Question 1

Charles Darwin thought the origin of new species&#10;A)occurred in a series of sudden jumps.&#10;B)occurred as a result of macromutations.&#10;C)occurred gradually as a result of steady natural selection.&#10;D)could be clearly demonstrated by the fossil record.

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin believed in gradualism, where new species originate from small variations accumulated over long periods of time through natural selection. He did not support macromutations or sudden jumps in the process of speciation. The fossil record also provides evidence for gradual changes in species over time.

Question 2

Reproductive isolating mechanisms that work because related species are adapted to different environments are called&#10;A)ecological.&#10;B)sexual.&#10;C)mechanical.&#10;D)seasonal.

Accepted Answer

Ecological reproductive isolating mechanisms occur when related species are adapted to different environments. This can lead to differences in the way they mate, reproduce, and behave, which can prevent them from interbreeding and producing viable offspring. This type of reproductive isolation is common among plants and animals that live in different habitats or use different resources.

Question 3

A generalized species is one that&#10;A)is adapted to a narrow range of ecological niches.&#10;B)is one that is not particularly well adapted.&#10;C)is adapted to a wide range of ecological niches.&#10;D)is well adapted.

Accepted Answer

A generalized species is one that is adapted to a wide range of ecological niches. This means it is able to survive and thrive in many different environments with different conditions, making it a more versatile and adaptable species.

Question 4

Which of the following is a pseudoscientific idea?&#10;A)evolution&#10;B)astrology&#10;C)the existence of God in the Judeo-Christian tradition&#10;D)Einstein's theory of relativity

Accepted Answer

Astrology is typically considered a pseudoscientific practice because it relies on the idea that celestial objects can have a direct influence on human affairs and personalities, despite lacking any empirical evidence to support this claim. The other options listed are all scientifically accepted concepts, though some (such as the existence of God) may also have philosophical or theological implications.

Question 5

Reproductive isolating mechanisms evolve&#10;A)in order to produce new species.&#10;B)as a result of the creation of a new species.&#10;C)because members of one species do not want to mate with members of another.&#10;D)as secondary results of the isolation of a population from the rest of its species.

Accepted Answer

Reproductive isolating mechanisms evolve as secondary results of the isolation of a population from the rest of its species. When a population is geographically or reproductively isolated from the rest of its species, various genetic, ecological, and behavioral factors can contribute to the evolution of barriers preventing interbreeding between the isolated population and the rest of the species. Over time, these barriers can become more pronounced and effective, leading to the evolution of distinct reproductive isolating mechanisms that reinforce the separation of populations and can ultimately lead to speciation. However, the initial isolation of populations is generally not the result of an explicit effort to create new species, but rather a natural consequence of factors like range expansion or niche specialization.

Question 6

The model called punctuated equilibrium maintains that&#10;A)evolution will someday stop.&#10;B)evolution is gradual and slow,but steady over time.&#10;C)evolution moves slowly and then is quickly interrupted by the branching of new species.&#10;D)evolution recognizes &#34;slight variations&#34; that are good for the individual.

Accepted Answer

The model called punctuated equilibrium maintains that evolution moves slowly and then is quickly interrupted by the branching of new species. This means that evolution occurs intermittently and in short bursts, with long periods of stability in between.

Question 7

Speciation,in general,occurs when&#10;A)part of a species decides to stop reproducing with the rest of the species.&#10;B)a species gets spread out into a wide range of environmental circumstances.&#10;C)a portion of a species becomes isolated from the rest of the species.&#10;D)natural selection selects for reproductive isolating traits.

Accepted Answer

Speciation occurs when a portion of a species becomes isolated from the rest of the species, leading to genetic divergence and the development of reproductive barriers. This isolation may occur due to geographic, ecological, or behavioral factors.

Question 8

Species are prevented from interbreeding by the evolution of&#10;A)different adaptations to their environments.&#10;B)different phenotypic appearances.&#10;C)reproductive isolating mechanisms.&#10;D)moral prohibitions against the behavior.

Accepted Answer

Reproductive isolating mechanisms prevent different species from interbreeding, which ensures genetic integrity and prevents the formation of hybrids that may not be viable or fertile. These mechanisms may include differences in mating behaviors, anatomical incompatibilities, or biochemical barriers. Adaptations to different environments and phenotypic differences may contribute to reproductive isolation, but they are not actual mechanisms that prevent interbreeding. Moral prohibitions are not relevant to the process of evolution.

Question 9

Modern evolutionary thought sees natural selection as&#10;A)a process that continually makes a species better adapted to its environment.&#10;B)a powerful process that can select for any small variation within a species.&#10;C)a slow,steady process that is constantly in operation.&#10;D)a conservative force that acts mainly to maintain a species' adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Modern evolutionary thought sees natural selection as a conservative force that acts mainly to maintain a species' adaptation rather than continuously improving or selecting for any small variation. It is a slow and steady process that operates over long periods of time to ensure the survival of a species in its environment.

Question 10

Darwin's model of the overall picture of evolution is called&#10;A)gradualism.&#10;B)punctuated equilibrium.&#10;C)natural selection.&#10;D)the origin of species.

Accepted Answer

Darwin's model of evolution is called gradualism, which proposes that evolution occurs slowly and gradually over long periods of time. This is in contrast to the idea of punctuated equilibrium, which suggests that evolution occurs in bursts of rapid change followed by long periods of stability. While Darwin's model includes the concept of natural selection, it is not the overall picture of evolution that he proposed. The Origin of Species is a book written by Charles Darwin that presents his theory of evolution through natural selection.

Question 11

The great similarity among all living things leads us to the conclusion that&#10;A)all life was created according to some conscious plan.&#10;B)there is only one form life can take anywhere in the universe.&#10;C)there must be other models of life somewhere on earth.&#10;D)life on earth had a single origin and all living things have a common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The great similarity among all living things...

Question 12

Adaptive radiation refers to&#10;A)a species that is adapted to a wide range of ecological conditions.&#10;B)a group of related species that inhabit a number of environmental niches.&#10;C)a species that can withstand the results of high levels of radioactivity.&#10;D)a situation where nuclear radiation is selectively positive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adaptive radiation refers to&#10;A)a species that is...

Question 13

A macromutation is a mutation that&#10;A)involves a large number of genes.&#10;B)results in extensive phenotypic effects.&#10;C)is lethal.&#10;D)makes a small population better adapted than the parental population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A macromutation is a mutation that&#10;A)involves a...

Question 14

There are now about ___________ named species of living things on the planet.&#10;A)1/2 million&#10;B)1 million&#10;C)1.5 million&#10;D)10 million

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are now about ___________ named species...

Question 15

In modern times&#10;A)no new species are discovered.&#10;B)one or two new species are discovered each year.&#10;C)dozens of new species are discovered each year.&#10;D)the only new species discovered are simple ones like bacteria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In modern times&#10;A)no new species are discovered.&#10;B)one...

Question 16

A picture of evolution by punctuated equilibrium might look like a&#10;A)ladder.&#10;B)chain of being.&#10;C)gracefully branching tree.&#10;D)dense bush.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A picture of evolution by punctuated equilibrium...

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an example of adaptive radiation?&#10;A)Darwin's finches on the Gal&#225;pagos&#10;B)the evolution of birds over the last 150 million years&#10;C)the changes in the Homo sapiens during our time on earth&#10;D)the evolution of mammals after the dinosaurs became extinct

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT an...

Question 18

A specialized species is one that&#10;A)is adapted to a narrow range of ecological niches.&#10;B)is one that is not particularly well adapted.&#10;C)is adapted to a wide range of ecological niches.&#10;D)is well adapted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A specialized species is one that&#10;A)is adapted...

Question 19

Adaptive radiation occurs in all the following circumstances EXCEPT&#10;A)when no similar and competing species live in an environment.&#10;B)when extinctions open up a set of environments.&#10;C)when any species with large brains evolves.&#10;D)when a generalized set of species displaces specialized ones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adaptive radiation occurs in all the following...

Question 20

A testable idea that is treated like a belief is called&#10;A)scientific.&#10;B)religious.&#10;C)a pseudoscience.&#10;D)a hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A testable idea that is treated like...

Question 21

&#34;Scientific&#34; creationism is a pseudoscience because&#10;A)it is false.&#10;B)it is actually based on biblical writing.&#10;C)its ideas are testable but its proponents ignore the negative results of those tests.&#10;D)it involves unrepeatable events that took place in the past.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Scientific&#34; creationism is a pseudoscience because&#10;A)it is...

Question 22

&#34;Scientific&#34; creationism&#10;A)has begun to seriously refute evolutionary theory.&#10;B)should be given equal time in science education.&#10;C)is dangerous because it is based on religion.&#10;D)is a pseudoscience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Scientific&#34; creationism&#10;A)has begun to seriously refute evolutionary...

Question 23

&#34;Intelligent design&#34; is&#10;A)a new scientific idea that seriously questions the mainstream theory of evolution.&#10;B)a strictly religious idea,closely linked to mainstream Christianity.&#10;C)a thinly disguised version of scientific creationism.&#10;D)a testable idea that simply has not yet been tested.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Intelligent design&#34; is&#10;A)a new scientific idea that...

Deck 5: The Origin of Species and the Shape of Evolution