Deck 7: Behavioral Influences on Attitudes

Question 1

The idea that a slight act of compliance increases the likelihood of complying with a larger request is known as the ______.

A)implicit compliance effect
B)door-in-the-face effect
C)foot-in-the-door effect
D)induced compliance effect

Answer 1

foot-in-the-door effect

Question 2

According to self-perception theory (Bem.1967).which of the following statements is true?

A)People sometimes infer their attitude from their behavior.
B)People always know their attitude.
C)People always infer their attitude from their behavior.
D)People fail to consider the implications of their attitudes.

Answer 2

People sometimes infer their attitude from their behavior.

Question 3

Harmon-Jones and Harmon-Jones (2002)argue that Brehm's (1956)post-choice spreading effect best reflects ______.

A)a desire to possess the right attitude
B)exemplar stability
C)effort justification
D)action orientation

Answer 3

action orientation

Question 4

Which of these statements is true?

A)Attitudes can affect memory of past behavior.
B)Attitudes only predict behavior when they are highly accessible.
C)Behavior-based attitudes underlie self-perception effects.
D)Hypocrisy changes behavior only among people with ambivalent attitudes.

Question 5

Based on the role playing studies by Janis and Mann (1965)and Janis and King (1954).______.

A)smokers who were randomly assigned to play the role of a lung cancer patient later reported more negative attitudes toward smoking than did smokers who had been asked to listen to an audiotape of this role play
B)people who were randomly assigned to argue in favor of a particular stance on an issue (e.g..legalized abortion)subsequently become more favorable toward the position that they had supported
C)role players search their memory for prior knowledge that supports their role
D)all of these

Question 6

Zanna and Cooper (1974)showed that participants who freely wrote a counter-attitudinal essay changed their attitude most when they believed that a pill would make them feel ______.

A)aroused
B)sad
C)relaxed
D)angry

Question 7

Holland.Verplanken.and van Knippenburg (2002)found that ______.

A)strong attitudes are more likely to predict behavior than are weak attitudes
B)weak attitudes are more likely to follow behavior than are strong attitudes
C)neither strong attitudes are more likely to predict behavior than are weak attitudes nor weak attitudes are more likely to follow behavior than are strong attitudes
D)strong attitudes are more likely to predict behavior than are weak attitudes and that weak attitudes are more likely to follow behavior than are strong attitudes

Question 8

Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)showed that ______.

A)hardship influences attitudes
B)the lower the justification for performing a behavior.the more favourable the attitude
C)the greater the justification for performing a behavior.the more favourable the attitude
D)effort justification effects generalize to weight loss

Question 9

Which of these statements are correct?

A)Self-perception explains attitude change following behavioral commitment beyond our latitude of acceptance.
B)Dissonance explains attitude change following behavioral commitment beyond our latitude of acceptance.
C)Self-perception explains attitude change; dissonance does not.
D)Hypocrisy explains attitude change following behavioral commitment beyond our latitude of acceptance.

Question 10

Chaiken and Baldwin (1981)found that ______.

A)when participants indicated their attitude toward protecting the environment.there were no self-perception effects
B)the self-perception effect was obtained only among those individuals who initially had weak attitudes about protecting the environment
C)the self-perception effect was obtained only among those individuals who initially had extreme attitudes about protecting the environment
D)when participants had been reminded of their positive behaviors.they reported less favorable environmental attitudes than participants who had been reminded of their negative behaviors

Question 11

Regan and Fazio (1977)found that attitudes based on direct experience were more ______.

A)resistant to change
B)likely to predict behavior
C)extreme
D)all of these

Question 12

Albaraccín and Wyer (2000)demonstrated that self-perception effects ______.

A)occur when people have weak attitudes
B)occur when people merely believe they have performed a behavior
C)are due to cognitive dissonance
D)result in ambivalent attitudes

Question 13

Self-affirmation processes help to understand the ______.

A)self-perception of attitudes
B)effects of dissonance on choice
C)effects of behavior on induced compliance
D)effects of baseline arousal on vicarious hypocrisy

Question 14

People exhibit a weighting bias in their incorporation of new information within their attitudes.such that negative information about an object ______.

A)has a stronger influence than positive information about it
B)is discounted in the face of positive information about it
C)is forgotten more quickly than positive information about it
D)primes positive information about it

Question 15

Research has found evidence that attitudes can be learned through vicarious self-perception.which occurs when we infer ______.

A)our own attitudes by observing the freely performed actions of others.with whom we identify
B)the attitudes of those with whom we identify by observing our own freely performed behavior
C)the functions of our own attitudes by examining the circumstances predicting others' behavior
D)the affective content of our own attitudes by examining our memories for our interactions with others