Question 1

Gregor Mendel's major contribution to the study of inheritance was to show that&#10;A)traits are blended from the contributions of both parents.&#10;B)offspring are 50/50 mixes of the features of both parents.&#10;C)individual particles,in various combinations,produce traits.&#10;D)genes operate by combining amino acids to make proteins.

Accepted Answer

Mendel's experiments with pea plants showed that traits were not blended from both parents, but rather were inherited through individual particles (later called genes) that followed predictable patterns of inheritance. He discovered the principles of dominant and recessive traits, as well as the concept of alleles and how they segregate during meiosis. His findings formed the foundation of modern genetics. Choice D is incorrect because while genes do play a role in the production of proteins, Mendel's work did not directly relate to this concept. Choice A and B are incorrect because, as mentioned, Mendel's work showed that traits did not blend together from both parents in a straightforward 50/50 manner.

Question 2

A &#34;word&#34; of three bases in the genetic code is called&#10;A)a codon.&#10;B)a chromosome.&#10;C)DNA.&#10;D)an amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid during protein synthesis. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid, a start signal, or a stop signal.

Question 3

An organism's combination of alleles for a particular trait is called its&#10;A)genetic code.&#10;B)gene frequency.&#10;C)phenotype.&#10;D)genotype.

Accepted Answer

An organism's combination of alleles for a particular trait is called its genotype. This includes both the dominant and recessive alleles that the organism carries. The phenotype, on the other hand, refers to the physical or observable traits that result from the genotype. The genetic code refers to the sequence of nucleotides in an organism's DNA, and gene frequency refers to the frequency of a particular allele in a population.

Question 4

The long strands of genetic material found in the nucleus of the cell are called&#10;A)genes.&#10;B)proteins.&#10;C)loci.&#10;D)chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

The long strands of genetic material found in the nucleus of the cell are called chromosomes. Genes are specific segments of DNA that code for a particular trait or characteristic. Proteins are molecules made up of amino acids that have various functions in the body. Loci refers to a specific location on a chromosome where a certain gene or genetic marker is found.

Question 5

Approximately what percent of the human genome is noncoding?&#10;A)25%&#10;B)50%&#10;C)75%&#10;D)98%

Accepted Answer

Approximately 98% of the human genome is noncoding, meaning it does not code for proteins. This includes introns, regulatory regions, repetitive sequences, and other noncoding sequences. Only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins.

Question 6

Heterozygous means&#10;A)having the same alleles in a pair.&#10;B)producing two identical zygotes at fertilization.&#10;C)having two different alleles in a pair.&#10;D)becoming pregnant with fraternal twins.

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles in a pair, while homozygous refers to having the same alleles in a pair. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are all incorrect.

Question 7

Latest estimates indicate the number of human genes at&#10;A)10,000.&#10;B)25,000.&#10;C)several million.&#10;D)3.1 billion.

Accepted Answer

The latest estimates suggest that there are approximately 25,000 human genes. This has been revised down from earlier higher estimates due to updated research and understanding of the complexity of the human genome.

Question 8

The basic building blocks of the body's cells and the chemical catalysts for the cell's reactions are&#10;A)proteins.&#10;B)genes.&#10;C)DNA molecules.&#10;D)chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

Proteins are the basic building blocks of the body's cells and play a crucial role as enzymes, which catalyze the chemical reactions within the cell. While genes, DNA molecules, and chromosomes are important components of the cell, they are not directly involved in the chemical reactions and catalysts within the cell.

Question 9

A variant of a gene is called a(n)&#10;A)mutation.&#10;B)codon.&#10;C)allele.&#10;D)gamete.

Accepted Answer

A variant of a gene is called an allele. Mutations are changes in DNA that can create new alleles or alter existing ones. Codons are the three-letter sequences of nucleotides that specify which amino acid will be inserted into a polypeptide chain during translation. Gametes are specialized cells that combine during fertilization to create a new organism with a unique combination of alleles.

Question 10

A trait that is coded for by more than one gene is called&#10;A)monogenic.&#10;B)dominant.&#10;C)polygenic.&#10;D)complex.

Accepted Answer

Traits that are coded for by more than one gene are called polygenic traits. Examples of polygenic traits include height, skin color, and intelligence. Monogenic traits are traits that are controlled by a single gene, while dominant traits are those that are expressed when either one or both alleles are present. Complex traits are those that are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Question 11

Humans have how many chromosomes?&#10;A)48&#10;B)46&#10;C)42&#10;D)23

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humans have how many chromosomes?&#10;A)48&#10;B)46&#10;C)42&#10;D)23...

Question 12

Genes code for&#10;A)the direct production of a physical or chemical trait.&#10;B)a combination of amino acids to make a protein.&#10;C)DNA.&#10;D)the structure of the body's cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genes code for&#10;A)the direct production of a...

Question 13

About how many proteins does the human genome code for?&#10;A)25,000&#10;B)3.1 billion&#10;C)90,000&#10;D)46

Accepted Answer

The answer of About how many proteins does the human...

Question 14

The physical feature that is the result of the genetic code is called&#10;A)genotype.&#10;B)phenotype.&#10;C)trait.&#10;D)protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The physical feature that is the result...

Question 15

The genetic code is carried by&#10;A)RNA.&#10;B)DNA.&#10;C)proteins.&#10;D)amino acids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The genetic code is carried by&#10;A)RNA.&#10;B)DNA.&#10;C)proteins.&#10;D)amino acids....

Question 16

Most human traits are&#10;A)monogenic.&#10;B)polygenic.&#10;C)dominant.&#10;D)recessive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most human traits are&#10;A)monogenic.&#10;B)polygenic.&#10;C)dominant.&#10;D)recessive....

Question 17

Proteins&#10;A)are important nutritional elements.&#10;B)make up all observable and measurable body structures.&#10;C)are the simplest chemicals in the body.&#10;D)serve to build and operate the body's cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Proteins&#10;A)are important nutritional elements.&#10;B)make up all observable...

Question 18

A,T,G,and C stand for&#10;A)names of important amino acids.&#10;B)the four genes that make up the genetic code.&#10;C)the four types of chromosomes.&#10;D)the bases that make up the genetic &#34;alphabet.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A,T,G,and C stand for&#10;A)names of important amino...

Question 19

Dominant alleles&#10;A)are more common.&#10;B)are always more beneficial&#10;C)are expressed in the phenotype.&#10;D)are more advantageous.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dominant alleles&#10;A)are more common.&#10;B)are always more beneficial&#10;C)are...

Question 20

Homozygous means&#10;A)having the same alleles in a pair.&#10;B)producing two identical zygotes at fertilization.&#10;C)having two different alleles in a pair.&#10;D)becoming pregnant with identical twins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Homozygous means&#10;A)having the same alleles in a...

Question 21

Gametes differ from all other cells in the body in that they&#10;A)are smaller.&#10;B)are larger.&#10;C)have more chromosomes and genes.&#10;D)have one-half the normal number of chromosomes and genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gametes differ from all other cells in...

Question 22

The specialized process that produces sex cells is called&#10;A)mitosis.&#10;B)meiosis.&#10;C)segregation.&#10;D)homozygosity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The specialized process that produces sex cells...

Question 23

Recessive alleles&#10;A)are less common.&#10;B)are usually harmful.&#10;C)are hidden in the phenotype unless homozygous.&#10;D)will eventually disappear in a species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recessive alleles&#10;A)are less common.&#10;B)are usually harmful.&#10;C)are hidden...

Question 24

Codominance refers to two&#10;A)genes that are dominant over all others.&#10;B)species,both of which are evolutionarily successful.&#10;C)members of a species in social leadership positions.&#10;D)alleles that are both expressed when in the heterozygous condition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Codominance refers to two&#10;A)genes that are dominant...

Question 25

A mutation is&#10;A)a deformed organism.&#10;B)a new gene that is poorly adapted.&#10;C)an organism that becomes abnormal as a result of radiation and the like.&#10;D)any error in the genetic code.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mutation is&#10;A)a deformed organism.&#10;B)a new gene...

Question 26

If a person homozygous for the taster allele (TT)produces children with a heterozygote,what is the probability that they will produce a child who is phenotypically a taster?&#10;A)100%&#10;B)75%&#10;C)50%&#10;D)25%

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a person homozygous for the taster...

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT an actual example of biological cloning?&#10;A)identical twins&#10;B)therapeutic cloning&#10;C)the creation of an exact physical and behavioral copy of an organism&#10;D)reproductive cloning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT an...

Question 28

The sex cells (sperm and egg,for example)are called&#10;A)genotypes.&#10;B)zygotes.&#10;C)chromosomes.&#10;D)gametes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sex cells (sperm and egg,for example)are...

Question 29

The process whereby cells reproduce themselves is called&#10;A)mitosis.&#10;B)meiosis.&#10;C)segregation.&#10;D)protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process whereby cells reproduce themselves is...

Question 30

Segregation refers to&#10;A)the splitting of cells to produce daughter cells.&#10;B)the separation of the halves of the DNA molecule when the genetic code is read.&#10;C)the separation of chromosome and gene pairs during gamete production.&#10;D)social policy of classifying people according to their genetic traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Segregation refers to&#10;A)the splitting of cells to...

Deck 3: Evolutionary Genetics