Deck 10: Bone Healing

Question 1

What is Wolff's law?

A) Intermittent physiologic loads stimulate bone production; lack of mechanical forces on bone reduces bone mass
B) Compression forces limit bone growth,whereas tensile stress stimulates growth
C) Constant physiologic loads inhibit bone production; a lack of mechanical forces on bone enhances bone mass
D) All of the above

Answer 1

Intermittent physiologic loads stimulate bone production; lack of mechanical forces on bone reduces bone mass

Question 2

When does bone remodeling occur?

A) Only after an injury or fracture
B) Up to age 4
C) Continually over life
D) Up to age 50

Answer 2

Continually over life

Question 3

Which occurs first in the process of bone healing?

A) Bleeding occurs,and a hematoma results
B) Soft callus forms
C) Osteoblasts produce new bone
D) Callus is reabsorbed

Answer 3

Bleeding occurs,and a hematoma results

Question 4

Which type of bone is less dense and has the highest metabolic activity?

A) Cancellous
B) Cortical
C) Compact
D) Long

Question 5

Which type of fracture might be seen spontaneously in an older person with osteoporosis?

A) Avulsion
B) Compound
C) Pathologic
D) Transverse

Question 6

Which type of fracture occurs only in children?

A) Avulsion
B) Compound
C) Epiphyseal
D) Transverse

Question 7

What percent of cardiac output does the adult skeletal system receive?

A) 1-2
B) 2-4
C) 5-10
D) 15-25

Question 8

What happens when the osteoclast activity is greater than the osteoblast activity?

A) Bone formation is enhanced
B) Bones weaken and are subject to greater rates of fracture
C) Nothing; this is normal
D) None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following affects bone healing?

A) Cigarette smoking
B) Malnutrition
C) Calorie deprivation
D) Infection
E) All of the above

Question 10

At what age is the skeleton mostly mature bone?

A) 1 month
B) 2 years
C) 4 years
D) 12 years

Question 11

Which type of fracture is described as a fracture where a portion of the bone is pulled away as a part of a musculotendinous attachment or ligament-bone attachment?

A) Avulsion
B) Compound
C) Epiphyseal
D) Transverse

Question 12

Which bone cell is found on a bony surface and synthesizes type I collagen?

A) Osteoblast
B) Osteocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) All of the above

Question 13

Which bone cell represents 90% of mature skeletal tissue and functions to control extracellular concentrations of calcium and phosphorus?

A) Osteoblast
B) Osteocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) All of the above

Question 14

What happens in primary fracture healing?

A) External periosteal soft tissue callus bridges between fracture fragments
B) The new bone grows across the bone ends to unite the fracture site
C) A callus forms that is larger (wider)than the two opposing bones
D) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?

A) Age (>40)
B) Gender (female)
C) Postmenopausal
D) Obesity

Question 16

Which of the following complications of bone healing is described as bone healing in a nonanatomic position?

A) Pathologic
B) Malunion
C) Nonunion
D) Delayed union

Question 17

Which type of bone protects internal organs,is compact with a layer of spongy bone,and is often curved?

A) Irregular
B) Flat
C) Short
D) Long

Question 18

Which type of bone is tube shaped with widenings at each end with intermedullary canals where blood cells are formed?

A) Irregular
B) Flat
C) Short
D) Long

Question 19

What is the arrangement of bone around the vascular channel that is irregular and branching?

A) Lamellar bone
B) Osteon
C) Cancellous bone
D) Cortical bone

Question 20

Which bone cell synthesizes acid phosphatase enzyme and hydrogen ions that allow other bone cells to bind to bone?

A) Osteoblast
B) Osteocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) All of the above