Deck 1: Introduction to Immunity and the Immune System

Question 1

All of the following are involved in adaptive immunity EXCEPT:

A) memory.
B) lymphocytes.
C) specificity.
D) neutrophils.

Answer 1

neutrophils.

Question 2

Where does the specific immune response to a foreign antigen mainly occur?

A) Lymph nodes
B) Blood
C) Bone marrow
D) Skin

Answer 2

Lymph nodes

Question 3

All of the following are considered part of natural immunity EXCEPT:

A) eosinophils.
B) lymphocytes.
C) acute-phase reactants.
D) neutrophils.

Answer 3

lymphocytes.

Question 4

Which white cell in the peripheral blood migrates into tissue to become a macrophage?

A) Eosinophil
B) Basophil
C) Neutrophil
D) Monocyte

Question 5

Pasteur's discovery that older bacterial cultures would not cause disease in chickens but would protect them from subsequent infection with more virulent strains is an example of:

A) attenuated vaccine.
B) natural immunity.
C) passive immunity.
D) cross-immunity.

Question 6

Acquired (adaptive)immunity can be characterized as:

A) nonspecifically activated.
B) immediately responsive.
C) neutrophil dependent.
D) involving memory.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes diapedesis?

A) Movement toward increasing concentrations of a cytokine
B) Attachment of immunoglobulin to target cells
C) Movement through blood vessel walls as cells exit the circulation
D) Engulfment of target cells

Question 8

Which of the following is characteristic of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue?

A) It is one of the primary lymphoid organs.
B) It clears pathogens from the bloodstream.
C) It includes the tonsils and the appendix.
D) It includes the liver and spleen.

Question 9

Eosinophils are involved in the immune response against:

A) viruses.
B) intracellular bacteria.
C) parasites that cannot be phagocytized.
D) extracellular bacteria.

Question 10

The function of NK cells is to:

A) produce antibody.
B) phagocytize bacteria.
C) present antigen to T cells.
D) kill target cells such as tumor and virally infected cells.

Question 11

The process by which leukocytes are attracted to a specific area by chemical messengers is called:

A) diapedesis.
B) degranulation.
C) chemotaxis.
D) opsonization.

Question 12

Which of the following is characteristic of natural immunity?

A) It involves memory.
B) T lymphocytes play a major role.
C) It involves specificity.
D) Mechanisms are always present and fully functional.

Question 13

Which of the following are components of both innate and adaptive immune responses?

A) Immunoglobulins
B) T helper cells
C) Macrophages
D) B cells

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neutrophils?

A) Congregate in the marginating pool in blood vessels
B) Capable of diapedesis
C) Granules that become bright orange with Wright stain
D) Segmented nucleus

Question 15

Antibodies are secreted by:

A) plasma cells.
B) B cells.
C) T cells.
D) dendritic cells.

Question 16

A white blood cell that is 16 to 18 micrometers in diameter,has a horseshoe-shaped nucleus,and is capable of phagocytosis is a:

A) neutrophil.
B) eosinophil.
C) basophil.
D) monocyte.

Question 17

The most effective phagocytic and antigen-presenting cell is the:

A) neutrophil.
B) monocyte.
C) dendritic cell.
D) macrophage.

Question 18

All of the following cells are considered part of natural immunity EXCEPT:

A) eosinophils.
B) B lymphocytes.
C) monocytes.
D) neutrophils.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a lymph node?

A) Filters interstitial fluid draining from tissues
B) Colonized with T and B cells
C) Between 1 and 25 mm in size
D) Considered a primary or central lymphoid organ

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of natural killer cells?

A) They mature in the thymus.
B) They are smaller than B and T cells.
C) They are a type of lymphocyte.
D) They are part of the adaptive immune system.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic or function of the spleen?

A) Removes old red blood cells from the circulation
B) Filters infectious agents and foreign matter from the blood
C) Less than 25 mm in size
D) Is considered a secondary lymphoid organ

Question 22

Contact with antigen and activation of B cells normally occurs in the:

A) peripheral blood.
B) connective tissue.
C) thymus.
D) lymph nodes.

Question 23

Which best describes lymph nodes?

A) They line the interior of small blood vessels.
B) They are concentrated where appendages join the thorax of the body.
C) They are approximately 12 cm in size.
D) They are considered primary or central lymphoid organs.

Question 24

Which of the following is a characteristic of opsonins?

A) They are carbohydrates that stimulate T cells.
B) They are molecules that coat bacteria, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis.
C) They are expressed on the surface of neutrophils.
D) They are produced by NK cells.

Question 25

T cells are mainly concentrated in which region of the lymph nodes?

A) Primary follicles
B) Secondary follicles
C) Paracortex
D) Medulla

Question 26

T cells mature in the:

A) bone marrow.
B) thymus.
C) lymph nodes.
D) spleen.

Question 27

"Cluster of differentiation" refers to:

A) a category of cell surface proteins used to identify cell types.
B) aggregates of differentiating stem cells.
C) groups of antigens that identify a cell as foreign.
D) the cells that congregate in germinal centers.

Question 28

Match each scientist with the appropriate immunological discovery.
Vaccination

A)Elie Metchnikoff
B)Edward Jenner
C)Emil Von Behring
D)Almoth Wright

Question 29

A primary site of antigen trapping and presentation to immune cells is the:

A) spleen.
B) thymus.
C) bone marrow.
D) brain.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a component or characteristic of natural (innate)immunity?

A) Repeated exposure to a pathogen does not change the response.
B) The response involves acute-phase reactants.
C) The response involves phagocytosis.
D) The response involves antibodies.

Question 31

Match each scientist with the appropriate immunological discovery.
Humoral immunity

A)Elie Metchnikoff
B)Edward Jenner
C)Emil Von Behring
D)Almoth Wright

Question 32

The ability to resist infection through normally present body functions best characterizes:

A) autoimmunity.
B) natural immunity.
C) acquired immunity.
D) alloimmunity.

Question 33

Primary lymphoid organs include which of the following?

A) Spleen
B) Tonsils
C) Thymus
D) Lymph nodes

Question 34

All of the following are commonly found within non-lymphoid tissues EXCEPT:

A) B cells.
B) macrophages.
C) mast cells.
D) dendritic cells.

Question 35

Match each scientist with the appropriate immunological discovery.
Opsonization

A)Elie Metchnikoff
B)Edward Jenner
C)Emil Von Behring
D)Almoth Wright

Question 36

Innate immunity can be characterized as:

A) specific.
B) slow to respond.
C) dependent upon neutrophils and macrophages.
D) involving memory.

Question 37

Hematopoietic stem cells are located in the:

A) lymph nodes.
B) spleen.
C) bone marrow.
D) thymus.

Question 38

B cells that are actively responding to antigen can be found in the:

A) peripheral blood.
B) primary follicles.
C) germinal centers.
D) bone marrow.

Question 39

Macrophages that migrate to the liver are called:

A) alveolar macrophages.
B) histiocytes.
C) microglial cells.
D) Kupffer cells.

Question 40

Which type of cell has a diameter between 10 and 15 micrometers,has a multi-lobed nucleus,and usually comprises more than 50% of circulating leukocytes?

A) Neutrophil
B) Lymphocyte
C) Basophil
D) Monocyte

Question 41

Match each scientist with the appropriate immunological discovery.

-Phagocytosis

A)Elie Metchnikoff
B)Edward Jenner
C)Emil Von Behring
D)Almoth Wright