Deck 25: Immunization and Vaccines

Question 1

Trastuzumab,an antibody used in the treatment of breast cancer with an overexpression of the HER2 marker,is an example of a

A) mouse monoclonal antibody.
B) chimeric antibody.
C) humanized antibody.
D) fully human antibody.

Answer 1

humanized antibody.

Question 2

An inactivated vaccine is used clinically to prevent:

A) chickenpox.
B) measles.
C) mumps.
D) influenza.

Answer 2

influenza.

Question 3

A mother provides immunity to her unborn child in the womb via which process?

A) Active immunity
B) Passive immunity
C) Adoptive immunity
D) Adoptive immunotherapy

Answer 3

Passive immunity

Question 4

An adverse reaction to a vaccine can involve hypersensitivity or an allergic reaction.

Question 5

Match the term with its definition.

Inactivated vaccine

A) Vaccine produced by incorporating a gene from a pathogenic microorganism into the genome of nonpathogenic bacteria, yeast, or other cells
B) Vaccine in which intact, killed viruses or bacteria retain antigenic properties to induce a predominantly humoral immune response
C) The use of bacteria or viruses that have been weakened
D) Chemically inactivated bacterial exotoxins that induce the production of antibodies

Question 6

Human immune serum globulin is made from the pooled serum of thousands of donors.

Question 7

Why is alum incorporated into many of the vaccines used today?

A) It induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines at the injection site.
B) It reduces the chance for hypersensitivity to occur after exposure to the vaccine.
C) It reduces interference by maternal antibodies.
D) It allows for the combination of multiple vaccines into a single injection.

Question 8

A patient with leukemia is scheduled for a bone marrow transplant.Which type of immunity is provided via this procedure?

A) Passive immunity
B) Active immunity
C) Adoptive immunity
D) Active disease

Question 9

Match the term with its definition.

Toxoid vaccine

A) Vaccine produced by incorporating a gene from a pathogenic microorganism into the genome of nonpathogenic bacteria, yeast, or other cells
B) Vaccine in which intact, killed viruses or bacteria retain antigenic properties to induce a predominantly humoral immune response
C) The use of bacteria or viruses that have been weakened
D) Chemically inactivated bacterial exotoxins that induce the production of antibodies

Question 10

An effective method of acquiring immunity is through the method of community immunity.

Question 11

The first widely used vaccine,promoted by Edward Jenner,was designed to prevent what disease?

A) Cowpox
B) Smallpox
C) Chickenpox
D) Rubella

Question 12

Match the term with its definition.

Attenuation

A) Vaccine produced by incorporating a gene from a pathogenic microorganism into the genome of nonpathogenic bacteria, yeast, or other cells
B) Vaccine in which intact, killed viruses or bacteria retain antigenic properties to induce a predominantly humoral immune response
C) The use of bacteria or viruses that have been weakened
D) Chemically inactivated bacterial exotoxins that induce the production of antibodies

Question 13

Match the term with its definition.

Recombinant protein vaccine

A) Vaccine produced by incorporating a gene from a pathogenic microorganism into the genome of nonpathogenic bacteria, yeast, or other cells
B) Vaccine in which intact, killed viruses or bacteria retain antigenic properties to induce a predominantly humoral immune response
C) The use of bacteria or viruses that have been weakened
D) Chemically inactivated bacterial exotoxins that induce the production of antibodies

Question 14

Match the type of immunity with its definition.
Passive immunity

A) Immunization with a specific antigen
B) Transfer of antibodies from immunized host to nonimmune host
C) Transfer of cells, usually lymphocytes, from an immune host to a nonimmune host

Question 15

Match the type of immunity with its definition.
Active immunity

A) Immunization with a specific antigen
B) Transfer of antibodies from immunized host to nonimmune host
C) Transfer of cells, usually lymphocytes, from an immune host to a nonimmune host

Question 16

Match the type of immunity with its definition.
Adoptive immunity

A) Immunization with a specific antigen
B) Transfer of antibodies from immunized host to nonimmune host
C) Transfer of cells, usually lymphocytes, from an immune host to a nonimmune host

Question 17

Passive immunization with RhoGAM can be used to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn in infants born to Rh-negative mothers because

A) immunoglobulins can sometimes have immunosuppressive effects.
B) RhoGAM contains anti-toxins.
C) RhoGAM provides these newborns with temporary immunity.
D) Rh-negative cells can be found in the RhoGAM preparation.

Question 18

Hypersensitivity responses to vaccines have been known to develop by all of the following mechanisms except for:

A) type I hypersensitivity.
B) type II hypersensitivity.
C) type III hypersensitivity.
D) type IV hypersensitivity.

Question 19

A student receives a vaccine for measles before starting elementary school.This would stimulate:

A) passive immunity.
B) active immunity.
C) adoptive immunity.
D) active disease.

Question 20

Suppose you are a graduate student working in a research laboratory that focuses on the development of new vaccines.Your faculty mentor asks you to play a key role in the development of a vaccine for a novel pathogen by using reverse vaccinology.Your project design should involve:

A) screening the genome of the pathogen to identify genes that code for potential vaccine targets.
B) culturing the organism, isolating proteins that could serve as vaccine antigens, and cloning the genes for those proteins.
C) developing a universal vaccine that could provide broad protection against a group of related organisms.
D) using a prime-boost strategy to stimulate an effective immune response.

Question 21

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an example of adoptive immunity.

Question 22

Passive immunity involves the activation of IgD.