Question 1

Hypothyroidism is associated with:&#10;A)restlessness&#10;B)nervousness&#10;C)irritability&#10;D)fatigue

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. This can lead to various symptoms, including fatigue. Restlessness, nervousness, and irritability are more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.

Question 2

Patients ____________ years of age make up most cases of hyperventilation.&#10;A)under 10&#10;B)under 20&#10;C)under 40&#10;D)over 40

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilation can occur at any age, but is most common in individuals under the age of 40.

Question 3

Acetone on the breath (ketoacidosis)indicates:&#10;A)hypoglycemia&#10;B)hyperglycemia&#10;C)hypothyroidism&#10;D)hyperthyroidism

Accepted Answer

Acetone on the breath is a symptom of ketoacidosis, which is caused by high levels of ketones in the blood due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). Therefore, the correct answer is hyperglycemia (choice B).

Question 4

Which of the following systemic problems may manifest clinically as altered consciousness?&#10;A)diabetes mellitus&#10;B)cerebrovascular ischemia and infarction&#10;C)thyroid gland dysfunction&#10;D)A,B,and C&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus can cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, both of which can alter consciousness. Cerebrovascular ischemia and infarction can lead to stroke, which may cause altered consciousness. Thyroid gland dysfunction can cause myxedema or thyrotoxicosis, both of which can affect consciousness. Therefore, all three options may manifest as altered consciousness.

Question 5

____________________ is the most common nondrug cause of altered consciousness in dentistry.&#10;A)The circadian rhythm&#10;B)Postprandial depression&#10;C)Hyperventilation&#10;D)Hypoventilation

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilation, or overbreathing, can lead to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood, which can cause symptoms such as lightheadedness, dizziness, and altered consciousness. It is a common occurrence in dental procedures due to anxiety or stress in patients.

Question 6

The most common cause of altered consciousness in the dental environment is:&#10;A)cerebrovascular accident&#10;B)hypothyroidism&#10;C)drug overdose&#10;D)hyperglycemia&#10;E)hyperventilation

Accepted Answer

The most common cause of altered consciousness in the dental environment is drug overdose, most commonly due to excessive use of local anesthetics or sedatives. Other medical conditions listed may also cause altered consciousness, but are less common in the dental setting.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is/are true of diabetes mellitus?&#10;A)it is considered a disease of impaired carbohydrate utilization&#10;B)diabetes mellitus is a blood-vessel disease as well as one of carbohydrate utilization&#10;C)diabetic patients exhibit a greater incidence of cardiovascular disease than nondiabetic patients&#10;D)A,B,and C&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by impaired carbohydrate utilization, is considered both a blood-vessel and carbohydrate utilization disease, and is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease compared to nondiabetic individuals.

Question 8

If a patient has premedicated with alcohol to the point of intoxication,dental treatment should be:&#10;A)prolonged in the hope that alcohol has worn off by the time the appointment ends&#10;B)postponed&#10;C)limited to noninvasive procedures&#10;D)limited to procedures that do not require anesthesia

Accepted Answer

Postponing dental treatment is the best option in this scenario as the patient's intoxication may compromise their safety, ability to cooperate, and increase the risk of adverse reactions to anesthesia or medication. It is important to prioritize the patient's health and reschedule the appointment when they are sober.

Question 9

Thyroid storm is associated with:&#10;A)hypothyroidism&#10;B)hyperthyroidism&#10;C)either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism&#10;D)neither hypothyroidism nor hyperthyroidism

Accepted Answer

Thyroid storm, also known as thyrotoxic crisis, is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism. It occurs when there is an abrupt release of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream, leading to an exaggerated response of the body's metabolism. Symptoms include fever, tachycardia, agitation, delirium, and even coma. Hypothyroidism is not associated with thyroid storm.

Question 10

Hypoglycemia is manifested by:&#10;A)a cold,wet appearance&#10;B)a hot,dry,florid appearance&#10;C)mental confusion&#10;D)A and C&#10;E)B and C

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia is characterized by mental confusion and can also cause a cold, wet appearance. A hot, dry, and florid appearance is not typical of hypoglycemia.

Deck 16: Altered Consciousness: General Considerations