Question 1

A nurse educator is teaching a group of students about the functions of the cardiovascular system.The nurse educator knows the students have grasped the information when they are able to state which as functions of the cardiovascular system? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Transport of nutrients and wastes
B)Storage of blood
C)Regulation of blood pressure
D)Regulation of acid-base balance
E)Regulation of fluid balance

Transport of nutrients and wastes
Regulation of blood pressure
Regulation of acid-base balance
Regulation of fluid balance

Accepted Answer

The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting nutrients and wastes throughout the body, regulating blood pressure, regulating acid-base balance, and regulating fluid balance. Storage of blood is not a function of the cardiovascular system, as blood is constantly circulated and not stored in one particular location.

Question 2

After a stressful event,a client's blood pressure and heart rate rise.Which system is most likely responsible for this physiologic change?&#10;A)The respiratory system&#10;B)The parasympathetic nervous system&#10;C)The acid-base buffer system&#10;D)The autonomic nervous system&#10;

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, which causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure in response to stress. The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for relaxation and the acid-base buffer system is responsible for maintaining pH balance in the body.

Question 3

A nurse educator is discussing what happens when cardiac cells die.Which consequences are appropriate for the educator to include in the discussion? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Fibrotic scar tissue formation
B)Impaired cardiac function
C)Extensive branching
D)Impaired cardiac contraction
E)Left ventricular hypertrophy

Fibrotic scar tissue formation
Impaired cardiac function
Impaired cardiac contraction
Left ventricular hypertrophy

Accepted Answer

Fibrotic scar tissue formation, impaired cardiac function, impaired cardiac contraction and left ventricular hypertrophy are all consequences of the death of cardiac cells. Extensive branching is not a typical consequence of this process.

Question 4

During morning rounds,the nurse is told one of her clients will need a platelet transfusion.From this information,the nurse infers that which should be removed from a client's room?&#10;A)Visitors&#10;B)Magazines&#10;C)Fresh flowers&#10;D)Shaving razors&#10;

Accepted Answer

Shaving razors should be removed from the client's room due to the risk of bleeding during and after the platelet transfusion. The other options are not directly related to the transfusion and can stay in the room.

Question 5

A client diagnosed with angina asks the nurse why she experiences chest pain while walking up stairs.The nurse explains that which item has likely occurred in this client?&#10;A)Narrowing of the coronary arteries&#10;B)Addisonian crisis&#10;C)An infection of the floor of the mouth&#10;D)A buildup of lactic acid in the calves&#10;

Accepted Answer

Angina is caused by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle due to narrowing of coronary arteries, which reduces oxygen supply to the heart. When the heart muscle is exerted, such as during walking up stairs, it requires more oxygen, which may cause chest pain.

Question 6

A group of nursing students is discussing the components of blood.One student is naming the formed components of blood.Which are considered to be the formed components of blood? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Erythrocytes
B)Leukocytes
C)Platelets
D)Erythropoietin
E)Hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

The formed components of blood include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets. Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of erythrocytes, but it is not a formed component of blood. Hemoglobin is a protein found within erythrocytes that carries oxygen, but it is not a formed component of blood on its own.

Question 7

A client with iron-deficiency anemia has a low hemoglobin level.Which is a priority nursing diagnosis for this client? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Constipation,Risk for
B)Nutrition,Imbalanced: Less than Body Requirements
C)Tissue Perfusion: Peripheral,Risk for Ineffective
D)Knowledge,Deficient,related to anemia

Accepted Answer

B) Nutrition, Imbalanced: Less than Body Requirements is a priority because iron-deficiency anemia is directly related to inadequate dietary intake of iron or poor absorption, indicating a need for nutritional intervention. C) Tissue Perfusion: Peripheral, Risk for Ineffective is also a priority because low hemoglobin levels impair the blood's ability to carry oxygen, potentially leading to inadequate tissue perfusion.

Question 8

A client is in acute renal failure.During this period,the client's erythrocyte count might drop.The nurse understands that this might be due to a deficiency of which substance?&#10;A)Renin&#10;B)Angiotensin&#10;C)Erythropoietin&#10;D)Aldosterone&#10;

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells. During acute renal failure, the kidneys may not be able to produce enough erythropoietin, leading to a drop in the erythrocyte (red blood cell) count.

Question 9

At a community health fair,a nurse stresses the importance of a cardiac-prudent diet and exercise routine in order to help prevent coronary artery disease.Which is the correct rationale for this teaching?

A)Diet and exercise always reduce coronary artery disease.
B)Coronary arteries supply the myocardium with nutrients.
C)Diet and exercise are more effective treatment modalities in the prevention of coronary artery disease than are medications.
D)Coronary arteries spasm in response to exercise,which enhances myocardial perfusion.

Accepted Answer

Coronary arteries supply the myocardium with nutrients, so it is important to maintain a healthy diet and exercise routine to promote their health and prevent coronary artery disease. While diet and exercise can be effective in preventing coronary artery disease, they may not always be enough and medications may also be necessary. Contrary to choice D, coronary arteries do not spasm in response to exercise, but rather dilate to increase blood flow to the myocardium during physical activity.

Question 10

A client with cirrhosis is due to have a liver biopsy performed.What will the monitor this client for at the bedside following the procedure?&#10;A)Dyspnea&#10;B)Fever&#10;C)Bleeding&#10;D)Airway obstruction&#10;

Accepted Answer

Following a liver biopsy, the client will be monitored for bleeding at the bedside. This is because liver biopsy involves inserting a needle into the liver, which could cause bleeding. Bleeding is a potential complication after the procedure and the client will be monitored for signs of bleeding such as hypotension, tachycardia, and pallor. Dyspnea, fever, and airway obstruction are not directly related to liver biopsy and are unlikely to be monitored for following the procedure.

Question 11

Body cells require oxygen-rich blood for aerobic metabolism.The nurse explains that which organs bring oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide from it?&#10;A)The lungs&#10;B)The parathyroid glands&#10;C)The bronchioles&#10;D)The kidneys&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Body cells require oxygen-rich blood for aerobic...

Question 12

A client suffers a myocardial infarction of the right atrium.The nurse notices that the client is in an irregular heart rhythm.From this information,the nurse infers there is a disturbance of which node of the cardiac conduction system?

A)Internodal pathway
B)Sinoatrial (SA)node
C)Atrioventricular (AV)node
D)Bundle of His

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client suffers a myocardial infarction of...

Question 13

A client asks the nurse which blood vessels supply blood to the heart muscle.Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?&#10;A)&#34;The jugular veins.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;The carotid arteries.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;The coronary arteries.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;The saphenous veins.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client asks the nurse which blood...

Question 14

A leukopenic client is placed in a private room,and visitors are limited.Why are these precautions taken for this client?&#10;A)To keep the client in isolation&#10;B)To protect visitors from infectious respiratory particles&#10;C)To allow for undisturbed rest&#10;D)To protect the client from potential infection&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A leukopenic client is placed in a...

Question 15

The nurse educator is describing the major structures of the cardiovascular system to a group of nursing students.How many major components will the educator teach the students about during the lecture?

A)One
B)Two
C)Three
D)Four

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse educator is describing the major...

Question 16

The nurse educator is describing the structure and function of the myocardium to a group of students working with cardiac clients.What does the nurse educator say is most likely to occur if the myocardium is deprived of oxygen?

A)Sinus rhythm
B)Decreased urine output
C)Hepatosplenomegaly
D)Heart failure

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse educator is describing the structure...

Question 17

The heart requires a bountiful supply of oxygen and other nutrients.Where does the heart obtain oxygen and nutrients? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Right coronary artery
B)Left coronary artery
C)Coronary artery branches
D)Brachial artery
E)Saphenous vein

Accepted Answer

The answer of The heart requires a bountiful supply of...

Question 18

The nurse understands that which vitamin is essential in the process of coagulation?&#10;A)Vitamin A&#10;B)Vitamin K&#10;C)Vitamin C&#10;D)Vitamin D&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse understands that which vitamin is...

Question 19

After an acute myocardial infarction of the left ventricle,a client has irreversible cellular necrosis of the myocardium.The nurse planning care determines that which nursing diagnosis would be the highest priority at this time?

A)Activity Intolerance
B)Infection,Risk for
C)Breathing Pattern,Ineffective
D)Cardiac Output,Decreased

Accepted Answer

The answer of After an acute myocardial infarction of the...

Question 20

A client having a stress test exhibits an increased heart rate and stronger cardiac contraction but no chest pain.What is occurring to this client's coronary arteries?&#10;A)Constriction&#10;B)Dilation&#10;C)Vasospasm&#10;D)No change is occurring.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client having a stress test exhibits...

Question 21

A client has severe atherosclerosis and hypertension.Which statement about cardiac output will be true?&#10;A)Afterload will be low.&#10;B)Cardiac output will be unaffected.&#10;C)Cardiac output will be low.&#10;D)Preload will be high.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client has severe atherosclerosis and hypertension.Which...

Question 22

A cardiovascular nurse is orienting a new nurse to the unit.The new nurse questions the steps of the normal cardiac conduction system.The senior nurse explains that action potentials in the myocardium follow which sequence?

A)Sinoatrial (SA)node,internodal pathway,atrioventricular (AV)node,bundle of His,and Purkinje fibers
B)Internodal pathway,sinoatrial (SA)node,atrioventricular (AV)node,and Purkinje fibers
C)Atrioventricular (AV)node,sinoatrial (SA)node,bundle of His,and internodal pathway
D)Purkinje fibers,bundle of His,atrioventricular (AV)node,internodal pathway,and sinoatrial (SA)node

Accepted Answer

The answer of A cardiovascular nurse is orienting a new...

Question 23

A client with an exacerbation of heart failure is experiencing fluid volume overload.The nurse understands that which regulator of blood pressure will most likely be secreted during this exacerbation?&#10;A)Renin&#10;B)Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)&#10;C)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)&#10;D)Aldosterone&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client with an exacerbation of heart...

Question 24

The nurse knows that which hormones play a role in regulating blood pressure? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Estrogen
B)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C)Testosterone
D)Renin
E)Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse knows that which hormones play...

Question 25

A nurse administers an IV antihypertensive medication,causing an immediate reduction in blood pressure.The baroreceptors respond by attempting to return blood pressure back to normal by accelerating the heart rate.Which term will the nurse use when documenting this phenomenon?

A)Reflex tachycardia
B)Ventricular tachycardia
C)Re-entry tachycardia
D)Supraventricular tachycardia

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse administers an IV antihypertensive medication,causing...

Question 26

The nurse knows that which items are recognized by chemoreceptors in the large vessels as a regulatory mechanism of blood pressure? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Pressure
B)Oxygen
C)Carbon dioxide
D)pH
E)Water

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse knows that which items are...

Question 27

A client recently diagnosed with hypertension asks the nurse,&#34;What did it mean when the doctor told me I have peripheral resistance?&#34; Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?&#10;A)&#34;The friction that the blood encounters in the arteries is called peripheral resistance.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;The resistance in the veins of your arms and legs is called peripheral resistance.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;It is the resistance on the heart by the pulmonary artery.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;I will ask the health care provider to come back and explain it to you.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client recently diagnosed with hypertension asks...

Question 28

A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that will cause constriction of the arteries.The nurse expects that which vital sign parameter will be monitored most closely after administration of this medication?

A)Respiratory rate
B)Blood pressure
C)Temperature
D)Pulse rate

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is preparing to administer a...

Question 29

The nurse asks a group of nursing students to name examples of positive inotropic agents.The nurse knows the students understand this concept when they name which agents? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Epinephrine
B)Norepinephrine
C)Dopamine
D)Quinidine
E)Propranolol

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse asks a group of nursing...

Question 30

The vasomotor center of the brain raises or lowers blood pressure based on information from which items?&#10;A)Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors&#10;B)Anterior and posterior pituitary&#10;C)Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex&#10;D)Medulla oblongata and chemoreceptor trigger zone&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The vasomotor center of the brain raises...

Question 31

A nurse is reading a client's medical record and notes that the client's cardiac output (CO)is listed as 5 L/min.Which calculation was used to determine the CO?&#10;A)Heart rate (beats/min)/ stroke volume (mL/beat).&#10;B)Systolic blood pressure &#215; heart rate (beats/min).&#10;C)Systolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure.&#10;D)Stroke volume (mL/beat)&#215; heart rate (beats/min).&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is reading a client's medical...

Question 32

A dehydrated client quickly receives a liter of intravenous fluid infusion to increase circulating blood volume.The nurse would expect which changes in the client's vital signs?&#10;A)A decrease in respiratory rate from 20 breaths/min to 12 breaths/min&#10;B)A blood pressure decrease from 180/100 to 90/60&#10;C)A pulse increase from 75 beats/min to 120 beats per minute&#10;D)A blood pressure increase from 90/60 to 120/78&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A dehydrated client quickly receives a liter...

Question 33

A client has a heart rate of 78 beats per minute.Which node is most likely to produce this heart rate?&#10;A)Atrioventricular (AV)node&#10;B)Internodal pathway&#10;C)Sinoatrial (SA)node&#10;D)Purkinje fibers&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client has a heart rate of...

Question 34

A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that will cause constriction of the arteries.The nurse expects that which vital sign parameter will be monitored most closely after administration of this medication?

A)Respiratory rate
B)Blood pressure
C)Temperature
D)Pulse rate

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is preparing to administer a...

Deck 28: Review of the Cardiovascular System