Deck 5: Measuring Social Life, How Many How Much What Type

Question 1

A continuous variable has an infinite number of values that flow along a continuum,while a variable has a fixed set of separate values or categories.

A)unique
B)separate
C)interval
D)discrete

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Nominal measures indicate a difference among categories.Which of the following would NOT be a nominal measure?

A)gender
B)religion
C)political party
D)IQ scores

Answer 2

D

Question 3

If a unit fits into one category only,it is

A)mutually inclusive.
B)mutually exclusive.
C)mutually desirable.
D)exhaustive.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Marketing researchers often use this scale to measure subjective feelings.

A)Guttman scale
B)Likert scale
C)semantic differential
D)metric scale

Question 5

This type of validity uses a standard to indicate a concept.In other words it agrees with an external source.What type of validity is it?

A)content
B)criterion
C)face
D)intellectual

Question 6

Mr.Marsh asks his colleagues if they believe that his conceptual definition and measurement fit.They agree that they do.What type of validity is this?

A)content validity
B)face validity
C)criterion validity
D)colleague validity

Question 7

All measurement builds on these two processes:

A)conceptualization,measurement.
B)data,measurement.
C)operationalization,conceptualization.
D)zone of confidence,population frame.

Question 8

Mr.Marsh is measuring temperature in his research.He will be using what variable level of measure?

A)nominal
B)interval
C)ratio
D)ordinal

Question 9

An IQ score is an example of what type of measurement?

A)interval
B)equivalence
C)ratio
D)nominal

Question 10

When all the items in a scale or index fit together and measure a single concept,this is called

A)unidimensionality.
B)unidirectional.
C)unanimous.
D)unipositional.

Question 11

This term is used to address how well a researcherȇs measure of reality measures with the ideas she uses to understand that aspect of reality.What is this term?

A)value
B)reliability
C)reality
D)validity

Question 12

The Guttman scale measures how well data fit into a

A)combination.
B)hierarchical pattern.
C)likert rating.
D)All the above

Question 13

When creating this measure,two or more items are combined into a single numerical score.What is this called?

A)indention
B)scale
C)median
D)index

Question 14

Dr.Van Offer is measuring all possibilities in his research.His technique is most likely

A)mutually exclusive.
B)exclusive.
C)inclusive.
D)exhaustive.

Question 15

This type of validity is easiest to achieve and the most basic kind of validity.It is a judgment by knowledgeable people that the indicator really measures the concept it purports to measure.It is known as

A)face validity.
B)content validity.
C)criterion validity.
D)standard deviation.

Question 16

This type of measurement indicates a difference among categories,and the categories can be ordered or ranked.If a student earned an ȈAȈ,that measurement would be a(n)______________________measurement.

A)nominal
B)ratio
C)interval
D)None of the above

Question 17

If Dr.Mottleȇs measurements of her data are consistent and do not vary because of the characteristics of how she measured,the measurement is

A)valid.
B)time consuming.
C)redundant.
D)reliable.

Question 18

Mr.Marsh uses a special measure combining information from separate indicators into one score.He is most likely using a(n)

A)nominal scale.
B)index.
C)scale.
D)his own method.

Question 19

If Dr.Mottle gives items in an index more or less of a value her index is probably

A)wrong.
B)ordinal.
C)too high.
D)weighted.

Question 20

An example of a continuous variable would be

A)age.
B)gender.
C)pregnant/not pregnant.
D)light switch.

Question 21

Scales and indexes should have many dimensions in addition to being mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

Question 22

What is the difference between reliability and validity?

Question 23

A scale that typically measures opinions or ratings at the ordinal level is probably

A)a Likert scale.
B)a social distance scale.
C)a semantic differential.
D)central tendency.

Question 24

Index and scale are often used interchangeably and give information on variables.

Question 25

Name the four levels of measurement,from lowest (discrete and least precise)to highest precision.

Question 26

It is close to impossible to measure qualitative data reliably because of deep social relationships with individuals.

Question 27

Reliability is necessary for validity and is easier to achieve than validity.

Question 28

In qualitative studies two different researchers may not get identical results when studying the same thing.

Question 29

A measurement can be valid for one purpose,but may not for another.

Question 30

A social distance scale

A)measures how many miles apart various rural towns are.
B)can have measurements as high as 100.
C)is a convenient way to determine how close a people feels toward a social group to which they do not belong.
D)is a convenient way to interpret data obtained through Guttman scaling.

Question 31

Validity is more difficult to achieve than reliability.Why?

Question 32

What is the three-part sequence of measuring quantitative data flow.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT true?

A)A Guttman scale indicates whether a set of items corresponds to a hierarchical pattern.
B)When a researcher intends to use the Guttman scale,she must design a study with the technique in mind.
C)A Guttman scale has been applied to many phenomena.
D)The data,when plotted,in a Guttman scale form a triangle.

Question 34

Likert-scaled items cannot be combined into an index.

Question 35

It is more important to have high reliability than have high reliability and validity.

Question 36

A qualitative researcherȇs goal is to capture social life in a manner that rings true to experience of people being studied.

Question 37

What two items complicate index construction?

A)weighting and missing data
B)weighting and data integrity
C)weighting and reliability
D)weighting and validity

Question 38

The simplest one of these is a visual rating.These are used to create measures of variables,what are these?

A)thermometer
B)telescope
C)scale
D)weight

Question 39

Give two examples of possible operational definitions.

Question 40

Part of the conceptualization process is to distinguish one concept from closely related ones.

Question 41

______________________measures indicate a difference among categories.An example would be gender,religion,racial heritage,etc.

Question 42

______________________means that a measurement does not vary because of how the researcher measured.

Question 43

If Dr.Mottle states that a unit is mutually exclusive,what does that mean?

Question 44

In a study with quantitative data,a researcher typically moves from the___________concept toward a___________measure.

Question 45

A(n)___________is a composite measure that combines several indicators into a single score.It is often a sum of their values.

Question 46

Missing data can become an issue when constructing an index,threatening both
and___________.

Question 47

What are two complications of index construction and why?

Question 48

When a unit goes into one and only one variable category,it is called___________.

Question 49

______________________measures do everything that nominal and ordinal measures do,plus they specify the distance between categories.

Question 50

______________________means that all items of an index or scale measure the same concept.

Question 51

Give an example of a social measurement scale and its use.

Question 52

The___________scale is a convenient way to determine how close a people feels toward a social group to which they do not belong.

Question 53

Differentiate scale versus index.

Question 54

Least precise,lowest level of measurement is___________.

Question 55

A______________________is a measure that captures a conceptȇs intensity,direction or level at the ordinal level of measurement.

Question 56

The______________________differential measures a personȇs subjective feelings about a concept,object,or other person indirectly by using sets of polar opposite adjectives to create a rating scale.

Question 57

A(n)___________scale offers a statement or questions,and participants indicate their response with a set of answer choices,such as strongly agree,agree,disagree,or strongly disagree.

Question 58

A researcher designs a study with this scaling technique in mind.___________scaling is a technique that tells the researcher whether a particular structured pattern holds among a set of items.

Question 59

______________________has an infinite number of values that flow along a continuum.

Question 60

What is the difference between mutually exclusive and exhaustive attributes?

Question 61

Discuss reliability and validity in qualitative research.

Question 62

Mr.Marsh has received criticism that his most recent study lacks reliability.He is concerned on how he might might improve future studies.If he uses pilot versions of a measure,might it improve reliability? If not a pilot version,what else could he use? Discuss three other ways that he could improve reliability.

Question 63

Compare and discuss the steps in quantitative and qualitative conceptualization and operationalization.

Question 64

Discuss the four levels of measurement; nominal ordinal,interval,ratio.Rank them in order from least specific to highest precision.

Question 65

Discuss the three types of measurement validity; face,content and criterion validity.