&#10;A)prilocaine&#10;B)lidocaine&#10;C)bupivacaine&#10;D)mepivacaine

Accepted Answer

Bupivacaine is the longest-acting local dental anesthetic, providing several hours of pain relief. Prilocaine, lidocaine, and mepivacaine have shorter durations of action.

Question 4

In the United States,1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine contains __ mg of anesthetic.&#10;A)18&#10;B)36&#10;C)40&#10;D)44

Accepted Answer

To convert mL to mg, we need to know the density of the solution. The density of 2% lidocaine is 1.01 g/mL. Therefore, 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine contains:

1.01 g/mL x 1.8 mL x 0.02 = 0.036 g = 36 mg (rounded to the nearest milligram).

So the answer is B) 36.

Question 5

Biotransformation of a drug occurs during:&#10;A)absorption&#10;B)distribution&#10;C)metabolism&#10;D)excretion

Accepted Answer

Biotransformation of a drug occurs during metabolism, where the drug is chemically altered in the body to a more water-soluble form that can be easily excreted. This process is also known as drug metabolism or drug detoxification. It usually takes place in the liver but can also occur in other organs such as the kidneys, lungs, and intestines.

Question 6

As the patient becomes more acidotic during a local anesthesia-induced seizure,the seizure threshold for that drug _______________.&#10;A)increases&#10;B)remains the same&#10;C)decreases

Accepted Answer

As the patient becomes more acidotic, the seizure threshold for local anesthetics decreases. This means that the patient will need less of the drug to induce a seizure, and could potentially experience a seizure at a lower dose. It is important to monitor the patient closely during the procedure and adjust the dosage accordingly to prevent this from happening.

Question 7

A negative result on an aspiration test during local anesthetic administration indicates that the needle tip is not within the lumen of a blood vessel and that the drug may be administered.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A negative result on an aspiration test...

Question 8

Full-mouth anesthesia may be achieved in an adult with fewer than ______ cartridges of local anesthetics.&#10;A)two&#10;B)four&#10;C)six&#10;D)eight

Accepted Answer

Full-mouth anesthesia in an adult can typically be achieved with fewer than six cartridges of local anesthetics, depending on the specific anesthetic used and the individual's response.

Question 9

Which of the following body systems is most susceptible to the clinical effects of epinephrine in local anesthetics?&#10;A)CNS&#10;B)respiratory system&#10;C)cardiovascular system&#10;D)genitourinary system&#10;E)endocrine system

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor used in local anesthetics to prolong the effect of the anesthetic and reduce bleeding at the site of injection. It can cause cardiovascular effects such as increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and potentially arrhythmias, particularly in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. The other body systems listed are not as susceptible to the effects of epinephrine in local anesthetics.

Question 10

Which is the most common cause of overdose in dentistry?&#10;A)local anesthetics&#10;B)vasoconstrictors&#10;C)sedative-hypnotics&#10;D)opioid analgesics

Accepted Answer

Local anesthetics are the most commonly used drugs in dentistry and also pose the highest risk of overdose. The dosage and administration of local anesthetics must be carefully monitored to prevent toxicity. Vasoconstrictors, sedative-hypnotics, and opioid analgesics are also used in dentistry but are less likely to cause overdose when used within therapeutic limits.

Question 11

Administration of a full 1.8-mL cartridge of local anesthetic should take a minimum of:&#10;A)10 seconds&#10;B)30 seconds&#10;C)1 minute&#10;D)5 minutes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Administration of a full 1.8-mL cartridge of...

Deck 23: Drug Overdose Reactions