Deck 21: Infections of the Respiratory System

Question 1

What is often associated with strep throat caused by Group A streptococci?

A)Diphtheria
B)Tuberculosis
C)Whooping cough
D)Q fever
E)Scarlet fever

Answer 1

Scarlet fever

Question 2

All of the following are anatomical locations associated with the upper respiratory tract except:

A)Middle ear
B)Alveoli
C)Nasopharynx
D)Nasal sinuses
E)Mastoid cavity

Answer 2

Alveoli

Question 3

Compare the parainfluenza and influenza viruses.Which is a single-stranded RNA virus?

A)Parainfluenza virus
B)Influenza virus
C)Both parainfluenza and influenza viruses
D)Neither parainfluenza and influenza

Answer 3

Both parainfluenza and influenza viruses

Question 4

Compare the parainfluenza and influenza viruses.Which causes infections of the respiratory tract?

A)Parainfluenza virus
B)Influenza virus
C)Both parainfluenza and influenza viruses
D)Neither parainfluenza and influenza

Question 5

A child diagnosed with "croup" most probably has a(n)_____ infection.

A)Diphtheria
B)Parainfluenza
C)Mycoplasma
D)Pertussis
E)Influenza

Question 6

Which is the most likely manner in which Legionella pneumophila is transmitted?

A)By direct contact with an infected human
B)From bird droppings
C)By direct contact with farm animals
D)From contaminated water supplies as aerosolized mist
E)From contaminated nebulizers in hospital settings

Question 7

Which of the following is not associated with atypical pneumonia?

A)Chlamydophila pneumoniae
B)Legionella pneumophila
C)Staphylococcus aureus
D)Coxiella burnetii
E)Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 8

Compare the parainfluenza and influenza viruses.Which has several different serotypes?

A)Parainfluenza virus
B)Influenza virus
C)Both parainfluenza and influenza viruses
D)Neither parainfluenza and influenza

Question 9

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Strep throat: pyrogenic toxin
B)Scarlet fever: pseudomembrane in throat
C)Mycoplasma: walking pneumonia
D)Corynebacterium: "snapping" during cell division
E)Diphtheria: protein synthesis-inhibiting toxin

Question 10

Compare the parainfluenza and influenza viruses.Which virus is associated with little antigenic drift or antigenic shift?

A)Parainfluenza virus
B)Influenza virus
C)Both parainfluenza and influenza viruses
D)Neither parainfluenza and influenza

Question 11

Compare the parainfluenza and influenza viruses.Which contains neuraminidase and hemagglutinin?

A)Parainfluenza virus
B)Influenza virus
C)Both parainfluenza and influenza viruses
D)Neither parainfluenza and influenza

Question 12

Which of the following is not a virulence factor associated with strep throat caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?

A)Hemolysin O
B)Streptokinase
C)Tracheal toxin
D)Hemolysin S
E)M protein

Question 13

Which of the following is false?

A)Coccidiomycosis infections usually occur in the lower respiratory tract
B)The lower respiratory tract is a relatively sterile anatomical location compared with the upper respiratory tract
C)Diphtheria and whooping cough are still prevalent in underdeveloped nations despite the availability of effective vaccines
D)Chlamydophila psittaci is transmitted from one human to another

Question 14

Compare the parainfluenza and influenza viruses.Which virus replicates in the cytoplasm?

A)Parainfluenza virus
B)Influenza virus
C)Both parainfluenza and influenza viruses
D)Neither parainfluenza and influenza

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential therapeutic for rhinovirus infections?

A)Antitoxin
B)Amantadine
C)Soluble ICAM-1
D)Antibiotics including penicillin, cephalosporins, erythromycin, and tetracycline

Question 16

A mild form of pneumonia called "walking pneumonia" is associated with bacterial infections caused by

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)Bordetella pertussis
D)Mycoplasma pneumoniae
E)Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 17

Compare the parainfluenza and influenza viruses.Infection with which virus causes diarrhea?

A)Parainfluenza virus
B)Influenza virus
C)Both parainfluenza and influenza viruses
D)Neither parainfluenza and influenza

Question 18

If the mucociliary escalator is compromised by a viral infection,an individual is predisposed to the development of bacterial infections of the

A)Tonsils
B)Nose
C)Conjunctiva
D)Middle ear

Question 19

Compare the parainfluenza and influenza viruses.Which contains a segmented genome?

A)Parainfluenza virus
B)Influenza virus
C)Both parainfluenza and influenza viruses
D)Neither parainfluenza and influenza

Question 20

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A)It is responsible for more deaths than any other pathogen
B)It is a spore forming obligate anaerobic rod
C)Multi-drug-resistant strains have emerged
D)It produces mycolic acid, which protects the bacterium from host defenses
E)It causes tubercles to form that on calcification form Ghon complexes

Question 21

Which of the following best describes aspergillosis?

A)Not associated with AIDS
B)Spores are encased in spherules
C)Associated with bird and bat droppings
D)Contains cholesterol in plasma membrane
E)100% mortality when invasion of lung tissue occurs

Question 22

Indicate which of the following statements is false regarding whooping cough?

A)The causative agent is Bordetella pertussis
B)An effective vaccine is available
C)Animals are a source of infection
D)Ciliated cells of the respiratory tract are destroyed by tracheal toxin
E)On exposure, 80-100% of susceptible individuals develop infection

Question 23

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the influenza virus?

A)Viremia
B)Enveloped virus
C)Different serotypes based on differences in surface antigens
D)Undergoes antigenic drift and antigenic shift
E)May predispose individuals to bacterial superinfections

Question 24

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Mastoiditis is an uncommon problem but is very dangerous because of the proximity of this cavity to rest of the respiratory tract.

Question 25

Which of the following is most appropriate for histoplasmosis?

A)Not associated with AIDS
B)Spores are encased in spherules
C)Associated with bird and bat droppings
D)Contains cholesterol in plasma membrane
E)100% mortality when invasion of lung tissue occurs

Question 26

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Colonies of Corynebacterium diphtheriae resemble Chinese letters because of a unique interaction between the cells and the agar.

Question 27

Hantavirus infections

A)Are endemic in the southeastern United States
B)Cause mild to asymptomatic infections
C)Are transmitted by respiratory droplets from infected humans
D)Are associated with fluctuations in rodent populations
E)Are uncommon because of an effective vaccine program

Question 28

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Rhinovirus is known as the common cold virus because it is the major cause of the mild upper respiratory infections that affect people of all ages.

Question 29

Which of the following respiratory illnesses is not associated with spores?

A)Pneumocystis pneumonia
B)Legionnaires' disease
C)Histoplasmosis
D)Blastomycosis
E)Inhalation anthrax

Question 30

Which of the following is an appropriate description of blastomycosis?

A)Not associated with AIDS
B)Spores are encased in spherules
C)Associated with bird and bat droppings
D)Contains cholesterol in plasma membrane
E)100% mortality when invasion of lung tissue occurs

Question 31

Chlamydophila psittaci infections are associated with

A)Contaminated water supplies
B)Births of infected animals
C)Inhalation of bird droppings
D)Patients with HIV
E)Sinusitis

Question 32

Acanthamoeba is the natural reservoir for

A)Coxiella burnetii
B)Legionella pneumophila
C)Chlamydophila pneumoniae
D)Mycoplasma pneumoniae
E)Chlamydophila psittaci

Question 33

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Because of the large number of serotypes of Rhinovirus,it is unlikely that an effective vaccine will ever be developed.

Question 34

All of the following are associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)except

A)Occurrence of community outbreaks in late fall to early spring
B)Availability of an effective vaccine for those at risk
C)Involvement of cytotoxic T cells in host defenses
D)Rare viremia
E)Formation of large multinucleate cells

Question 35

Which of the following is an appropriate description of Pneumocystis?

A)Not associated with AIDS
B)Spores are encased in spherules
C)Associated with bird and bat droppings
D)Contains cholesterol in plasma membrane
E)100% mortality when invasion of lung tissue occurs

Question 36

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Q fever?

A)Spontaneous resolution
B)Bacteria growing well in the placenta
C)Transmitted by inhalation and ingestion
D)Humans are the only reservoir
E)Caused by Coxiella burnetii

Question 37

Which of the following is most appropriate for coccidiodomycosis?

A)Not associated with AIDS
B)Spores are encased in spherules
C)Associated with bird and bat droppings
D)Contains cholesterol in plasma membrane
E)100% mortality when invasion of lung tissue occurs

Question 38

To ensure compliance with drug therapy,_____ is required for patients with a physiological resistance to one or more anti-TB drugs.

A)Isoniazid
B)Routine X-ray evaluation
C)Directly observed therapy (DOT)
D)The PPD skin test
E)Quarantine

Question 39

Which of the following individuals would receive directly observed therapy (DOT)for the treatment of tuberculosis?

A)A patient with a history of noncompliance to drug regimens
B)A patient with psychiatric disorders
C)Patients with HIV
D)An infected patient who persistently tests positive for TB
E)All of the above

Question 40

"Secondary tuberculosis" is a term used to describe

A)The movement of tubercle bacilli into secondary lymphoid tissue
B)The secondary antibody response that accompanies immunological memory
C)A transmitted infection from one individual to a secondary individual
D)Reactivation of old tuberculosis lesions due to loss of immune defenses
E)An infection caused by mycobacteria that are resistant to second-generation antibiotic regimens

Question 41

Explain how Ghon complexes are formed.How are they diagnosed and why are they problematic?

Question 42

Identify and describe the three stages of a pertussis infection.

Question 43

Name five different types of respiratory system infection caused by fungi,the causative agent,and the recommended treatment.

Question 44

Which individuals are most likely to develop a severe fungal infection of the respiratory tract?

Question 45

Describe three ways in which host defenses can be breached,leading to predisposition to respiratory tract infections.

Question 46

Explain the difference between nosocomial and typical community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.Identify and describe the four pathological stages of pneumococcal lobar pneumonia.

Question 47

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: A mild form of pneumonia is called walking pneumonia because there is no need for hospitalization during this infection.

Question 48

Describe three important host defenses against infections of the respiratory tract.

Question 49

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: HIV infection has had a significant role in the increase of tuberculosis,because HIV and tuberculosis are transmitted together.