Deck 22: Infections of the Digestive System

Question 1

Bloody diarrhea is characteristic of _____ infections,whereas mucoid watery diarrhea is seen with _____ infections.

A)ETEC; EAEC
B)EHEC; EAEC
C)EIEC; EHEC
D)EHEC; EPEC
E)EAEC; EIEC

Answer 1

EHEC; EAEC

Question 2

Which of the following is a characteristic of Shigella species?

A)Lactose fermentation
B)Bacillary dysentery
C)Invasion of the small intestine
D)Peritrichous flagella
E)Bovine reservoir

Answer 2

Bacillary dysentery

Question 3

Which of the following organisms is the most appropriate match for nosocomial gastrointestinal infection?

A)Salmonella enterica
B)Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
C)Clostridium difficile
D)Staphylococcus aureus
E)Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 3

Clostridium difficile

Question 4

Which of the following organisms is the most appropriate match for food poisoning by bacterial infection?

A)Clostridium difficile
B)Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
C)Campylobacter jejuni
D)Staphylococcus aureus
E)Salmonella species

Question 5

All of the following toxins are produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli except

A)Vacuolating cytotoxin
B)Heat-labile toxin
C)Pore-forming toxin
D)Shiga toxin
E)Heat-stable toxin

Question 6

Salmonella infections are categorized as all of the following except

A)Typhoid fever
B)Gastroenteritis
C)Chronic infections
D)Enteric fever
E)Bacillary dysentery

Question 7

Which of the following microbes cause gastrointestinal infections from ingesting tainted shellfish?

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Bacillus cereus
C)Clostridium perfringens
D)Vibrio parahaemolyticus
E)Trichinella spiralis

Question 8

Infections with Escherichia coli O157:H7 may require

A)Intravenous corticosteroids
B)Kidney dialysis
C)Removal of part of the large intestine
D)Removal of the gall bladder
E)Probiotics

Question 9

Which of the following organisms is the most appropriate match for typhoid fever?

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
C)Clostridium difficile
D)Campylobacter jejuni
E)Salmonella enterica

Question 10

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Vibrio cholerae: intravenous liquid replacement
B)Shigella dysenteriae: very low ID??
C)Giardia duodenalis: anemia
D)Escherichia coli O157:H7: renal failure
E)Clostridium difficile: nosocomial infection

Question 11

Flagella of the Enterobacteriaceae used for antigen classification are collectively known as _____ antigens.

A)O
B)A
C)H
D)F
E)K

Question 12

A(n)_____ is a thin layer of salivary proteins and glycoproteins that binds to the surface of teeth.

A)Adhesion
B)Anchorage film
C)Plaque
D)Pellicle

Question 13

Which of the following organisms is the most appropriate match for traveler's diarrhea?

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
C)Clostridium difficile
D)Campylobacter jejuni
E)Salmonella enterica

Question 14

All of the following are associated with all members of the Enterobacteriaceae except

A)Facultative anaerobes
B)Serotyped according to O, K, and H antigens
C)Gram-negative
D)Lactose fermentation
E)Non-spore-forming rods

Question 15

Which of the following is a mismatched pair with respect to dental and periodontal infections?

A)Gingivitis: loss of bone and ligaments
B)Plaque: deposit of bacterial colonies on tooth surface
C)Demineralization: acid production
D)Pellicle: protein film
E)Necrotizing periodontal disease: trench mouth

Question 16

Which of the following is produced b E.coli?

A)Heat-labile toxin
B)Pore-forming cytotoxin
C)Shiga toxin
D)Heat-stable toxin
E)All of the above

Question 17

Organization of Salmonella into serotypes is based on

A)Lipopolysaccharide O antigens
B)Shiga toxins
C)M cell ruffles
D)Distending cytotoxins
E)Vacuolating cytotoxins

Question 18

Which of the following statements is false?

A)A complication of extended use of antibiotics is the development of opportunistic infections of the gastrointestinal tract
B)Clostridium difficile infections have become more frequent in health care facilities
C)An endogenous infection is one that is derived from a person's own microbiome
D)Helicobacter pylori is only spread by the fecal-oral route
E)Fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are the usual symptoms of gastrointestinal infections

Question 19

Which of the following organisms is the most appropriate match for endemic gastrointestinal infection in developed countries?

A)Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
B)Vibrio cholerae
C)Clostridium difficile
D)Campylobacter jejuni
E)Staphylococcus aureus

Question 20

All of the following possess flagella except

A)Salmonella enterica
B)Helicobacter pylori
C)Shigella dysenteriae
D)Giardia duodenalis
E)Vibrio cholerae

Question 21

Ruffling of M cells is associated with which of the following infections?

A)Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)
B)Bacillary dysentery
C)Cholera
D)Salmonella gastroenteritis
E)Cryptosporidiosis

Question 22

Which family of viruses does Hepatitis C belong to?

A)Hepadnaviridae
B)Flaviviridae
C)Reoviridae
D)Picornaviridae
E)Caliciviridae

Question 23

Which of the following is not typical of cholera infections?

A)Fever
B)Use of filamentous pili for colonization
C)Toxin production
D)Voluminous rice stool

Question 24

Which family of viruses does Hepatitis B belong to?

A)Hepadnaviridae
B)Flaviviridae
C)Reoviridae
D)Picornaviridae
E)Caliciviridae

Question 25

Which family of viruses does Hepatitis G belong to?

A)Hepadnaviridae
B)Flaviviridae
C)Reoviridae
D)Picornaviridae
E)Caliciviridae

Question 26

All of the following are characteristic of a rotavirus infection except

A)Mild diarrhea
B)"Blunting" of the colonic mucosa by the virus
C)Dehydration
D)Leukocyte infiltration into microvilli
E)Abrupt onset with vomiting

Question 27

What is the most likely mode of transmission for Vibrio cholera?

A)Shellfish
B)Contaminated water
C)Chronic human carriers
D)Ground meat
E)Undercooked poultry

Question 28

Domestic pets harbor _____ and are an important reservoir for enteritis caused by this bacterium.

A)Vibrio parahaemolyticus
B)Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi
C)Campylobacter jejuni
D)Helicobacter pylori
E)Shigella boydii

Question 29

What is the most likely mode of transmission for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)?

A)Chronic human carriers
B)Undercooked poultry
C)Shellfish
D)Contaminated water
E)Ground meat

Question 30

Helicobacter pylori organisms survive in acid environments by generating _____ through the production of _____.

A)Ruffles of intestinal tract; pili
B)Apoptotic lesions; vacuolating cytotoxin
C)Ulcers; micro abscesses
D)Ammonia; urease
E)microtubule-associated vacuoles; distending cytotoxin

Question 31

What is the most likely mode of transmission for Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

A)Undercooked poultry
B)Ground meat
C)Shellfish
D)Chronic human carriers
E)Contaminated water

Question 32

Which of the following characteristics is shared by most,but not all,viruses that infect the gastrointestinal tract?

A)Non-enveloped capsid
B)Double-stranded RNA
C)Double-stranded DNA
D)Enveloped capsid
E)Single-stranded RNA

Question 33

Enterovirus is part of which family of viruses?

A)Hepadnaviridae
B)Flaviviridae
C)Reoviridae
D)Picornaviridae
E)Caliciviridae

Question 34

Rotavirus is part of which virus family of viruses?

A)Hepadnaviridae
B)Flaviviridae
C)Reoviridae
D)Picornaviridae
E)Caliciviridae

Question 35

Hepatitis A is from which family of viruses?

A)Hepadnaviridae
B)Flaviviridae
C)Reoviridae
D)Picornaviridae
E)Caliciviridae

Question 36

Which of the following is not a characteristic of typhoid fever?

A)Humans are the only reservoir of the etiological agent
B)Infections are treated with tetracycline to control diarrhea
C)A persistent fever is induced by endotoxin
D)Chronic carriage in the gall bladder may occur
E)It is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi

Question 37

What is the most likely mode of transmission for Campylobacter jejuni?

A)Contaminated water
B)Shellfish
C)Chronic human carriers
D)Undercooked poultry
E)Ground meat

Question 38

Which of the following is not a Gram-negative rod?

A)Vibrio cholerae
B)Clostridium perfringens
C)Helicobacter pylori
D)Campylobacter jejuni

Question 39

What is the most likely mode of transmission for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi?

A)Chronic human carriers
B)Contaminated water
C)Shellfish
D)Undercooked poultry
E)Ground meat

Question 40

Hepatitis E is part of which family of viruses?

A)Hepadnaviridae
B)Flaviviridae
C)Reoviridae
D)Picornaviridae
E)Caliciviridae

Question 41

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Endemic intestinal infections are more commonly seen in children because they have underdeveloped digestive systems.

Question 42

Which of the following gastrointestinal infections are caused by protozoan parasites?

A)Cryptosporidiosis
B)Hookworm infection
C)Giardiasis
D)Hookworm and giardiasis
E)Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis

Question 43

Answer true or false to the following statement: Most states in the US have mandated that all ground meat must contain antibiotics because ground meat cooked only to the rare stage can harbor live pathogens.

Question 44

Identify and describe the three categories used to classify gastrointestinal infections,and provide several examples of microbes responsible for each category.

Question 45

A vaccine is available for which of following hepatitis viruses?

A)Hepatitis B
B)Hepatitis C
C)Hepatitis E
D)Hepatitis G

Question 46

Answer true or false to the following statement: Because there is no animal model for typhoid fever,development of a vaccine has been delayed.

Question 47

Compare the pathogenesis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC),enteropathogenic
E. coli (EHEC).
E. coli (EPEC), and enterohemorrhagic

Question 48

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Saliva will protect against the establishment of many bacteria because it contains IgG.

Question 49

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Because the ID₅₀ of Shigella infection is very high,this infection is easily spread.

Question 50

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Food poisoning intoxication can occur more rapidly than infection because in the former the toxin is already present in the ingested food.

Question 51

Explain how hepatitis B produces a partly double-stranded DNA genome.

Question 52

Explain why hepatitis D is referred to as a satellite virus.Describe the conditions under which hepatitis D is replicated.

Question 53

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Dental plaque is considered a biofilm because it coats the tooth.

Question 54

Which of the following is not a symptom of giardiasis?

A)Malabsorbtion
B)Weight loss
C)Flatulence
D)Bloody diarrhea

Question 55

All of the following are characteristics of hepatitis D except

A)Co-infection or superinfection with hepatitis B required for replication
B)Satellite virus
C)Partly double-stranded DNA genome
D)Dependent on hepatitis B antigens to become infectious

Question 56

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Tooth destruction occurs because of the organic acids produced as a part of the metabolic activity of bacteria.

Question 57

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Enterohemorrhagic
E. coli are so named because they involve the production of heat-labile toxin.

Question 58

Unlike most hepatitis viruses,_____ is an enveloped DNA virus.

A)Hepatitis A
B)Hepatitis B
C)Hepatitis C
D)Hepatitis D
E)Hepatitis E

Question 59

Describe the life cycle of a hookworm.