Deck 24: Imperialism and Escalating Tensions, 1880-1914

Question 1

Which area was a focus of the "New Imperialism"?

A)Islamic lands in the middle east
B)South America
C)Pacific Islands
D)Africa
E)the Arctic

Answer 1

Africa

Question 2

Summarize the political and economic problems faced by Great Britain, France, and Italy, and discuss how they contributed to governmental weakness and instability.Did Germany suffer from any of the same troubles?

Answer 2

All these countries suffered to some degree from political difficulties (the differences must be specifically described), and economic upheavals plagued France, Italy, and Germany.Germany's unique problem was the personality of William II.

Question 3

"White Man's Burden" refers to

A)the growing awareness and guilt European and American men felt for limiting the life choices of women.
B)a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta about colonial life.
C)the conviction that Westerners had a duty to their colonial subjects.
D)a section of the manifesto of the Indian Congress Party.
E)the competition between European nations to subdue Africa.

Answer 3

the conviction that Westerners had a duty to their colonial subjects.

Question 4

Analyze the dilemma faced by the British government in Ireland.What was meant by home rule, and why was it so strongly opposed by the British? Was it reasonable for the Irish to insist on a united Ireland?

Question 5

Discuss the problems faced by the autocratic countries of Europe and describe how each responded to the rapidly changing world.

Question 6

Which country was new to imperialism in the 1880s?

A)France
B)Belgium
C)Spain
D)Portugal
E)Austria-Hungary

Question 7

Discuss the challenges facing the Russian Empire at the turn of the twentieth century, and explain how the tsarist government attempted to meet them.How could this situation set the stage for revolution?

Question 8

Motives for the new imperialism included all of the following except

A)hopes for new markets abroad.
B)strategic concerns.
C)religious and humanitarian aims.
D)a need to defend Europe against more advanced Asian and African states.
E)an outlet for domestic issues.

Question 9

Referring to the Chronological Chart in this chapter, choose three events that you could merge to make a theme.Explain how these three items support your theme.

Question 10

An exception to the success of European colonial armies was

A)the continued freedom of the Congo from European domination.
B)defeat of the Italians by an Ethiopian army.
C)the successful revolt of Morocco against British rule.
D)the permanent independence of Indochina.
E)the defeat of England in Egypt.

Question 11

Discuss the migration of large numbers of Europeans overseas and their effect on the places in which they settled.Where did most of them go? Why did they leave Europe? What were some ways in which they affected their new environments?

Question 12

What is the concept of "Social Imperialism"?

A)The idea of international cooperation.
B)The maintenance of purely military outposts.
C)The desire for increased international contact and travel.
D)The use of colonies to offload a nation's growing poor.
E)None of these

Question 13

What were some points at which liberalism failed to provide answers to important social questions? What alternative ideologies developed in the early twentieth century? What role did racism play in some ideologies?

Question 14

Show how the Titanic can be an effective metaphor for the West in 1914.

Question 15

One of the causes of the Boxer Rebellion included

A)the determination of the Qing Dynasty to get a bigger share of colonial profits.
B)the clamor from the Chinese public to go to war with Japan.
C)the demand from the Chinese public to westernize.
D)the actions of the "Righteous and Harmonious Fists."
E)Chinese acceptance of Christianity.

Question 16

Which of the following was not a European public reaction to expansion?

A)The public was violently opposed to the exploitation of weaker nations.
B)A strong belief that it was their duty to civilize the inferior races
C)A belief that all Europeans had a common cause and common destiny that separated them from savagery
D)Creating colonial societies in support of expansion
E)Producing a steady stream of propaganda in support of expansion

Question 17

Beneath the surface of the age of optimism and la belle époque lay growing discontent and tensions.These included

A)increased difficulty in achieving political consensus.
B)growing international competition and suspicions.
C)a deepening disillusionment of the intelligentsia.
D)growing militarism.
E)All of these.

Question 18

Imagine Freud, Nietzsche, Bergson, and other late-nineteenth-century intellectuals and artists explaining their ideas in an Enlightenment salon.Present a concise statement of their essential arguments and discuss the points at which rationalists would raise objections.

Question 19

European global imperialism from the 1880s to 1914 included all of the following except

A)massive migrations.
B)growing cooperation among European powers.
C)political control of much of the world.
D)export of European institutions, values, and lifestyles.
E)it was centered in Asia and Africa.

Question 20

The general success of the new imperialism was due primarily to

A)the eagerness of non-Europeans for European culture.
B)advanced European military weapons and techniques.
C)mass migration of Europeans to the new colonies.
D)a unified cooperative effort by all the Great Powers.
E)telegraphic communications that coordinated political and military decisions.

Question 21

What was the Fabian Society?

A)Agitators for Women's suffrage
B)A group dedicated to classical Roman ideals
C)Socialist gradualists
D)Anarchists
E)A group of Traditionalist conservatives

Question 22

Which of the following, regarding expansion and colonialism, was not portrayed as a sign of virility?

A)Actions were contrasted with the effeminacy of the colonized peoples.
B)The manliness of expansion was compared to the domestic passivity of European females.
C)Missionaries were usually men who brought their wives.
D)Masculine terms were used to describe expansionistic or exploring exploits.
E)The writings of Mary Kingsley

Question 23

Which of the following is not true?

A)Anti-Semitism persisted in the late 1800s even though emancipation of the Jews had begun during the French Revolution.
B)As political systems became increasingly democratic, politicians discovered that anti-Semitism could win elections.
C)Zionism was, at least in part, a response to anti-Semitism.
D)Anti-Semitism was limited to Russia and eastern Europe.
E)Pseudo-scientific concepts helped fuel anti-Semitism.

Question 24

From 1500 to 1800, about six million people migrated out of Europe.In the years 1870-1914, the number was

A)about half that amount.
B)about the same.
C)three times as large.
D)great enough so that Europeans controlled or influenced the rest of the globe.
E)actually decreased.

Question 25

Which nationalities were involved in the Boer War?

A)Dutch and English
B)English and Zulus
C)English and French
D)English and Indians
E)French and Italians

Question 26

Which of the following is associated with anarchists?

A)People are happiest when they live in a society without a government.
B)Assassinations of key officials are justified.
C)The toiling masses should be educated.
D)Forming secret terrorist groups
E)All of these

Question 27

What was at the root of Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy?

A)scientism
B)rationalism
C)utilitarianism
D)anti-rationalism and an exaltation of freedom
E)social Darwinism

Question 28

Theodore Herzl was famous for which new ideology?

A)Anarchism
B)Radical Communism
C)Anti-Semitism
D)Zionism
E)None of these

Question 29

Which is commonly accepted as the most brutal of the colonial ventures?

A)British Egypt
B)Italian Libya
C)Belgian Congo
D)French West Africa
E)German Togoland

Question 30

Eduard Bernstein's revisionism held that

A)history could be accelerated and the socialist revolution could occur in his lifetime.
B)a disciplined party of professional revolutionaries should lead an alliance of peasants and workers to overthrow capitalism.
C)the working class could peacefully build socialism by using existing bourgeois political institutions.
D)only a general strike could significantly challenge capitalism.
E)the ideals of Marxism were too radical.

Question 31

By 1900, liberalism began to abandon which of its original tenets?

A)Government should not play an active role in society.
B)The inalienable right to life, liberty, and property
C)Government adherence to constitutions, written and unwritten
D)The treatment of labor was the responsibility of employers.
E)All of these.

Question 32

Which of the following individuals was considered an anarchist?

A)Jean Jaurès
B)Karl Katusky
C)Eduard Bernstein
D)Michael Bakunin
E)Rudyard Kipling

Question 33

Unlike traditional conservatives, the "new right" emerging in the 1880s

A)was more populist and demagogic.
B)enthusiastically embraced nationalism.
C)espoused racist ideologies.
D)did not call for war to achieve nationalistic goals.
E)All of these

Question 34

Which of the following is not characteristic of the new artistic styles at the turn of the twentieth century?

A)The tendency of artists to be introspective and self-absorbed
B)A revival of romanticism
C)Instant popularity and marketability
D)Expressionalism, futurism, and symbolism
E)Did not have a clear message

Question 35

In what may be called an "age of uncertainty"

A)organized religion declined.
B)the popularity of Eastern religions rose.
C)various forms of mysticism, such as séances, spread.
D)confidence in science was undermined.
E)All of these.

Question 36

Freud thought that the source of psychological problems was

A)biological disorders.
B)inner conflict and irrational forces.
C)diabolical possession.
D)too little positive thinking.
E)related to heredity.

Question 37

What technique was adopted by the British in the Boer War?

A)Cavalry charges
B)Massive fortifications
C)Scorched earth warfare
D)Trench warfare
E)Light cavalry

Question 38

What were the First and Second Internationals?

A)A union of imperialist countries to foster cooperation
B)Labor unions
C)Fabian debating societies
D)International congresses of world socialists
E)A predecessor of the United Nations

Question 39

Brutal insensitivity to the needs of indigenous peoples was a hallmark of expansionism; which of the following is not true?

A)The letter from Chief Montwhiwa to Queen Victoria was ignored.
B)Large tracts of land in the French Congo was seized and administrated by private rubber companies.
C)Leopold II mercilessly exploited the Congo, systematically torturing and killing its people.
D)British-led forces slaughtered 20, 000 Sudanese at the Battle of Omdurman.
E)An uprising in southwest Africa against German rule led to the killing of approximately 60, 000 Herero people.

Question 40

What western idea had some natives adopted by the late 1800s that later contributed to independence?

A)Christianity
B)Socialism
C)Classical Liberalism
D)Nationalism
E)Romanticism

Question 41

What is the definition of Weltpolitik?

A)A synonym for Realpolitik
B)A policy of non-intervention
C)A proposal for world peace
D)A precursor of the United Nations
E)Kaiser Wilhelm II's policy to make Germany a world power

Question 42

Problems for the French Third Republic included all of the following except

A)violent actions by women suffragists.
B)rural and worker agitation and repression.
C)the Dreyfus case.
D)antagonistic relations with the Catholic Church.
E)a lack of strong leadership in the French government.

Question 43

What did Sigmund Freud argue for?

A)Social Darwinism
B)The cessation of imperialist activities
C)Persecution of the Jews
D)The influence of the subconscious on actions
E)The liberation of art from reason

Question 44

What became the focus of art in the 1890s?

A)The depiction of reality in a realistic way
B)The advancing of political causes
C)A turn inwards to introspection and feeling
D)A rejection of Romanticism
E)None of these

Question 45

The main motive for the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife was

A)a desire to start World War I.
B)the unpopularity of the archduchess.
C)Serb nationalism.
D)French intrigue against Austria.
E)Hungary's drive for control of the empire.

Question 46

The term New Imperialism refers to the era of European expansion overseas in the Americas.

Question 47

With the retirement of Bismarck, the German Empire

A)slowly abandoned its Weltpolitik.
B)was led by Wilhelm II, who apparently believed himself to be infallible.
C)managed to neutralize the popularity of the socialists.
D)experienced a lessening of labor unrest.
E)was held up as a nation to copy.

Question 48

What was not an issue in British politics before World War I?

A)Irish "home rule"
B)Women's suffrage
C)Reform of the House of Lords
D)Civility and order in British institutions
E)Anti-semitism

Question 49

The Dreyfus Affair involved which of the following?

A)A denunciation of Belgian Colonial practices
B)The attempt of the British to impose control on African colonies
C)Charges against a Jewish-French officer
D)German militarization
E)A breach of parliamentary conduct in England

Question 50

What were the policies of the "Young Turks"?

A)Strengthening of Islam
B)War with Russia
C)A strong, centralized, elected parliament
D)Maintenance of a multinational empire
E)None of these

Question 51

The controversy over Ireland included all of the following in the decades before World War I except

A)the implementation of home rule.
B)a call by the Conservative Party for Irish Protestants to use extralegal means to oppose concessions to the Catholics.
C)a worsening conundrum in Ulster.
D)a fateful interruption due to World War I.
E)the behavior of the conservatives and the army indicated a breakdown of order and authority.

Question 52

Italy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries experienced all of the following except

A)significant population growth.
B)the conquest of Libya.
C)elimination of serious regional differences.
D)massive worker unrest.
E)although calling itself a democracy, property qualification limited suffrage.

Question 53

The Bolsheviks

A)dominated the Russian Social Democratic Party.
B)were Marxists who believed that the socialist revolution could be accelerated.
C)were also known as the People's Will.
D)were Marxists who embraced "evolutionary socialism."
E)wished to create a constitutional monarchy.

Question 54

The main problem for the Austro-Hungarian Empire was

A)lack of universal male suffrage.
B)an insufficient number of political parties.
C)the nationalism of its many nationalities.
D)an ailing economy.
E)an Austrian controlled parliament.

Question 55

As a sign of the times, the movement for women's suffrage in Britain included all of the following except

A)disruptions of parliamentary debates, threats on the prime minister, and attacks on his residence.
B)hunger strikes and retaliatory forced feedings.
C)support from the Crown.
D)the self-induced trampling of a suffragist at a horse race.
E)actions of violence against the movement from men inside and outside the government.

Question 56

Regarding the Dreyfus affair, which of the following is not true?

A)Dreyfus was the only Jewish officer on the French general staff.
B)Another officer was actually proven to have been the spy in this case.
C)The army was not allowed to open the case by the royalist and the Catholic Church.
D)In a second trial, Dreyfus was found not guilty.
E)From the start, the affair was a result of anti-Semitism.

Question 57

By 1914, the Ottoman Empire

A)had lost almost all of its European possessions.
B)had undergone major changes after a coup by the Western-educated Young Turks.
C)had acquired an elected parliament, in 1908.
D)was undermined by secessionist movements within its borders.
E)All of these

Question 58

Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of World War I?

A)The division of the Great Powers into two armed camps: the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente
B)A heated arms race
C)The assassination of Franz Ferdinand
D)Weltpolitik
E)All of these.

Question 59

The scientific theories of Einstein and Planck

A)reinforced the confidence generated by the Scientific Revolution.
B)contributed to a sense of the uncertainty of knowledge.
C)reinforced Newtonian physics.
D)destroyed quantum theory.
E)were easily understood by the general public.

Question 60

Although considered to be a strong point, why was Germany's alliance system a problem?

A)Bismarck's Reinsurance Treaty was renewed by Wilhelm II.
B)Although an ally, Russia turned to Austria for an alliance.
C)The pact with Austria broke down, as Hungary won its independence.
D)It pushed England and France into an alliance.
E)Germany's Triple Alliance involved nations that wanted German colonies in Africa.

Question 61

Rudyard Kipling's poem the "White Man's Burden" showed the attitude of the British and their justification for "civilizing" the people they deemed inferior.

Question 62

The Triple Alliance was established in 1882 among Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Russia.

Question 63

Artists that belonged to the avant-garde school believed it was up to them to spread and promote ideals.

Question 64

The heightened tensions of Europe in the early part of the 20^th century led to an increase in military expenditures, which in turn led to further insecurities.

Question 65

The ideology of Jean Jaurès' socialism was based on orthodox Marxist doctrine.

Question 66

The Boxer Rebellion was a conflict between Dutch settlers in South Africa and the British over gold and land.

Question 67

The Bolsheviks were a faction of the Russian Socialist Democratic Party led by Marxist Vladimir Lenin.

Question 68

In the face of growing hostility and Anti-Semitism in Europe led to the Zionist movement to establish the state of Israel.

Question 69

The assassination of the Austro-Hungarian heir and his wife by an Italian nationalist led to the outbreak of World War I.