Question 1

What do Marx and Engels think will happen when those who own the economy can no longer effectively manage the forces they have created?&#10;A) Society will collapse and people will return to a &#34;state of nature.&#34;&#10;B) They will recognize their errors and shift their attention to protecting the environment.&#10;C) Workers will take over and run the economy for the good of everyone in society.&#10;D) Technology and information systems will take over and do the work of managing

Accepted Answer

Marx and Engels believed that capitalism creates a class struggle between the owners of the means of production and the working class. They believed that eventually, the workers would become aware of their exploitation and would collectively rise up to overthrow the capitalist system. In their vision, the workers would take control of the means of production and run the economy for the benefit of all members of society, rather than just the capitalist class. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 2

According to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, capitalism would lead to conflict between these two groups&#10;A) the people who profit from the ownership of property and the people who work for a wage or a salary.&#10;B) the people living in industrialized nations and the people in nonindustrialized societies.&#10;C) farmers and urban workers.&#10;D) wage earners and the unemployed.

Accepted Answer

According to Marx and Engels, capitalism created a class conflict between the bourgeoisie (owners of property and means of production) and the proletariat (workers who sold their labor for wages). The bourgeoisie sought to exploit the proletariat for their labor, while the proletariat sought fair wages and better working conditions. This conflict would eventually lead to a socialist revolution, where the proletariat overthrows the bourgeoisie and establishes a classless society.

Question 3

When Marx and Engels looked at societies in the past and present, they saw&#10;A) war and perpetual fighting between armies.&#10;B) a machine that could produce abundance.&#10;C) an organism of interdependent parts, all working for a common goal.&#10;D) social divisions between the powerful and those who served the powerful.

Accepted Answer

Marx and Engels saw social divisions between the powerful and those who served the powerful in past and present societies. They believed that these divisions were caused by economic inequality and exploitation. Their theory of communism aimed to create a society where these divisions were eliminated by giving workers control over the means of production.

Question 4

According to Marx and Engels, those who control the economy of a capitalist society&#10;A) are inherently conservative and cautious about social and economic change.&#10;B) have no interest in politics or power, but are content only to make money.&#10;C) live very affluent lifestyles and frequently present themselves as celebrities.&#10;D) are constantly in search of new global markets.

Accepted Answer

Marx and Engels argued that the capitalist class (bourgeoisie) is driven by the need to constantly expand markets to sustain profits, leading them to explore and exploit new markets globally. This is a fundamental aspect of their analysis of capitalism's dynamics.

Question 5

Which nineteenth-century scholar argued that social change is driven by economic power rather than ideas, religion, beliefs, or values?&#10;A) Karl Marx&#10;B) George Herbert Mead&#10;C) Emile Durkheim&#10;D) Max Weber

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx argued that social change is driven by economic power rather than ideas, religion, beliefs, or values. He believed that economic relationships between classes were the primary determinant of societal structure and that social change would only occur through the emergence of a new, dominant economic class overthrowing the existing one.

Question 6

Marx and Engels argue that the modern ruling class has created the conditions for&#10;A) nuclear war.&#10;B) its own destruction by the working class.&#10;C) democracy.&#10;D) authoritarian rule.

Accepted Answer

Marx and Engels argue that the modern ruling class's exploitation of the working class and creation of economic inequality will lead to a revolution by the working class that will ultimately overthrow the ruling class and create a more equal society. This is known as the Marxist theory of class struggle.

Deck 25: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Manifest of the Communist Party