Deck 11: Microbial Genetics and Infectious Disease

Question 1

Rearrange the following events in the order in which they occur during DNA proofreading.Which is the last event?

A)Nuclease activity catalyzes nucleotide removal
B)The elongating DNA strand leaves the exonuclease site
C)The elongating DNA strand slides to the exonuclease active site
D)DNA polymerase action slows

Answer 1

The elongating DNA strand leaves the exonuclease site

Question 2

A(n)_____ has an anticodon,which ensures the correct amino acid will be added to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

A)Repressor
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)rRNA
E)Operon

Answer 2

tRNA

Question 3

Rearrange the following events in the order in which they occur during DNA proofreading.Which is the first event?

A)Nuclease activity catalyzes nucleotide removal
B)The elongating DNA strand leaves the exonuclease site
C)The elongating DNA strand slides to the exonuclease active site
D)DNA polymerase action slows

Answer 3

DNA polymerase action slows

Question 4

DNA polarity is determined by

A)Hydrogen binding
B)Primer:template junctions
C)The ratio of guanine to adenine nucleotides
D)The linkage of one nucleotide to another

Question 5

Rearrange the following events in the order in which they occur during DNA proofreading.Which is the second event?

A)Nuclease activity catalyzes nucleotide removal
B)The elongating DNA strand leaves the exonuclease site
C)The elongating DNA strand slides to the exonuclease active site
D)DNA polymerase action slows

Question 6

Which of the following base pairs is not complementary?

A)Adenine: thymine
B)Guanine: uracil
C)Cytosine: guanine
D)Adenine: uracil

Question 7

Amino acids are escorted to ribosomes during protein synthesis using

A)mRNA
B)aRNA
C)rRNA
D)sRNA
E)tRNA

Question 8

Topoisomerase is required for replication because

A)It links DNA to the primer
B)It prevents unnecessary replication forks from forming
C)It is a DNA polymerase
D)It relaxes the supercoiling of DNA to allow replication
E)It is a DNA ligase

Question 9

A six carbon sugar is a component of

A)RNA
B)DNA
C)Both DNA and RNA
D)Neither DNA or RNA

Question 10

Uracil is a component of

A)RNA
B)DNA
C)Both DNA and RNA
D)Neither DNA or RNA

Question 11

When DNA replication is taking place,the single DNA strands called _____ unwind and pair with short RNA _____.

A)Active sites; leading strands
B)Codons; reading frames
C)Anticodons; codon regions
D)Replication forks; Okazaki fragments
E)Templates; primers

Question 12

The term "complementary" refers to what in DNA?

A)The opposite orientation of the two polynucleotide strands
B)Chemical reaction used to form a nucleotide
C)The replication fork
D)The pairing between purines and pyrimidines in the two polynucleotide strands

Question 13

During DNA replication,the lagging strand moves _____ the replication fork and requires the synthesis of _____ primer(s).

A)Away from; one
B)Toward; one
C)Away from; many
D)Toward; many

Question 14

A five carbon sugar is a component of

A)RNA
B)DNA
C)Both DNA and RNA
D)Neither DNA or RNA

Question 15

The term used to describe the orientation of the two strands of DNA is

A)Polarity
B)Complementary
C)Antiparallel
D)Supercoiled
E)Forked

Question 16

When referring to a primer:template junction,the primer is composed of _____,whereas the template is composed of _____.

A)RNA; protein
B)RNA; single-stranded DNA
C)DNA; protein
D)RNA; double-stranded DNA
E)DNA; double-stranded DNA

Question 17

A sugar with -OH on the 3' but not the 2' carbon is a component of

A)RNA
B)DNA
C)Both DNA and RNA
D)Neither DNA or RNA

Question 18

Rearrange the following events in the order in which they occur during DNA proofreading.Which is the third event?

A)Nuclease activity catalyzes nucleotide removal
B)The elongating DNA strand leaves the exonuclease site
C)The elongating DNA strand slides to the exonuclease active site
D)DNA polymerase action slows

Question 19

Protein synthesis occurs on _____,which form the base for translation of _____.

A)Ribosomes; mRNA
B)Operons; mRNA
C)Primer: template junctions; rRNA
D)Ribosomes; rRNA
E)Active sites; DNA

Question 20

A sugar with -OH on both the 2' and the 3' carbons is a component of

A)RNA
B)DNA
C)Both DNA and RNA
D)Neither DNA or RNA

Question 21

Which enzyme facilitates the attachment of amino acids to tRNA molecules?

A)Peptidyl transferase
B)RNA polymerase
C)Helicase
D)Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
E)Topoisomerase

Question 22

The term _____ is used to explain the redundancy of the genetic code.

A)Error-prone
B)Degenerate
C)Unfaithful
D)Duplicity

Question 23

In bacteria,the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan is regulated by a mechanism analogous to

A)Gene induction
B)Feedback inhibition
C)Constitutive gene expression
D)Suppressor mutation
E)Frame shift regulation

Question 24

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Catabolic activator protein (CAP): lacI
B)lacZ: beta-galactosidase
C)lacA: transacetylase
D)High glucose levels; low cAMP levels
E)lacY: permease

Question 25

In reference to DNA mutations,which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Base insertion: frameshift
B)Pyrimidine switched for a purine: transition
C)Reversal of primary mutation to functional phenotype: suppressor mutation
D)Premature stop codon: non-functional protein
E)Point mutation with no change in amino acid: silent mutation

Question 26

A point mutation causing a nucleotide to change from an adenine to a guanine is a(n)

A)Transversion
B)Insertion
C)Frameshift
D)Transition
E)Deletion

Question 27

The region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds during transcription is known as the

A)Promoter
B)Codon
C)Anticodon
D)Leading strand
E)Origin of replication

Question 28

Which of the following binds to the lactose repressor protein and changes its shape so that it can no longer bind to the operator site of the lac operon?

A)Glucose
B)cAMP
C)CAP
D)Allolactose

Question 29

The initiation codon is important in fixing the _____ during the translation of messenger RNA.

A)Origin of replication
B)Initiator protein
C)Anticodon region
D)Reading frame
E)Leading strand

Question 30

An mRNA that encodes information for more than one protein is a(n)_____ mRNA.

A)Inducible
B)Repressible
C)Constitutive
D)Poly-cistronic
E)Transposable

Question 31

A mutation that reverses the effect of a primary mutation and restores the function of a gene is called a

A)Transition
B)Transposon
C)Suppressor mutation
D)Spontaneous mutation
E)Transversion

Question 32

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Lagging strand: discontinuous
B)Okazaki fragments: leading strand
C)Replicator sequence: A-T rich region
D)Exonuclease: DNA polymerase proofreading
E)RNAse H: primer removal

Question 33

Which of the following is not an example of a stop codon?

A)UAA
B)UAG
C)UGG
D)UGA

Question 34

The separation of duplicated chromosomes into daughter cells during cell division is performed by the enzyme

A)Primase
B)RNAase H
C)Topoisomerase
D)DNA ligase
E)Exonuclease

Question 35

The processes of transcription and translation are similar in that they both

A)Use DNA to produce their respective products
B)Produce mRNA
C)Have initiation, elongation, and termination stages
D)Require aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
E)Take place in the nucleus

Question 36

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Anticodon loop: codon recognition
B)Promoter: DNA polymerase
C)Origin of replication: DNA polymerase
D)P site: peptidyl-tRNA
E)Acceptor arm: amino acid

Question 37

A set of genes involved in a common metabolic pathway in prokaryotic cells is called a(n)

A)Promoter region
B)Operon
C)Open reading frame
D)Transposon
E)Replication fork

Question 38

The site where regulatory proteins bind to DNA and affect transcription activity is called the

A)Promoter
B)Origin of replication
C)Codon
D)Open reading frame
E)Operator

Question 39

Genes,which are always "turned on" in an organism,are referred to as

A)Inducible
B)Repressible
C)Constitutive
D)Suppressible
E)High frequency of recombination

Question 40

In bacteria,when glucose levels are high

A)The lac operon is repressed
B)CAP binds to the lac operon
C)The lac repressor detaches from the operator region of the lac operon
D)cAMP levels are high
E)Lactose is exported out of the cell

Question 41

Identify the three types of RNA that are made in bacterial cells.How are they similar and what is the specific function of each?

Question 42

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
Codons on mRNA and the amino acids they code
Use the table below to answer the following questions.

Use the table to answer the following.If the sequence of amino acids coded for is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine,what is the order of bases in the mRNA?

A)3´ UCUCGUUUGUUA 5'
B)5´ UCGGCAAAGUUA 3'
C)3´ AGACGTTTCAAT 5'
D)3´ TCTCGTTTGTTA 5'
E)5´ AGAGCTTTGAAT 3'

Question 43

Answer true or false to the following statement: Proofreading of bases added takes place at the 3' end of the new strand because the DNA polymerase contains an exonuclease component.

Question 44

Which of the following is not an example of how DNA damage is repaired?

A)Base excision
B)Photoreactivation
C)Alkylation
D)UV radiation
E)Alkylation and UV radiation

Question 45

Answer true or false to the following statement: Elongation of DNA from the 5' end is required because of the stereochemistry of the bases.

Question 46

Answer true or false to the following statement: No errors are made during DNA replication

Question 47

Explain how RNA differs from DNA in structure and function.

Question 48

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

In the figure which letter (A-C)refers to the codon AUG?

Question 49

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

In the figure which letter (A-C)refers to the codon,UAA?

Question 50

Which of the following is not an example of how DNA damage occurs?

A)Deamination
B)Radiation
C)Photoreactivation
D)Oxidation
E)Sunlight

Question 51

An alteration in the position of genetic elements within a genome is called

A)Transduction
B)Conjugation
C)Transposition
D)Transformation
E)Nucleotide excision

Question 52

Photoreactivation is a mechanism that uses _____ for _____.

A)Recombination; transposition
B)UV radiation; DNA mutation
C)Base excision; removal of damaged nucleotides
D)Photolase; thymine dimer repair
E)Pilus; conjugation

Question 53

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

Suppose the translation is aberrant and an inactive truncated protein is produced.In the figure which letter (A-C)do you predict you would find UAG?

Question 54

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
Codons on mRNA and the amino acids they code
Use the table below to answer the following questions.

Use the table to answer the following.What is the sequence of amino acids coded for by the following sequence of bases in the non-template strand of DNA? 3´ TAACGCTTGCA 5'

A)Leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine
B)Asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine
C)Transcription would stop at the first codon
D)Asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine
E)Translation would stop at the first codon

Question 55

The uptake of naked DNA by "competent" recipient cells is called

A)Transduction
B)Conjugation
C)Transposition
D)Transformation
E)Nucleotide excision

Question 56

Answer true or false to the following statement: The rate of DNA synthesis is directly correlated to the processivity of the particular polymerase.

Question 57

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

In the figure which letter (A-C)refers to the codon at the 3' end of the messenger RNA?

Question 58

Transfer of genetic information between cells with the aid of a bacteriophage is known as

A)Transduction
B)Conjugation
C)Transposition
D)Transformation
E)Nucleotide excision

Question 59

A phage that has integrated into a host cell's chromosome is called a

A)Transformant
B)"Sex" pilus
C)Transductant
D)Transposon
E)Prophage

Question 60

Answer true or false to the following statement: In order to pass down genetic information from generation to generation,replication of DNA must be extremely accurate.

Question 61

Explain how the lagging strand is synthesized.Incorporate the following terms in your explanation: primase,Okazaki fragments,RNAase H,and DNA ligase.

Question 62

Identify and describe four distinct ways in which genetic recombination occurs in bacteria.

Question 63

Explain how the lac operon functions and is regulated.Include the following terms in your description:

Question 64

In basic terms,explain the difference between an inducible operon and a repressible operon.Provide one example of each.

Question 65

Discuss five ways in which transcription differs from DNA replication.

Question 66

Explain which two regulatory components control replication initiation in circular bacterial chromosomes.

Question 67

Identify the similarities and differences between the repressor proteins of the lactose and tryptophan operons.