Question 1

Of the apes,which probably provides the best model for the evolution of human behavior?&#10;A)chimpanzee and bonobo&#10;B)orangutan&#10;C)gorilla&#10;D)gibbon

Accepted Answer

Chimpanzees and bonobos share many behavioral characteristics with humans, including social organization, tool use, and communication. They are also the closest living relatives to humans, sharing approximately 98% of our DNA. Orangutans and gorillas have less overlap with human behavior and differ significantly in their social systems and ecological niches. Gibbons are also less useful for modeling human evolution as they have relatively simple social systems and lack complex cognitive abilities seen in other apes.

Question 2

The bonobo,or &#34;pygmy chimp,&#34; is&#10;A)a race of chimpanzee.&#10;B)separated from chimpanzees by about 5 or 6 million years.&#10;C)a separate species.&#10;D)more primitive than chimpanzees.

Accepted Answer

Bonobos are a separate species from chimpanzees.

Question 3

Which interpersonal bond seems the strongest and most influential in the lives of chimps?&#10;A)mother-infant bond&#10;B)male-female bond&#10;C)bond between adult male friends&#10;D)bond between siblings

Accepted Answer

The mother-infant bond is the strongest and most influential in the lives of chimps as it lasts for their entire lifetime and is essential for the survival and socialization of the infant. The mother provides protection, food, and teaches the infant important social skills.

Question 4

Recent studies have shown that earlier studies of baboons were incorrect in what respect?&#10;A)the complexity of the social organization of baboons&#10;B)the presence of a dominance hierarchy&#10;C)the male orientation of baboon society&#10;D)the greater size of male baboons

Accepted Answer

Recent studies have shown that earlier studies underestimated the role of females and overemphasized the male orientation in baboon society.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a means of communication for the chimps?&#10;A)facial expressions&#10;B)sexual gestures&#10;C)symbolic sounds and combinations of sounds&#10;D)grooming

Accepted Answer

Chimps primarily use facial expressions, sexual gestures, and grooming as means of communication. While they do make sounds, they do not use symbolic sounds and combinations of sounds in the same complex way humans use language.

Question 6

In which place would you carry out an ethological study of chimpanzees?&#10;A)a zoo&#10;B)your home&#10;C)the forests of central Africa&#10;D)a lab devoted to psychological testing

Accepted Answer

Ethological studies involve observing and analyzing the natural behavior of animals in their natural habitat. Since chimpanzees are native to the forests of central Africa, conducting an ethological study would require observing them in their natural habitat. A zoo would not be the best choice as the behavior of animals in captivity may differ from those in the wild. Your home or a lab devoted to psychological testing would not provide the necessary environment for studying wild chimpanzees.

Question 7

The study of the natural behavior of organisms under natural conditions is called&#10;A)ecology.&#10;B)comparative biology.&#10;C)zoological psychology.&#10;D)ethology.

Accepted Answer

Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior, particularly in natural environments. It focuses on the observation and understanding of animal behavior patterns, including those related to communication, aggression, mating, and foraging. Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment, while comparative biology compares the similarities and differences in the biology of different species or groups. Zoological psychology, or comparative psychology, focuses on the comparative study of behavior and mental processes in animals and humans.

Question 8

Studies of chimpanzee groups across Africa indicate that chimps show&#10;A)variation in behaviors like tool use and hunting techniques.&#10;B)variation in nearly every aspect of their behavior.&#10;C)almost no variation from group to group.&#10;D)a great deal of variation in communication,almost like human languages.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that chimpanzee groups across Africa demonstrate variation in their behaviors, such as tool use and hunting techniques. This suggests that there is not a universal way that chimpanzees behave, and that their behavior is shaped by the specific circumstances of their environment and social norms of their group.

Question 9

Which is NOT a reason why the orangutan is a poor model for human behavior?&#10;A)It is larger than most humans.&#10;B)It lives in Asia.&#10;C)It is almost exclusively arboreal.&#10;D)It is solitary rather than social

Accepted Answer

The size of the orangutan does not make it a poor model for human behavior as there are many animal models used for research that are larger than humans, such as elephants and whales.

Question 10

A chimp group can be best described as basically&#10;A)violent.&#10;B)tense.&#10;C)similar to a dictatorship,with one dominant male in charge.&#10;D)marked by cooperation and mutual concern.

Accepted Answer

Chimpanzee groups are known for their high level of cooperation and mutual concern. They often work together to gather food and care for young, and form strong social bonds with one another. Although dominant males do exist in chimp groups, they do not hold the same type of absolute control seen in a dictatorship. While there is potential for violence and tension, this is not the defining characteristic of a chimp group.

Question 11

Which is NOT characteristic of the bonobos' sexual behavior?&#10;A)face-to-face mating position&#10;B)sexual contact between members of the same sex&#10;C)almost continual presence of estrus signs&#10;D)attachment to a single mating partner

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is NOT characteristic of the bonobos'...

Question 12

The major difference between a society of antelopes and a society of chimps is that&#10;A)chimp groups are larger.&#10;B)antelopes mate promiscuously.&#10;C)chimps relate to one another as individuals.&#10;D)antelopes have no means of communication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major difference between a society of...

Question 13

What is the one thing chimps share with one another?&#10;A)all food items&#10;B)females&#10;C)meat&#10;D)power and influence

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the one thing chimps share...

Question 14

Male chimps compete for and maintain dominance largely through&#10;A)physical violence.&#10;B)gestures,expressions,and vocalizations.&#10;C)mating with the largest number of females.&#10;D)bringing back the most food.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Male chimps compete for and maintain dominance...

Question 15

Bonobos are noted for all the following EXCEPT&#10;A)common use of bipedal locomotion.&#10;B)sharing food other than meat.&#10;C)more violent than chimpanzees.&#10;D)the use of sex to reinforce group unity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bonobos are noted for all the following...

Question 16

Which of the following has not been observed as part of the chimpanzees' cognitive abilities?&#10;A)variation in tool use&#10;B)use of symbolic communication in the wild&#10;C)ability to learn and use the rudiments of human language&#10;D)capacity for delayed gratification and social cooperation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has not been...

Question 17

The gorilla is NOT as good a model for human behavior as is the chimp because the gorilla&#10;A)lives is Africa.&#10;B)is the largest living primate.&#10;C)is almost exclusively vegetarian.&#10;D)is much less intelligent than chimps.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gorilla is NOT as good a...

Question 18

We may most reasonably conclude from baboon studies that our early savanna-dwelling ancestors&#10;A)lived in societies held together by dominant males.&#10;B)had societies organized around groups of related females.&#10;C)were successful because males competed with one another for access to females.&#10;D)survived through some manner of complex social organization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We may most reasonably conclude from baboon...

Question 19

Based on comparative studies of nonhuman primates,which of the following is probably NOT a characteristic of early hominid behavioral adaptations?&#10;A)social interaction based on individual recognition&#10;B)sexual consciousness&#10;C)long-term family relationships and friendships&#10;D)strong social bonding centered around dominant males or group of males

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on comparative studies of nonhuman primates,which...

Question 20

Baboons are of interest to anthropologists because&#10;A)they look a lot like us.&#10;B)their social behavior is so humanlike.&#10;C)genetic studies reveal them to be among our closest relatives.&#10;D)they live in an environment similar to that of our early ancestors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Baboons are of interest to anthropologists because&#10;A)they...

Deck 8: Primate Behavior and Human Evolution