Deck 2: The Critical Approach

Question 1

Companies like Coca-Cola, Green Peace, and Amazon are considered political sites because ______.

A) they support a democratic government process
B) they are objective structures with limited levels of control
C) they focus on increasing the way people think and feel in the organization
D) they consist of different underlying vested interests with different consequences

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Karl Marx did not celebrate capitalism because of the exploitive nature. The ______ economic system or mode of ownership was free from exploitation.

A) ancient
B) feudal
C) tribal
D) capitalist

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The "Cult of Domemesticity" was ______.

A) a movement to stop the domestication of women
B) rooted in the ideas of service, purity, and piety
C) emerged as part of the fight for voting rights
D) allowed women to go to special women-only colleges

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Frankfurt School members were most concerned about the growing dominance of which type of reasoning?

A) emotional
B) instrumental
C) progressive
D) reflective

Question 5

The $1 billion Facebook paid to acquire Instagram in 2012 was based on Instagram's ______.

A) common value
B) exchange value
C) surplus value
D) use value

Question 6

______ defined culture as experienced lived, experienced interpreted, and experience defined.

A) Antonio Gramsci
B) Karl Marx
C) Stan Deetz
D) Stuart Hall

Question 7

The ability to question common sense assumptions about the world is done through the development of ______.

A) historical belief systems
B) social change exercises
C) sympathetic expressions in male-dominated world
D) critical communication capacities

Question 8

The term used to describe a great deal of neo-Marxist theory and research based on the ideas of the Frankfurt School is ______.

A) critical theory
B) economic determinism
C) semiotics
D) social constructionism

Question 9

McDonaldization, the term used to describe the proliferation of prepackaged, instant, easily consumable products and lifestyles, would be associated most closely with which one of the following concepts?

A) the cultural studies' systems of representation
B) the Frankfurt School's culture industry
C) Marx's economic determinism
D) social control

Question 10

According to the communicative construction of organization approach, which of the following forms of communication is able to shape organizational members' behavior in significant ways?

A) isolation
B) organizational mission statement
C) newspapers
D) research documents

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of what Karl Marx identified as surplus value?

A) A worker increases her rate of production but does not get a corresponding raise in pay.
B) A person works a second job because he has additional time in the evenings.
C) A company is owned by the workers who share equally in any profits the company makes.
D) An auto mechanic uses his skills in his free time to help his neighbor fix his car.

Question 12

Nintendogs is a Nintendo game in which you take care of, train, and bond with an adorable (virtual) puppy. The availability of everything, including virtual puppy ownership, to be bought and sold is a property of capitalism called ______.

A) commodification
B) corporatization
C) hegemony
D) materialism

Question 13

Which of the following rejected the distinction between high and low culture?

A) cultural studies
B) the Frankfurt School
C) Karl Marx
D) Kurt Lewin

Question 14

The Feudal system was characterized by agricultural production, aristocratic ownership, and ______.

A) little division of labor
B) enclosure laws that privatized land
C) a hunter-gatherer system of production
D) a class system consisting of serfs

Question 15

Jobs in media design, advertising, and PR are considered to be part of the ______.

A) new culture industries
B) high and low culture
C) capitalism
D) growth industry

Question 16

Common sense thinking can often reflect ______.

A) restraint limited world views
B) argumentativeness and lack of compromise
C) purposeful thought
D) tradition and reproduction of the status quo

Question 17

'No collar' work is grounded in creativity but is also characterized by ______.

A) skilled laborers
B) corporate ownership
C) a demanding work schedule
D) work-life balance

Question 18

The ability to understand how we experience the world in terms politics, capitalism, and power are best understood from which one of the following schools of critical theory?

A) cultural studies
B) Frankfurt School
C) Karl Marx
D) consumerism

Question 19

Which of the following envisioned popular culture as something that was administered from above as an instrument of social control?

A) cultural studies
B) the Frankfurt School
C) Karl Marx
D) classical studies

Question 20

According to the critical perspective, organizations are ______.

A) entities constructed by powerful capitalists in order to increase wealth
B) political sites in which competing interests are equally represented
C) institutions that are key in the development of our identities
D) sites in which ethics are generally irrelevant

Question 21

For the most part, organizations do not exercise power coercively but engage in unobtrusive control.

Question 22

Analysis through historical materialism looks at the shifts in property ownership and class relationships.

Question 23

According to Marx, capitalism would naturally evolve into socialism.

Question 24

Marx's theory of ______ analyzes history according to different modes of production.

Question 25

The approach that explores the ways in which economics, culture, and politics interact to create social reality is called Marxism.

Question 26

The source of profit for the capitalism is the difference between the value of the labor power as purchased and the action value produced by the laborer, which Marx refers to as ______.

Question 27

The spread of corporate ideologies and discourses to every aspect of our lives, including who we are as human beings, has been labeled ______.

Question 28

A Sandals resort vacation is an example of how the "culture industry" operates to rationalize a product or experience.

Question 29

The idea that the nature of society is causally determined by its economic foundation is called ______.

Question 30

According to cultural studies, popular culture, which includes phenomena such as movies based on comic books or the music of Brittney Spears, is a source of serious objects of study.

Question 31

Discursive closure extends the ways in which people can think, feel, experience, speak, and act in their organizations.

Question 32

Members of the Frankfurt School were interested in what they termed the ______: the mass production of popular culture, administered from above, that creates needs in people that they would not otherwise have.

Question 33

Researchers in the ______ tradition take popular culture as a serious object of study, examining the complex ways in which it structures social reality.

Question 34

______ is a system of attitudes, beliefs, ideas, perceptions, and values that structure reality.

Question 35

In the system ______, workers are "expropriated," because they do not own the means of production, they must sell their labor power in order to survive.

Question 36

According to the Frankfurt School, how we see reality depends on the ideas of those who control the means of production. In other words, the ruling material force in society is the ruling intellectual force.

Question 37

According to all three schools of thought (Marx, Frankfurt School, and cultural studies), there is always and inevitably resistance to capitalist control.

Question 38

The work of ______ is a common thread that runs through all the variations of the critical approach.

Question 39

Organizations that value collective power share the decision-making responsibilities.

Question 40

A group maintains ______ when it is able to create a worldview that other people and groups actively support, even though that worldview may not be in their interests.