Deck 5: Rome, From Republic to Empire

Question 1

The office that has been called the "people's champions" was

A)Consuls
B)Senators
C)Centurions
D)Tribunes
E)Censors

Answer 1

Tribunes

Question 2

Discuss Polybius's model of a mixed constitution as he observed it in Roman government.How did it work? Do we see evidence of it in our current government? In what way is it the same or different?

Answer 2

In addition to the student's ability to explain Polybius's model, there should be demonstrated familiarity with actual historical events and institutional development.A good answer will give clear thoughtful examples as to the similarities and differences we see today.

Question 3

Summarize the what, when, and why of the Punic Wars.In what ways did they foreshadow the subsequent course of Roman history?

Answer 3

The main events, dates, causes, and key figures of the wars should be discussed; consequences for Rome include naval development, the acquisition of a western Mediterranean empire, and embarkation on the path to ever-increasing expansion of that empire.

Question 4

The word "Senate" comes from the Latin word meaning

A)Representative Body
B)Common people
C)Aristocracy
D)King
E)Old Man

Question 5

Discuss the causes of the social unrest of the Late Republic and describe the attempts to deal with it, including the role of the dictators who came to power before Julius Caesar.

Question 6

What were some ways in which Roman and Greek family life, including the status of women, differed?

Question 7

All of the following were characteristics of the Romans from origin to Republic to Empire, except they

A)showed great open-mindedness in borrowing from other societies.
B)did not share citizenship with non-Romans.
C)enslaved whole peoples.
D)destroyed whole cites with little provocation.
E)showed great generosity to defeated peoples.

Question 8

Discuss the influence of Greek culture on the Late Republic.To what extent did "Greece conquer its conqueror"? How did the Romans maintain their own identity?

Question 9

Discuss the role of the military in Roman society.How did that role change and develop over the course of time?
B.C.The difficulty of reconciling class and military merit should figure prominently in the answer, with reference to such figures as Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Caesar, and Cicero.

Question 10

A Lictor with fasces symbolized what?

A)The authority to rule and punish
B)The exalted office of the king
C)Tyrannical authority
D)The impotence of a figurehead
E)None of these

Question 11

What limited the executive power of the consuls?

A)term limits of five years
B)dividing the power of the office between two consuls
C)preventing them from military service
D)making them voting members of the assembly
E)taking them solely from the lower classes

Question 12

Polybius argued that the Roman Republic

A)had a mixed constitution with executive, deliberative, and legislative branches.
B)was an oligarchy behind a democratic façade.
C)found its strength in a loose federation of diverse peoples.
D)would inevitably evolve into an imperial autocracy.
E)eventually added a judicial department.

Question 13

Politically, Rome

A)began with a democratic system.
B)started with a republic before evolving into a monarchy.
C)began and always remained a republic.
D)evolved from monarchy to republic to empire.
E)evolved into a constitutional monarchy.

Question 14

Julius Caesar was known as a great general as well as Roman leader.Summarize the career and achievements of Caesar.What reforms did he introduce and why was he murdered?

Question 15

Write a word portrait of the ideal man or woman of the Roman Republic.Include religious outlook and the most prized values and virtues.

Question 16

Which of the following statements does not apply to the Etruscans?

A)They were a brilliant, wealthy, and warlike people whose language has yet to be translated.
B)They elected kings of early Rome.
C)Their elite women could attend nude male athletic contests.
D)Though neighbors, they exerted no influence on Rome.
E)They conquered early Rome.

Question 17

Roman society and culture may be described as

A)a military society similar to Sparta.
B)revolutionary and dynamic but closed to foreign influences.
C)anarchic but militaristic.
D)egalitarian but with elitist tendencies.
E)conservative, pragmatic, and open to foreign influences.

Question 18

The Roman Republic

A)has had a strong influence on the Western civic tradition.
B)mixed popular power with government controlled by wealthy landowners.
C)had an expansionist momentum fueled by fear, ambition, and greed.
D)created much of the present day political terms and vocabulary.
E)All of these

Question 19

The "conflict of the orders" was

A)the war that followed the overthrow of the king.
B)a prolonged struggle between the patricians and plebeians.
C)a revolt of Roman allies.
D)a serious slave rebellion.
E)an attempt by non-land owning farmers to acquire political power.

Question 20

Which of the following Roman archaeological finds do not pertain to or describe Rome prior to the era of the Republic?

A)Stone highways
B)Remains of a Forum from this era
C)Fortifications on the Palatine
D)Underground caves supporting the evidence of Romulus and a she-wolf
E)Various grave sites and pottery

Question 21

The main goal of the Gracchi, for which they were murdered, was to

A)redistribute land on behalf of the poor.
B)seize power and replace the Republic with a monarchy.
C)replace traditional religion with Greek philosophy.
D)maintain laws prohibiting conspicuous consumption.
E)set themselves up as super-patrons.

Question 22

Compared with the phalanx, the Roman legion was

A)less suited to mountain terrain.
B)less easily maneuvered.
C)rarely successful.
D)more flexible and adaptable.
E)not adaptable to short-range fighting.

Question 23

Vesta was the goddess of

A)The military
B)The State
C)The hearth
D)The farm
E)The hunt

Question 24

A triumph was awarded to

A)Certain generals after great military victories
B)Certain priests after years of service
C)Those who had concluded beneficial peace treaties
D)Spouses upon their marriages
E)Lawgivers who punished criminals

Question 25

The patron-client relationship was basic to Roman society and

A)required that patron and client treat each other with respect and fidelity.
B)meant that patrons would put their clients before their own in-laws.
C)was often extended to conquered countries.
D)was a form of the hierarchy system of Roman society.
E)All of these

Question 26

The head of a Roman family was

A)The father of each individual nuclear family
B)The Paterfamilias
C)The husband and wife together
D)The grandfather
E)The Patron

Question 27

The Twelve Tables were important because

A)they were a victory for plebian rights and protection under the law.
B)they increased the power of the patricians.
C)they created a tax base that reduced the tax on patrician land.
D)any plebian who served in the military was given a small farm upon retirement.
E)they were based on heredity and not on wealth.

Question 28

Which was not a playwright in the late Republic?

A)Plautus
B)Terence
C)Lucilius
D)Cato
E)None of these were playwrights

Question 29

The Lex Hortensia did what?

A)Redistributed Aristocratic land to the plebs
B)Officially combined the patrician and plebeian orders
C)Forced bachelors to marry
D)Restricted employment to one's father's occupation
E)Proscribed Caesar's enemies

Question 30

Women of the Republic were

A)always legally under a man's control but also had much more prestige and freedom than women in Classical Greece.
B)able to acquire their own personal name.
C)in control of society but only "behind the scenes."
D)treated essentially as slaves.
E)able to choose their own husbands.

Question 31

Roman annexation of Carthage, Macedon, and Greece led to

A)a dynamic expansion around the entire Mediterranean.
B)a significant Hellenization of Roman culture.
C)substantial economic growth and social dislocation.
D)the Roman Empire becoming a power on three continents.
E)All of these

Question 32

Roman expansion in Italy was facilitated by

A)the extension of citizenship to annexed peoples.
B)generally benevolent treatment of Rome's allies.
C)the building of roads and the establishment of Roman colonies.
D)increased man power from defeated areas.
E)All of these

Question 33

Referring to the chapter feature, "The Written Record: Spartacus Slave Revolt, " which of the following statements is not correct?

A)The revolt produced a number of important reforms.
B)The revolt attracted many free men to its cause.
C)Spartacus attracted many to his side because he divided the profits among his fighters.
D)The prisoners taken by the Romans were crucified and lined up along the road to Rome.
E)The revolt became a symbol of all those who were suppressed by the Romans.

Question 34

What was the first great Roman road, from Rome to Brundisium?

A)Via Flaminia
B)Via Salaria
C)Via Appia
D)Via Cassia
E)Via Aemilia

Question 35

Which is not a Classical Roman Virtue?

A)Piety
B)Gravity
C)Levity
D)Virility
E)Religious duty

Question 36

Which Macedonian king won battle after battle, but eventually lost to Rome?

A)Hannibal
B)Appius Claudius
C)Antiochus III
D)Pyrrhus of Epirus
E)Scipio

Question 37

The stability of the Late Republic was threatened by all of the following except

A)the impoverishment of the small farmer, who formed the backbone of the Roman army.
B)the growing unwillingness of the elite to subordinate their personal interests and ambitions to the good of society.
C)an other-worldliness spread by foreign religions.
D)the use of armies for domestic political purposes.
E)competition from armies of land-hungry peasants.

Question 38

The victor of the battle of Zama was

A)Publius Cornelius Scipio
B)Hannibal
C)Appius Claudius
D)Pyrrhus of Epirus
E)Philip V

Question 39

What long range weapon made the Roman legion so devastating?

A)Catapault
B)Bow and Arrow
C)Javelin
D)Sling
E)Long pike

Question 40

Rome won the Punic Wars against its greatest rival in the western Mediterranean, which were

A)the Carthaginians.
B)the Greeks.
C)the Etruscans.
D)the Gauls.
E)the Phoenicians.

Question 41

One result of Marius's military reform proposals was

A)increased loyalty of the army to the senate.
B)the unpopularity of Marius with most soldiers.
C)the large-scale distribution of land to soldiers.
D)a shift in soldiers' loyalty from the senate to their commanders.
E)the creation of a permanent professional army composed mostly of defeated peoples.

Question 42

Res Privata literally translates to "public thing."

Question 43

The Western legal tradition has its roots in Rome.An important development in Roman law about the time of Cicero was

A)the interpretation of law by the pontiffs.
B)the adoption of the code of Draco.
C)the emergence of a class of professional legal experts.
D)the influence of the Hebrew Covenant.
E)trial by jury.

Question 44

Patricians were

A)early Rome's hereditary Aristocracy.
B)common citizens.
C)Generals in the army.
D)great merchants.
E)the farming class.

Question 45

The dominant philosophical school among the late Republican upper classes was

A)Epicureanism
B)Cynicism
C)Platonism
D)Stoicism
E)Materialism

Question 46

All of the following can be associated with Spartacus's slave revolt except

A)general social discontent and repeated slave revolts.
B)a serious revolt of Roman allies and several major cities.
C)the defeat of nine Roman armies sent to suppress the revolt.
D)the crucifixion of 6, 000 defeated rebels along the main road to Rome.
E)the elimination of the gladiators.

Question 47

The Po River allowed Rome access to the sea while being 15 miles inland.

Question 48

Who were the members of the first Triumvirate?

A)Caesar, Pompey, and Licinius
B)Cicero, Pompey, and Crassus
C)Cicero, Caesar, and Crassus
D)Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
E)Caesar, Augustus, and Pompey

Question 49

Cornelia was

A)an educated lover of Hellenism.
B)Scipio's mother-in-law.
C)mother of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus.
D)an influential Roman noble women whose letters are wonderful examples of Latin prose.
E)All of these.

Question 50

The primary role of the priesthood in Roman society was to

A)be keeper of the vestal flame
B)establish the "peace of the gods"
C)be augurs.
D)hold local office.
E)work only in the civic temples.

Question 51

The Etruscans were great artists and architects and very religious.

Question 52

The Plebeians were

A)rich Roman leaders.
B)Roman Farmers
C)Etruscan nobles
D)common citizens.
E)Roman nobles.

Question 53

The Oppian Law

A)Put limits on the gold and fine jewelry women could own.
B)Instituted to strengthen the role of the "paterfamilias"
C)Gave women the right to own land
D)Was a rejection of austerity.
E)All of these.

Question 54

The ten tribunes, elected annually by the plebs, had the right to veto any act of the magistrates.

Question 55

The Etruscans defeated the Romans in the early third century
B.C.

Question 56

What group does Gaius Marius add to his brother's coalition in his attempt to break senatorial power?

A)optimates
B)Plebs
C)Military
D)Equestrians
E)Slaves

Question 57

Caesar's account of the Gauls described

A)a division of the elite between druids (priests)and knights.
B)the practice of human sacrifice.
C)the servile status of ordinary people.
D)mostly battles and negotiations.
E)All of these

Question 58

Cicero's advocacy of human brotherhood

A)reflected his preference for Stoicism.
B)manifested itself in a sincere sympathy for the poor.
C)stressed natural law and the divine spark in each person.
D)emphasized the power of the majority.
E)both reflected his preference for Stoicism and stressed natural law and the divine spark in each person.

Question 59

The result of Caesar's assassination was

A)the restoration of the Republic.
B)more upheaval and civil war.
C)an era of peace and equilibrium.
D)the peaceful restoration of the monarchy.
E)the assumption of power by Mark Antony.

Question 60

The most enduring of Sulla's reforms was

A)his reform of the law courts.
B)his assumption of dictatorship.
C)the strengthening of the senate.
D)confiscation and distribution of land to soldiers.
E)placing a term limit on the senate while increasing it in the tribune.

Question 61

Impoverishment of the small farmers, the backbone of the Roman army, was one of the factors that led to the demise of the Late Republic.

Question 62

According to Roman law, the paterfamilias had the right to sell family members into slavery.

Question 63

Vesta was the door god and became the god of the city gates.

Question 64

Cicero was a great advocate of the poor and of democracy.

Question 65

Servilia was the widowed mother of the Gracchus brothers.