Deck 25: Infections of the Blood and Lymph

Question 1

The louse-borne form of relapsing fever is not

A)Caused by Brucella spp.
B)Commonly associated with up to ten relapses
C)Treated successfully with doxycycline or erythromycin
D)Usually seen in epidemics, whereas the tick-borne form is not

Answer 1

Caused by Brucella spp.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of pneumonic plague?

A)Localization of Yersinia pestis in the lungs
B)Usually fatal if not treated
C)Treated with streptomycin
D)Not usually contagious
E)Development of necrotizing hemorrhagic pneumonia

Answer 2

Not usually contagious

Question 3

Bacteremia is associated with which of the following conditions?

A)Meningitis
B)Skin infections
C)Respiratory tract infections
D)Urinary tract infections
E)All of the choices

Answer 3

All of the choices

Question 4

A bacterial infection affecting heart valves or septa is referred to as

A)Disseminated intravascular coagulation
B)Septic shock
C)Thrombophlebitis
D)Infectious endocarditis

Question 5

Lyme disease presents with all of the following except

A)Migratory "bull's eye" rash
B)Buboes
C)Myocarditis
D)Meningoencephalitis
E)Arthritis

Question 6

Which of the following is not a characteristic of tularemia?

A)Zoonotic infection
B)Ulcerated papule at inoculation site
C)Treated with streptomycin
D)Associated with skinning infected animals
E)Mortality rate of untreated cases exceeds 90%

Question 7

All of the following describe Rickettsia except

A)Animal reservoirs
B)Obligate intracellular parasite
C)Arthropod vector transmission
D)Use of actin polymerization to move through and between host cells
E)Gram-positive coccobacillus

Question 8

The movement of bacteria from _____ is the most common route linked to extravascular infections.

A)Bloodstream → lymphatics → tissues
B)Tissues → lymphatics → bloodstream
C)Lymphatics → tissue → bloodstream
D)Tissues → bloodstream → lymphatics

Question 9

_____ infectious endocarditis presents with high fever,whereas _____ infectious endocarditis presents with low-grade fever.

A)Acute; chronic
B)Subacute; chronic
C)acute; subacute
D)acute; vegetative

Question 10

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A)The causative agent multiplies in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels
B)Calf muscle tenderness
C)Treated with sulfonamides
D)Rash caused by thrombocytosis
E)Mortality reduced from 25% to 5-7% with treatment

Question 11

Undulant fever,a cycling pattern of high fever,night sweats,and weight loss,is characteristic of an infection with

A)Francisella tularensis
B)Yersinia pestis
C)Borrelia burgdorferi
D)Rickettsia spp.
E)Brucella spp.

Question 12

All of the following are examples of how tularemia is transmitted to humans except

A)Inhalation
B)Ingesting tainted meat
C)Flea bite
D)Direct contact with wound
E)Contaminated water

Question 13

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Typhus: Rickettsia prowazekii
B)Epidemic typhus: Xenophsylla cheopis
C)Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Rickettsia rickettsii
D)Rickettsial pox: Rickettsia akari

Question 14

Septic shock symptoms

A)Are caused by endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria
B)Are caused by peptidoglycan of Gram-positive
C)Include low blood pressure
D)Include decreased urination
E)All the choices are involved

Question 15

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Embolus: derived from mature vegetation
B)Endocarditis: extravascular infection
C)Immune complex aggregates: nephritis
D)Thrombophlebitis: infection of the veins
E)Subacute infective endocarditis: low-grade fever

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Borrelia burgdorferi?

A)Transmitted to humans by Ixodes tick larvae
B)Long doubling time of 8-24 hours
C)Majority of cases worldwide occur in the United States
D)Mice are the primary reservoir
E)Gram-negative coccobacillus

Question 17

Primary infection of endemic typhus is from

A)Human to rodent
B)Human to human
C)Rodent to human
D)Rodent to rodent

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding epidemic typhus is false?

A)Epidemic typhus can be acquired through wounds, the eyes, respiratory tract, and mucous membranes
B)Epidemic typhus is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi
C)Symptoms of epidemic typhus include fever, rash, and headache
D)Myocarditis and central nervous system dysfunction are complications of typhus
E)Vascular lesions develop systemically and also in the adrenal glands

Question 19

Rarely is mortality observed in untreated infections caused by

A)Rickettsia rickettsii
B)Rickettsia typhi
C)Francisella tularensis
D)Yersinia pestis
E)Rickettsia prowazekii

Question 20

Epidemic typhus is transmitted by _____,whereas endemic typhus is transmitted by _____.

A)Lice; ticks
B)Ticks; fleas
C)Fleas; lice
D)Lice; fleas
E)Fleas; ticks

Question 21

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Because the ID₅₀ for tularemia is large there are many routes to tularemia infection.

Question 22

Arbovirus infections present with all the following symptoms except

A)Cellular necrosis
B)Encephalitis
C)Hemolytic anemia
D)Fever
E)Inflammation

Question 23

The most common vector for transmission of arboviruses is the

A)Louse
B)Tick
C)Mosquito
D)Flea
E)Sand-fly

Question 24

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: The cycle is different for the louse-borne form of relapsing fever because lice have only human hosts.

Question 25

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Arbovirus infections can be classified as fever infections because this symptom is always present.

Question 26

Filariasis is caused by

A)Trypanosoma cruzi
B)Brugia malayi and Trypanosoma brucei
C)Trypanosoma brucei
D)Wuchereria bancrofti
E)Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 27

All of the following are examples of arboviruses except

A)Dengue virus
B)Yellow fever virus
C)Epstein-Barr virus
D)West Nile virus

Question 28

Compare the Ebola and Marburg infections.Which was discovered in Europe?

A)Ebola
B)Marburg
C)Both Ebola and Marburg
D)Neither Ebola or Marburg

Question 29

All of the following are true about Epstein-Barr virus except

A)Has the largest viral genome
B)Enters B lymphocytes
C)Causes infectious mononucleosis
D)EBNAs are expressed by infected B cells
E)It is human herpesvirus 4

Question 30

Compare the Ebola and Marburg infections.Which was discovered in Africa?

A)Ebola
B)Marburg
C)Both Ebola and Marburg
D)Neither Ebola or Marburg

Question 31

Chagas' disease is transmitted by

A)Reduviids
B)Fleas
C)Ticks
D)Mosquitoes
E)Lice

Question 32

Compare the Ebola and Marburg infections.Which is caused by a filovirus?

A)Ebola
B)Marburg
C)Both Ebola and Marburg
D)Neither Ebola or Marburg

Question 33

Which of the following regarding cytomegalovirus (CMV)is not correct?

A)More than 50% of the population has been exposed to CMV
B)CMV can be transmitted through breast milk, blood transfusions, and organ transplants
C)Congenital infection with CMV rarely has consequences
D)Reactivation of latent CMV infections occurs in immunosuppressed individuals

Question 34

Chagas' disease is caused by

A)Toxoplasma gondii
B)Trypanosoma brucei
C)Trypanosoma cruzi
D)Wuchereria bancrofti
E)Brugia malayi

Question 35

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: The deer host is essential to the existence of Lyme disease because this is transmitted by mosquitoes which feed on deer blood.

Question 36

Compare the Ebola and Marburg infections.A vaccine is available for

A)Ebola
B)Marburg
C)Both Ebola and Marburg
D)Neither Ebola or Marburg

Question 37

Yellow fever may present with all of the following except

A)Fever
B)Parasitemia
C)Hepatic necrosis
D)Bradycardia
E)Myocardial destruction

Question 38

Compare the Ebola and Marburg infections.Which virus is known to replicate in vascular endothelial cells?

A)Ebola
B)Marburg
C)Both Ebola and Marburg
D)Neither Ebola or Marburg

Question 39

Which of the following statements about filariasis is false?

A)Filariasis is caused by threadlike nematodes
B)Microfilariae move between the systemic circulation during the day to the pulmonary circulation during the night
C)Humans are the only host for the causative agents of filariasis
D)Recurrent filariasis may lead to elephantiasis
E)There are no known treatments for filariasis

Question 40

Compare the Ebola and Marburg infections.Effective treatment is available for which disease?

A)Ebola
B)Marburg
C)Both Ebola and Marburg
D)Neither Ebola or Marburg

Question 41

Discuss three conditions that facilitate the accumulation of pathogens on heart valves during infectious endocarditis.

Question 42

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: Yellow fever is a potential threat to the southeastern United States because the vector for this virus has migrated to this area.

Question 43

Explain the difference between bubonic plague and pneumonic plague.

Question 44

Describe the symptoms leading up to,culminating in,and after septic shock.Explain which measures should be taken to resolve sepsis conditions.

Question 45

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: The periodicity of filarial movement between the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation is important because it determines which type of mosquito will serve as the vector and intermediate host.

Question 46

Name three different ticks in the United States known to harbor Rickettsia rickettsii.Explain how R.rickettsii are able to continue their propagation in ticks without adverse effects to their life cycle or survival.

Question 47

Explain why members of Rickettsia are considered to have characteristics of both bacteria and viruses.Which diseases are caused by pathogenic Rickettsiae?

Question 48

What are the most common complications of infectious endocarditis? Identify the four most common bacterial sources of infectious endocarditis.

Question 49

Identify the causative agent and the three types of tularemia.Compare and contrast the pathology associated with each type of tularemia.

Question 50

Identify the symptoms and complications of infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).Name three types of malignant infection that can occur as a consequence of EBV infection.Which individuals are most likely to experience these malignancies?

Question 51

Describe the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Question 52

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: The reduviid is referred to as the kissing bug because it spreads Chagas' disease by kissing.