Question 1

_______________ is the most common mechanism producing syncope.&#10;A)Transient ischemia&#10;B)Bradycardia&#10;C)Cerebral anoxia&#10;D)Tardive dyskinesia

Accepted Answer

Cerebral anoxia, or lack of oxygen to the brain, is the most common mechanism producing syncope. This can be caused by a number of factors such as low blood pressure, reduced blood flow to the brain, or changes in breathing patterns. Transient ischemia, or a temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain, can also cause syncope. Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is another potential cause, but is less common. Tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder caused by long-term use of certain medications, is not a cause of syncope.

Question 2

Which of the following sounds associated with partial airway obstruction is cause for use of positive-pressure oxygen?&#10;A)snoring&#10;B)gurgling&#10;C)wheezing&#10;D)crowing

Accepted Answer

Crowing is a sound associated with partial airway obstruction that requires the use of positive-pressure oxygen to maintain airway patency. Snoring, gurgling, and wheezing may indicate partial airway obstruction, but positive-pressure oxygen is not necessarily required unless the patient's condition deteriorates.

Question 3

The human brain uses about __% of the total glucose the body consumes.&#10;A)2&#10;B)20&#10;C)65&#10;D)90

Accepted Answer

The human brain uses about 65% of the total glucose the body consumes.

Question 4

Which of the following is a cardiogenic cause of syncope?&#10;A)carotid sinus disease&#10;B)pulmonary embolism&#10;C)pheochromocytoma&#10;D)hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a cardiac condition that can cause syncope due to abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, which can impair blood flow and cause arrhythmias. Carotid sinus disease is a neurogenic cause of syncope, pulmonary embolism is a vascular cause of syncope, and pheochromocytoma is an endocrine cause of syncope.

Question 5

The unconscious victim should be positioned:&#10;A)in the Trendelenburg position&#10;B)with the brain below the heart&#10;C)with the feet elevated slightly (a 10- to 15-degree angle)&#10;D)with pillows under the head

Accepted Answer

Positioning the unconscious victim with the feet elevated slightly (a 10- to 15-degree angle) helps to improve blood flow to the brain by increasing venous return. It also helps to prevent hypotension and shock. The Trendelenburg position (A) with the feet elevated higher than the head is no longer recommended as it can lead to increased intracranial pressure. Positioning the brain below the heart (B) can also lead to increased intracranial pressure. While pillows under the head (D) can be used to maintain an open airway, they do not provide the same physiological benefits as elevating the feet.

Question 6

Most adverse reactions to local anesthetics are:&#10;A)emboli in the brain or heart&#10;B)stress induced&#10;C)overdose reactions&#10;D)allergy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most adverse reactions to local anesthetics are:&#10;A)emboli...

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the three major categories of drugs used in dentistry?&#10;A)analgesics&#10;B)antianxiety agents&#10;C)antiinflammatory agents&#10;D)antibiotics

Accepted Answer

Antiinflammatory agents are not classified as one of the three major categories of drugs used in dentistry, which typically include analgesics, antianxiety agents, and antibiotics.

Question 8

Which of the following is the most common cause of loss of consciousness in the dental environment?&#10;A)seizures&#10;B)orthostatic hypertension&#10;C)hyperventilation&#10;D)vasodepressor syncope&#10;E)acute adrenal insufficiency

Accepted Answer

Vasodepressor syncope, or fainting, is the most common cause of loss of consciousness in the dental environment. It occurs when there is a sudden drop in blood pressure from a vagal response to stress, pain, or anxiety. It is usually a benign and self-limiting event but can be concerning if the patient injures themselves during the fall.

Question 9

Physiologic disturbances that decrease the blood supply to the brain include:&#10;A)constriction of the peripheral arterioles&#10;B)an increase in cardiac output&#10;C)failure of normal peripheral vasoconstrictor activity&#10;D)dilation of cerebral vessels as carbon dioxide is lost through hyperventilation

Accepted Answer

Failure of normal peripheral vasoconstrictor activity can lead to decreased blood supply to the brain as the arterioles are unable to constrict and redirect blood to areas of the body that need it. This can lead to inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the brain, resulting in physiologic disturbances. The other options would result in increased blood flow to the brain, which would not cause a decrease in blood supply.

Question 10

__________ is the most common cause of loss of consciousness in humans.&#10;A)Hypotension&#10;B)Blunt force trauma&#10;C)Tachypnea&#10;D)Opioid overdose

Accepted Answer

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is the most common cause of loss of consciousness (fainting or syncope) in humans, as it can lead to decreased blood flow to the brain.

Question 11

Which of the following steps should come last in management of unconsciousness?&#10;A)P-position&#10;B)A-airway&#10;C)B-breathing&#10;D)C-circulation&#10;E)D-definitive care

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following steps should come...

Question 12

The only sign of adequate ventilation after performing head tilt-chin lift is:&#10;A)hearing and feeling air against your (the rescuer's)cheek&#10;B)seeing the victim's chest rise with each ventilation&#10;C)observing respiratory monitoring devices&#10;D)all of the above are signs of adequate ventilation

Accepted Answer

The answer of The only sign of adequate ventilation after...

Deck 5: Unconsciousness: General Considerations