Deck 6: Transmission of Infection, the Compromised Host, Epidemiology, and Diagnosing Infections

Question 1

A disease that is transferred from animals to humans is called _____,with _____ serving as an example.

A)Fomite-derived; malaria
B)Vector-derived; anthrax
C)Zoonotic; tuberculosis
D)Opportunistic; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
E)Zoonotic; rabies

Answer 1

Zoonotic; rabies

Question 2

The risk of a(n)_____ infection is increased in clinical settings.

A)Super-
B)Nosocomial
C)Opportunistic
D)Antibiotic susceptible
E)Ubiquitous

Answer 2

Nosocomial

Question 3

Which of the following statements is false?

A)It is possible for a bacterium to be part of the normal flora in one anatomical location and pathogenic in a different anatomical location
B) Females are more likely than males to acquire urinary tract infections
C) The presence of fecal microorganisms in water used for drinking and cooking causes fecal-oral transmission
D)Patients with neutropenia are more susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections
E)Neutropenia refers to a type of anemia in which red blood cell numbers are lower than normal

Answer 3

Neutropenia refers to a type of anemia in which red blood cell numbers are lower than normal

Question 4

Which term refers to diseases that persist in a population at low levels?

A)Endemic disease
B)Epidemic
C)Prevalent disease
D)Sporadic disease

Question 5

Two new cases of a particular disease occur within a population of 50,000,in the year 2013.What is the morbidity rate of this disease?

A)2 per year per 50,000
B)2 per year
C)2 per 50,000
D)4/100,000
E)0

Question 6

Contact transmission may occur indirectly when a nonliving intermediate,called a _____,is involved.

A)Fomite
B)Vector
C)Droplet
D) Zoonotic agent

Question 7

The Hantavirus has a limited transmission because

A)It is transmitted by droplets
B)It is not transmitted from human to human
C)Only a small fraction of humans are susceptible
D)It is transmitted by direct contact

Question 8

The statement "Wash hands before and after patient contact and after removal of gloves." comes from

A) Common sense
B)Biohazard control regulations
C)Surveillance measures
D)Center for Disease Control

Question 9

In July 9,2009 about 2% of patients visiting emergency rooms had influenza.This number rose until in October of that year,when 10% had influenza.This was probably a(n)

A)Superinfection
B)Sporadic outbreak
C)Index case
D)Opportunistic outbreak
E)Epidemic

Question 10

A factor that affects disease transmission is

A)Crowding
B)Travel
C)Potable water supply
D)War
E)All of the choices

Question 11

Out of a population of 200,000,500 people are infected by a disease on January 1,2013.The prevalence of the disease is

A)500/year
B)500
C)250/100,000
D)0

Question 12

Which of these describes vectors?

A)Vectors transmit organisms from one host to another
B)Vectors are always living organisms
C)Vectors must allow organisms to grow and increase in numbers
D)Mosquitos are not vectors
E)Fomites are not vectors

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of direct contact transmission?

A)A housefly transfers pathogens from cow manure to the conjunctiva of a human host
B)HIV is transmitted from a contaminated needle
C)Influenza is acquired by breathing in airborne droplets
D)A college student acquires mononucleosis after kissing someone infected with Epstein-Barr virus

Question 14

Tetanus,caused by Clostridium tetani,is often acquired by people walking barefooted because its reservoir is

A)Food
B)Soil
C)Ticks
D)Water
E)Air

Question 15

The most common anatomical site for a hospital-borne infection is

A)The urinary tract
B)The respiratory tract
C)Surgical wounds
D)The gastrointestinal tract
E)The skin

Question 16

Which of the following zoonotic diseases is not transmitted by a tick bite?

A)Bubonic plague
B)Relapsing fever
C)Tularemia
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever
E)Lyme disease

Question 17

In 1832 Cholera was present in the Indian subcontinent,Russia,Hungary,Germany,England,France,Canada and the USA.The technical term for this situation is a(n)

A)Pandemic
B)Epidemic
C)Global outbreak
D)Prospective disease
E)International emergency

Question 18

Chemicals with activities similar to antibiotics that are made by normal bacterial flora are called

A)Bacteriocins
B)Opportunistic inhibitors
C)Super-antibiotics
D)Flora

Question 19

Infections with _____ are particularly problematic in burn patients?

A)HIV
B)Escherichia coli
C)Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D)Borrelia burgdorferi
E)Clostridium tetani

Question 20

An individual who seems healthy but infects others with disease-causing pathogens is a(n)

A)Index case
B)Compromised patient
C)Immunodeficient patient
D)Public health hazard
E)Carrier

Question 21

What is the mode of transmission for cholera?

A)Droplets
B)Mosquito
C)Flea
D)Drinking water
E)Direct contact

Question 22

What is achieved when widespread vaccination is administered to a population as a means of protecting unvaccinated potential hosts?

A)Immunosuppression
B)Super-vaccination
C)Multi-drug resistance
D)Quarantine
E)Herd immunity

Question 23

What are potential sources of nosocomial infections? List at least six.

Question 24

What is the mode of transmission for plague?

A)Droplets
B)Mosquito
C)Flea
D)Drinking water
E)Direct contact

Question 25

How does morbidity rate differ from incidence rate?

Question 26

It is sometimes difficult to identify human reservoirs of infectious disease.Discuss three reasons and provide an example.

Question 27

Explain how global warming could affect the spread of infectious diseases.

Question 28

The mode of transmission for the common cold is

A)Droplets
B)Mosquito
C)Flea
D)Drinking water
E)Direct contact

Question 29

Explain the difference between morbidity rate and mortality rate.

Question 30

Describe and provide examples for the three types of contact transmission.

Question 31

The likelihood that a particular host will succumb to an infectious microorganism depends on many factors.Identify and describe at least five different circumstances that contribute to disease susceptibility in a host.

Question 32

Explain why patients with malignant tumors who are receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy are more susceptible to infections.

Question 33

Control groups are required when performing _____ studies.

A)Descriptive epidemiological
B)Universal precaution
C)Superinfection
D)Nosocomial
E)Analytical epidemiological

Question 34

Diseases that health care workers must report to the Centers for Disease Control are known as _____ diseases.

A)Incidental
B)Nationally notifiable
C)Endemic
D)Propagated
E)Common-source

Question 35

Calculate the morbidity,mortality,and incidence rates,given the following information: in a study conducted between January 1 and January 31,80 new cases of influenza were reported in a community of 10,000 individuals,bringing the total number of active influenza cases to 100.In this same period,2 individuals died from complications of the disease.

Question 36

An epidemic arising from a shared,contaminated water supply is a

A)Pandemic
B)Common-source outbreak
C)Propagated epidemic
D)Sporadic outbreak

Question 37

What is the mode of transmission for mononucleosis?

A)Droplets
B)Mosquito
C)Flea
D)Drinking water
E)Direct contact

Question 38

The mode of transmission for malaria is

A)Droplets
B)Mosquito
C)Flea
D)Drinking water
E)Direct contact

Question 39

Epidemiological studies that sometimes identify the index case are known as _____ studies.

A)Common-source
B)Retrospective
C)Prospective
D)Analytical
E)Descriptive

Question 40

Identify and describe three types of reservoir with a role in the transmission of infectious diseases to humans and provide an example of a disease for each type of reservoir.

Question 41

Explain the difference between descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies.