Deck 6: Anthropometry

Question 1

Which of the following assumptions has the greatest potential for being a significant source of error in estimating body composition from skinfold measurements?

A)The compressibility of a double thickness of skin and subcutaneous tissue is constant.
B)The thickness of skin is a negligible or constant fraction of the skinfold.
C)The fat content of adipose tissue is constant.
D)The proportion of internal fat to external fat is constant.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD)measurement is a simple anthropometric index of ________.

A)visceral adiposity
B)gynoid obesity
C)female-type
D)lower body

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A person is 5 feet,5 inches tall and weighs 192 pounds.Which of the following correctly represent this person's body mass index?

A)24
B)28
C)32
D)34

Answer 3

C

Question 4

An 18-year-old female whose BMI is 31 kg/m² but whose BMI for sex and age is at the 93rd percentile would be considered ________.

A)underweight
B)healthy weight
C)overweight
D)obese

Question 5

The sagittal abdominal diameter is measured at the height of the ________ with the participant in a supine position,knees bent and feet flat on an examination table.

A)L5 vertebrae
B)iliac crest
C)mid-axillary rib
D)tip of the sternum

Question 6

Which of the following correctly expresses body mass index (Quetelet's index)?

A)Height in meters ÷ weight in kilograms (m ÷ kg)
B)Height in meters ÷ weight in kilograms squared (m ÷ kg²)
C)Weight in kg ÷ height in meters (kg ÷ m)
D)Weight in kg ÷ height in meters squared (kg ÷ m²)

Question 7

When estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance,dehydration caused by insufficient water intake,excessive perspiration,heavy exercise,or alcohol use can result in ________.

A)an overestimation of fat mass
B)an underestimation of fat mass
C)no change in the estimate of fat mass
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 8

An adult whose BMI is 22.4 kg/m² would be considered ________.

A)underweight
B)healthy weight
C)overweight
D)obese

Question 9

An alternative to using hydrostatic weighing to directly determine body density is ________.

A)air displacement plethysmography
B)bioelectrical impedance
C)SAD
D)skinfold measurements

Question 10

Hydrostatic weighing is done on two persons who are the same in all respects except that one has a greater residual volume than the other.Residual volume is not measured directly but estimated and assumed to be the same for both people.According to the results from the hydrostatic weighing,the person with the greater residual volume will appear to have ________ percent body fat compared with the person with the smaller residual volume.

A)essentially the same
B)a greater
C)a lower
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Which one of the following is considered to be the most closely correlated with body fatness?

A)Relative weight
B)Hamwi equation
C)Weight/height ratio
D)Quetelet's index

Question 12

A 4-year-old child whose BMI for sex and age is greater than or equal to the 85th percentile but less than the 95th percentile would be considered ________.

A)underweight
B)healthy weight
C)overweight
D)obese

Question 13

According to the Hamwi equation,a 25-year-old female who is 64 inches tall should weigh approximately ________.

A)110 lbs.
B)120 lbs.
C)130 lbs.
D)135 lbs.

Question 14

A 10-year-old whose BMI for sex and age is at the 75th percentile would be considered ________.

A)underweight
B)healthy weight
C)overweight
D)obese

Question 15

An individual has a height of 5 feet 7 inches.How much would this person have to weigh in order to have a body mass index of 23? Select the closest answer.

A)129 lbs.
B)147 lbs.
C)163 lbs.
D)174 lbs.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of parallax?

A)The position of the subject's head when height or length is measured
B)The position of the subject's axial skeleton when height or length is measured
C)The position of the observer's eyes in relation to the scale of a stadiometer when a subject's height is measured
D)The position of the measuring tape on the subject's head when head circumference is measured

Question 17

________ is the only study that collects and publishes national anthropometric measurement estimates for the U.S.population.

A)Ten-State Nutrition Survey
B)NHANES
C)BRFSS
D)ERS Food Availability

Question 18

A high-risk waist circumference for a male is greater than a threshold of ________ inches.

A)35
B)37.5
C)40
D)42.5

Question 19

The "Frankfort plane" refers to ________.

A)the position of the subject's head when height or length is measured
B)the position of the subject's axial skeleton when height or length is measured
C)the position of the observer's eyes in relation to the scale of a stadiometer when a subject's height is measured
D)the position of the measuring tape on the subject's head when head circumference is measured

Question 20

Disease risk is increased in persons with ________ obesity.

A)gynoid
B)android
C)female-type
D)lower body

Question 21

A graphic device with several vertical scales allowing the calculation of certain values when a straightedge is connected between two of the scales and the desired value is read from a third scale is known as a/an __________.

Question 22

The triceps skinfold site is located midway between the lateral projection of the ________ and the olecranon process,with the elbow flexed 90 degrees.

A)inferior border of the scapula
B)xiphisternal junction
C)acromion process
D)midaxillary line

Question 23

A growth chart developed using anthropometric data collected from a large group of infants and children who grew under optimal health and environmental conditions is known as a growth __________.

Question 24

The triceps skinfold measurement alone cannot be used to estimate percent body fat,but it is useful for making comparisons among subjects of the same age and sex when reference data are available.

Question 25

Finish this equation: Target weight = Present fat-free weight ÷ (100% - _______)

A)desired % body fat
B)kg/% body fat
C)lean body mass
D)height

Question 26

The CDC growth charts for children from birth to 24 months were developed using growth standard data.

Question 27

If a stadiometer is not available to measure height,a non-stretchable tape measure securely fastened to a flat,vertical surface such as a wall is an appropriate approach to measuring height.

Question 28

In persons who are very muscular or who have clinically significant edema,body mass index will overestimate body fat content.

Question 29

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation is known as residual volume.

Question 30

If a 7-year-old male's height-for-age was at the 75th percentile,75% of 7-year-old males would be shorter than him.

Question 31

Obese persons having a greater proportion of their body fat located in the upper body and abdominal region compared with that in the hips and thighs,have what is referred to as __________ obesity.

Question 32

In the 4-compartment body composition model,the human body is composed of four chemical groups: water,________,mineral,and fat.

A)vitamins
B)calcium
C)phospholipids
D)protein

Question 33

The American Body Composition Calculator (ABCC)uses sex,ethnicity,age,height,and weight to determine ________.

A)an adjusted BMI
B)lean body mass
C)protein mass
D)body fat percent

Question 34

When using the CDC growth charts for boys and girls ages 2 years to 20 years,either standing height or recumbent length can be appropriately used.

Question 35

Tissues in the body having a high percentage of water and a low percentage of fat are better conductors of electricity than are tissues having a high percentage of fat and a low percentage of water.

Question 36

Opposition to an alternating current is known as __________.

Question 37

Pediatric growth charts based on a growth reference are preferred over growth charts based on a growth standard.

Question 38

During bioelectrical impedance (BIA)body composition measurements,electrical impedance of body tissues is assessed,with the greatest impedance found in ________ tissue.

A)muscle
B)bone
C)fat
D)organ

Question 39

The 50th percentile is considered the average or _______ value for the specific population of interest.

Question 40

A waist circumference of 37 inches in an adult male would be considered high-risk.

Question 41

A device designed to measure stature in children and adults is known as a/an __________.

Question 42

A simple measure of body fat distribution recommended for use by the U.S.National Institutes of Health is __________.

Question 43

When an infant is lying on its back in order to have its length measured,it is said to be in the __________ position.

Question 44

Assessing body composition by measuring the density of the entire body is known as __________.

Question 45

A 15-year-old female whose BMI-for-age is at the 90th percentile would be considered __________.