Deck 19: Genetic and Developmental Diseases and Disorders

Question 1

Myelomeningocele is the most common and least serious form of spina bifida.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In the child with hydrocephalus,the head fails to grow as the child grows.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (MD)is passed from father to daughter.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Early intervention in hydrocephalus ensures a good prognosis.

Question 5

Hydrocephalus is caused by an obstruction of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid out of the brain.

Question 6

Approximately 5 percent of all newborns have significant congenital defects.

Question 7

Cerebral palsy affects females more frequently than males.

Question 8

The treatment of choice for hydrocephalus is surgical correction.

Question 9

The cause of clubfoot is thought to be genetic factors or the fetal position in utero.

Question 10

If left undiagnosed,child abuse may be suspected in children suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta.

Question 11

Treatment for congenital hip dislocation is always surgical.

Question 12

An atrial septal defect is commonly due to the failure of the foramen magnum to close at birth.

Question 13

Early diagnosis and improved surgical correction of congenital heart defects have significantly reduced mortality in infants born with these defects.

Question 14

Muscular dystrophy is an inherited disease.

Question 15

Surgical intervention to correct a meningocele is done during the first month of life.

Question 16

Ventricular septal defects account for 40 to 50 percent of all heart defects.

Question 17

Treatment for clubfoot is surgical repair to strengthen the feet.

Question 18

A ventricular septal defect is the most common heart defect.

Question 19

A meningocele occurs when the meninges of the spinal cord protrude through the opening in the vertebral column,forming a fluid-filled sac on the skin.

Question 20

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (MD)is also called pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy.

Question 21

Environmental causes of congenital defects include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) medication.
B) genetics.
C) maternal radiation.
D) metabolic disorders.

Question 22

Diagnosis of muscular dystrophy is made by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) a physical examination.
B) an X-ray.
C) a muscle biopsy.
D) an EMG.

Question 23

Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of three defects of the heart.

Question 24

Symptoms of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy include:

A) a waddling gait.
B) a staggering gait.
C) kyphosis.
D) an abnormal strength of the pelvic muscles.

Question 25

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder characterized by:

A) brittle bones.
B) soft bones.
C) mineralized bones.
D) porous bones.

Question 26

An imperforate anus is the failure of the anus to connect to the sigmoid colon.

Question 27

Tests to diagnose prenatal disorders include:

A) ultrasonography.
B) amniotic fluid analysis.
C) maternal blood analysis.
D) all of the above.

Question 28

In an attempt to maintain mobility and quality of life in children with muscular dystrophy (MD),all of the following are used EXCEPT:

A) leg braces.
B) physical therapy.
C) splints.
D) exercise.

Question 29

Phenylketonuria (PKU)is preventable by controlling maternal risk factors.

Question 30

There are no known preventive measures for pyloric stenosis.

Question 31

Congenital hip dislocation occurs as a result of:

A) improper positioning of the fetus in the uterus prior to birth.
B) maternal hormones that relax the joint ligaments of the infant.
C) improper position of the fetus during the birth process.
D) all of the above.

Question 32

Signs of osteogenesis imperfecta include:

A) frequent fractures.
B) blue coloration of the sclera of the eyes.
C) otosclerotic deafness.
D) all of the above.

Question 33

Children suffering from autism always recover.

Question 34

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common malformation of the GI tract.

Question 35

Surgical repair is the treatment of choice in patients with tetralogy of Fallot.

Question 36

The only prevention for cleft lip and palate is to control maternal risk factors.

Question 37

Stuttering is a physiological condition and cannot be corrected.

Question 38

Muscular dystrophy is characterized by:

A) muscles that are unable to store protein.
B) muscle fibers that die and are replaced with fat and connective tissue.
C) muscles that digress from weak to useless.
D) all of the above.

Question 39

Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the descending,or thoracic,aorta.

Question 40

The obstruction causing hydrocephalus may be caused by:

A) a tumor.
B) a congenital defect.
C) an infection.
D) all of the above.

Question 41

Risk factors for developing congenital heart defects include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) maternal roseola.
B) alcoholism.
C) maternal rubella.
D) poor maternal nutrition.

Question 42

Symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include:

A) clubbing of the fingers and toes.
B) decreased cyanosis as the child ages.
C) resting in a sitting position to breathe easier.
D) frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Question 43

Treatment for cerebral palsy includes:

A) speech therapy.
B) physical therapy.
C) braces.
D) all of the above.

Question 44

Common symptoms of Hirschsprung's disease include:

A) chronic constipation.
B) diarrhea.
C) projectile vomiting.
D) soft,nontender abdomen.

Question 45

General characteristics of Turner syndrome include:

A) increased fertility.
B) long,slender neck.
C) amenorrhea.
D) gigantism.

Question 46

The forms of spina bifida include:

A) spina bifida occulta.
B) meningocele.
C) myelomeningocele.
D) all of the above.

Question 47

Cystic fibrosis affects all of the following structures EXCEPT the:

A) pancreas.
B) lungs.
C) thyroid.
D) sweat glands.

Question 48

Signs of hydrocephalus include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) bulging eyes.
B) a shrill high-pitched cry.
C) a weak cry.
D) prominent head veins.

Question 49

Current treatment for Wilms' tumor includes:

A) surgery only.
B) surgery and radiation.
C) radiation and chemotherapy.
D) surgery and chemotherapy.

Question 50

Symptoms of pyloric stenosis include:

A) symptoms beginning 6 to 8 weeks after birth.
B) projectile vomiting.
C) normal weight gain.
D) occasional spitting up with burps.

Question 51

Possible causes of cerebral palsy include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) anoxia.
B) toxemia.
C) hyperoxemia.
D) head trauma.

Question 52

Risk factors for developing spina bifida include:

A) maternal radiation.
B) a virus.
C) genetic factors.
D) all of the above.

Question 53

Cerebral palsy is caused by an inadequate blood or oxygen supply to the brain during:

A) fetal development.
B) the birthing process.
C) infancy.
D) all of the above.

Question 54

Common symptoms of a myelomeningocele include:

A) paralysis of the legs.
B) bowel and bladder incontinence.
C) skeletal malformation.
D) all of the above.

Question 55

The defects involved in tetralogy of Fallot include:

A) pulmonary valve stenosis.
B) right ventricular hypertrophy.
C) ventricular septal defect.
D) all of the above.

Question 56

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis include:

A) excessive sweating.
B) weight loss.
C) loss of a large amount of sodium.
D) all of the above.

Question 57

Complications of cerebral palsy include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) visual and hearing deficits.
B) normal mentality.
C) mental disability.
D) seizure disorders.

Question 58

General physical features of Klinefelter's syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) a small penis and testicles.
B) a broad neck.
C) sterility.
D) decreased muscle development.