Question 1

Democratization in Brazil during the 1980s resulted from&#10;A)the military backing a civilian pro-democratic reform candidate.&#10;B)a popular uprising.&#10;C)the rapid collapse of the military.&#10;D)foreign intervention.

Accepted Answer

The military regime in Brazil gradually transitioned to democracy by supporting a civilian candidate, Tancredo Neves, who was committed to democratic reforms, marking a controlled and negotiated end to military rule.

Question 2

The Estado N&#244;vo was&#10;A)Brazil's first democratic republic.&#10;B)a dictatorial regime led by Get&#250;lio Vargas.&#10;C)a breakaway coastal state.&#10;D)a communist dictatorship.

Accepted Answer

The Estado Novo was a dictatorial regime led by Getúlio Vargas in Brazil from 1937 to 1945. It was characterized by authoritarianism, nationalism, and suppression of political opposition.

Question 3

Brazil's independence&#10;A)was achieved after a bloody war.&#10;B)was achieved without bloodshed.&#10;C)occurred due to widespread dissatisfaction with Portugal.&#10;D)lasted only two decades before Portugal reasserted control.

Accepted Answer

Brazil's independence from Portugal was achieved without bloodshed. In fact, it is often referred to as the "bloodless revolution." This was largely due to the efforts of Prince Pedro, who declared Brazil's independence in 1822 and was able to peacefully negotiate with the Portuguese government for recognition of Brazil as a sovereign nation.

Question 4

Brazil's electoral system uses&#10;A)single-member districts with plurality.&#10;B)closed-list proportional representation.&#10;C)a mixed electoral system.&#10;D)open-list proportional representation.

Accepted Answer

Brazil's electoral system for legislative elections uses open-list proportional representation, where voters can vote for either a party or an individual candidate, and seats are allocated proportionally based on the total votes each party receives.

Question 5

Latin American populists like Get&#250;lio Vargas&#10;A)mobilized urban workers.&#10;B)allied with agrarian elites.&#10;C)were supportive of communists.&#10;D)weakened the central state.

Accepted Answer

Latin American populists like Getúlio Vargas focused on mobilizing urban workers, often through the creation of labor unions and social welfare programs. While they sometimes worked with agrarian elites to gain political support, their primary focus was on improving the status of working-class urban populations. They generally did not support communists and in fact often repressed leftist political movements. Additionally, rather than weakening the central state, many populists in Latin America worked to strengthen it by increasing government control over economic and social affairs.

Question 6

Slavery ended in Brazil&#10;A)because of a slave rebellion against whites.&#10;B)only in the early twentieth century.&#10;C)after a civil war similar to that of the United States.&#10;D)peacefully,by royal decree.

Accepted Answer

Slavery was abolished in Brazil on May 13, 1888, through a peaceful royal decree. The decree was signed by Princess Isabel, daughter of Emperor Pedro II, and it abolished slavery throughout the country. There were no major rebellions or wars that led to the end of slavery in Brazil.

Question 7

Brazil's military regime after 1964 was a(n)&#10;A)Communist regime.&#10;B)illiberal democracy.&#10;C)populist dictatorship.&#10;D)bureaucratic authoritarian regime.

Accepted Answer

Brazil's military regime after 1964 was a bureaucratic authoritarian regime. This regime was characterized by a highly centralized and repressive state, with strict censorship, restrictions on civil liberties, and a deeply entrenched militarized bureaucracy controlling all aspects of society. The regime was not communist, and it was not a democracy, as elections were suspended and political parties were banned. While populist elements were present early on in the regime's rule, it ultimately became known for its technocratic, bureaucratic style of governance.

Question 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes Brazilian political culture?&#10;A)Just barely over half of Brazilians express satisfaction with democracy in their country.&#10;B)Most Brazilians view democracy as preferable to any other system of government.&#10;C)Most Brazilians identify strongly with an individual party and as a whole have grown very politically polarized in the last two decades.&#10;D)Brazilians have very low levels of confidence in political parties but are not ideologically polarized.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements accurately describes...

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding the Brazilian military is accurate?&#10;A)Da Silva's Truth Commission resulted in the first imprisonment of Brazil's military leaders since the end of their formal rule.&#10;B)President da Silva tested the military's loyalty by presiding over a broad decrease in military spending.&#10;C)The military successfully engineered a full amnesty for itself concerning human rights abuses during military rule.&#10;D)The military officers most closely connected to the military's authoritarian regime continue to hold top posts in the armed forces.

Accepted Answer

The Brazilian military successfully engineered a full amnesty for itself concerning human rights abuses during military rule. This occurred in the early 2010s and remains in effect, meaning that military leaders cannot be held accountable for their actions during authoritarian rule.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about government corruption in Brazil is accurate?&#10;A)President Rousseff's hard stance against corruption was undermined by numerous corruption allegations against members of her cabinet.&#10;B)President da Silva's administration has been the only one in recent decades to escape corruption allegations.&#10;C)The electoral system forces high accountability for individual legislators,which pushes corruption into the executive.&#10;D)President Rousseff was unsuccessfully impeached due to corruption charges.

Accepted Answer

President Rousseff's administration was plagued with corruption allegations, leading to the impeachment proceedings against her. Despite her efforts to tackle corruption, members of her cabinet were accused of involvement in corrupt activities, undermining her stance against corruption.

Question 11

What has been a major problem for Brazil's Federal Supreme Court since the return of democracy?&#10;A)a crushing caseload&#10;B)declining independence&#10;C)an inability to overturn legislation&#10;D)extreme partisanship

Accepted Answer

The answer of What has been a major problem for...

Question 12

What has been the most controversial aspect of affirmative action in Brazil?&#10;A)racial quotas at public universities&#10;B)racial quotas in the state bureaucracy&#10;C)affirmative action in the diplomatic corps&#10;D)cash payments for indigenous workers that have lost jobs

Accepted Answer

The answer of What has been the most controversial aspect...

Question 13

What is the Bolsa Familia?&#10;A)program to encourage &#34;catchall&#34; parties of the political center&#10;B)program to pay monthly cash stipends to Brazil's poorest families&#10;C)program to push through electoral reforms and reduce political party fragmentation in Brazil&#10;D)largely unsuccessful antipoverty program that failed to reduce inequality

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the Bolsa Familia?&#10;A)program to encourage...

Question 14

How do both the Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB)and the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)differ from the Democrats (DEM)?&#10;A)Both lack a regional focus.&#10;B)Both lack a strong ideological orientation.&#10;C)Both hold much smaller,weaker positions in the national legislature.&#10;D)Both are more committed to free-market principles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do both the Party of the...

Question 15

Brazil's Second Republic was&#10;A)polarized between supporters and opponents of Get&#250;lio Vargas.&#10;B)buoyed by a very strong economy.&#10;C)a stable democracy that continues to the present.&#10;D)a dictatorship run by the military.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brazil's Second Republic was&#10;A)polarized between supporters and...

Question 16

Which of the following has resulted from the persistent lack of legislative majorities in Brazil?&#10;A)fewer uses of line-item vetoes&#10;B)more overrides of presidential vetoes&#10;C)presidential legislating by emergency decree&#10;D)reduced use of congressional hearings

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has resulted from...

Question 17

The rapid settlement and development of Brazil's interior in the eighteenth century occurred due to&#10;A)overpopulation on the coast.&#10;B)a desire to enslave indigenous Brazilians.&#10;C)the depletion of the rain forest.&#10;D)the discovery of gold and diamonds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rapid settlement and development of Brazil's...

Question 18

In which of the following ways does the Brazilian Federal Senate's power differ from that of the Chamber of Deputies?&#10;A)The Senate plays a key role in executive policy making.&#10;B)The Senate has the power to approve top presidential appointments.&#10;C)The Senate can override presidential vetoes with a majority vote.&#10;D)The Senate can amend the constitution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which of the following ways does...

Question 19

Brazil's political party system&#10;A)is a two-party system like that of the United States.&#10;B)is a three-party system similar to that of the United Kingdom.&#10;C)lacks any clearly defined political parties.&#10;D)is badly fragmented,with numerous undisciplined parties.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brazil's political party system&#10;A)is a two-party system...

Question 20

What were the findings of the Truth Commission in 2014?&#10;A)recommendation to slash the military budget&#10;B)recommendation that 100 military perpetrators be tried for human rights abuses&#10;C)recommendation to create a single civilian Ministry of Defense&#10;D)recommendation to place selection of military commanders under the control of the legislature

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were the findings of the Truth...

Question 21

How has the issue of race evolved in Brazilian political discourse? What has been the effect of affirmative action programs introduced in the 1990s?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How has the issue of race evolved...

Question 22

Describe the Brazilian political party system,and note some of its distinctive features.Why do many scholars blame the structure of the electoral system on Brazil's persistent government corruption?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the Brazilian political party system,and note...

Question 23

Describe the main features of bureaucratic authoritarianism under military rule in Brazil.What legacy of that rule still affects Brazil today?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the main features of bureaucratic authoritarianism...

Question 24

Describe the origins of Brazil's significant social and economic inequality.What was the role of the sugar trade in this development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the origins of Brazil's significant social...

Question 25

Describe the three main problems of Brazil's economy-inflation,public debt,and unemployment.Has democratization had a positive effect on these problems?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the three main problems of Brazil's...

Deck 21: Brazil