Deck 13: Worlds Entangled 1600-1750

Question 1

How did European seaborne commerce in Asia compare with its commerce in the Americas?

A) In Asia,European merchants were much more successful in spreading Christianity.
B) In Asia,European merchants struggled to conquer empires or control large territories.
C) In Asia,European merchants found populations more eager for European goods.
D) In Asia,European merchants from different nation-states did not compete with each other for access to markets.

Answer 1

In Asia,European merchants struggled to conquer empires or control large territories.

Question 2

Which of the following was a consequence of the fact that European buyers preferred male slaves?

A) Gender imbalance in the Americas contributed to the continuation of the transatlantic slave trade.
B) Polyandry became common in the Americas,monogamy in Africa.
C) Slave owners could not engage in sexual relations with female slaves.
D) Slave-catchers for all African markets targeted men more than they did women.

Answer 2

Gender imbalance in the Americas contributed to the continuation of the transatlantic slave trade.

Question 3

What led European countries other than Spain and Portugal to turn to cultivation in order to extract wealth from their American colonies?

A) The English had a strong tradition of agriculture and few commercial connections.
B) Little mineral wealth was found in the English,French,or Dutch colonies.
C) The Dutch did not have the right technology to transport heavy cargoes across the open ocean,so they turned to farming.
D) Other European countries saw the negative impact of mineral wealth on Spain and so rejected it as a source of income.

Answer 3

Little mineral wealth was found in the English,French,or Dutch colonies.

Question 4

What was the major reason that European states wanted to prevent their New World colonies from trading with other states?

A) They were concerned that missionaries would convert their colonists to other religions.
B) They were concerned about intermarriage between people from different states and cultures.
C) They wanted to prevent the importation of slaves to colonies that had outlawed slavery.
D) They wanted to prevent the spread of wealth to states other than their own.

Question 5

Where and when did the coffeehouse first emerge?

A) In the commercial district of London in the seventeenth century.
B) In Islamic lands in the fifteenth century.
C) In the imperial Chinese court in the twelfth century.
D) In Northeastern Brazil in the eighteenth century.

Question 6

What,according to mercantilist thinkers,was the purpose of colonies?

A) To encourage international cooperation through free trade
B) To enrich the states that had founded them
C) To allow merchants to profit by diversifying their economic investments
D) To act as laboratories in which new methods of state administration could be tested

Question 7

The English colonial model in the New World differed from that of other European states in that it:

A) depended on enslaving native peoples to mine silver.
B) depended on peaceful relationships and trade with native peoples.
C) resulted from a desire to spread Christianity to as many parts of the world as possible.
D) dispossessed native peoples from their lands in order to accommodate a growing English settler population.

Question 8

Which of the following was the most common way that African slaves in the Americas resisted the conditions of their enslavement?

A) They formed committees to petition the government for better conditions.
B) Hundreds of violent slave revolts broke out across the Caribbean.
C) Slaves tried to increase their productivity,so that their masters would free them as a reward.
D) Thousands of slaves fled to the remote interiors of Brazil or the Caribbean islands.

Question 9

What was a consequence of Europeans' introduction of firearms into North America?

A) Native peoples refused to use firearms,clinging to traditional weapons.
B) Amerindian groups used the weapons to unite against the European invaders.
C) Amerindian groups fought each other as they sought to increase their hunting and trapping ranges.
D) Native peoples traded guns for alcohol,which they then bartered for trade goods.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the initial relationship that developed between French North American colonists and Amerindians?

A) The French allied with the English against Amerindians.
B) Wars with the French displaced native peoples from their homelands.
C) The French relied on native peoples' knowledge of trapping and adapted to Amerindian ways.
D) The French brought new agricultural techniques,which improved the diet of native peoples.

Question 11

Which of the following was a consequence of the increasing wealth of European states?

A) A growing division arose between monarchs and merchants.
B) An expanding diet led to a decrease in European tooth decay.
C) European states grew rich enough to wage almost unceasing wars against one another.
D) A belief that European states should open up their colonial markets to trade with their European rivals

Question 12

What role did Europeans play in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century slave trade in Africa?

A) Europeans relied on the Muslim slave trade in North and East Africa to bring slaves from the interior.
B) Europeans introduced the idea of slavery to Africa for the first time,ending centuries of peaceful agriculture and hunting.
C) Europeans sent armies armed with firearms to invade the African interior,seizing prisoners as slaves.
D) Europeans remained in coastal enclaves,depending on indigenous political and trading networks to bring slaves to them.

Question 13

By 1789,which country held the richest sugar colony?

A) France
B) Portugal
C) England
D) Spain

Question 14

Which of the following describes events in the Kongo kingdom in the seventeenth century?

A) The Portuguese decisively defeated Queen Nzinga,opening the country to Portuguese control.
B) Kidnapping became so prevalent that cultivators worked their fields bearing weapons,leaving their children behind in guarded stockades.
C) Members of the Kongo royal family united to oppose the Europeans.
D) The Kongo kingdom conquered the Asante and traded captured prisoners as slaves.

Question 15

Which of the following groups benefited most from the wealth generated by the Atlantic system?

A) European sailors
B) African warriors
C) European elites
D) African elites

Question 16

What was the economic philosophy called that assumed that the world's wealth was fixed and one country could only increase its wealth at the expense of another?

A) Capitalism
B) Absolutism
C) Monetarism
D) Mercantilism

Question 17

How did the Asante kingdom use its access to gold to begin its growth and development?

A) The Asante used their gold to buy firearms,which they used to raid neighboring communities for captives to be sold as slaves.
B) The Asante used their gold to trade across the Saharan caravan routes for salt,which was a necessity of life in the rain forest.
C) The Asante used gold to bribe the Europeans to keep them from capturing Asante people as slaves.
D) The Asante used gold to finance scholarly and architectural centers like Timbuktu.

Question 18

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,what was the average life expectancy of an African slave brought to the Caribbean?

A) Six months
B) Three years
C) Ten years
D) Fifteen years

Question 19

Which of the following accurately describes labor on Caribbean sugar plantations?

A) Slaves often dropped dead from exhaustion,working up to sixteen-hour days.
B) Plantation managers,in order to have a healthy and productive workforce,provided their slaves with an adequate diet.
C) Indentured Europeans and convicts provided the bulk of plantation labor.
D) Family groups provided stability for Caribbean slave populations.

Question 20

Which of the following was the most lucrative source of wealth for European planters in the Americas in the seventeenth century?

A) Rice
B) Corn
C) Spices
D) Sugar

Question 21

Aside from land rents,what was a major source of revenue for the Mughal emperors?

A) Additional taxes on foreign merchants
B) Tribute from overseas conquests
C) Savings from decreasing the cost of government
D) Europeans' increased demand for Indian textiles

Question 22

Which of the following factors made the Safavid Empire the most unstable of the large Muslim states?

A) Weak rulers and internal divisions
B) Loss of trade revenue and land to the Mughals
C) Invasion by the Portuguese and Dutch
D) The influence of Europeans and Indians at the Safavid court

Question 23

Which of the following was used by Tokugawa Ieyasu to secure relative peace,which lasted for two centuries after his death?

A) He gave more power to the daimyo to control rogue samurai called ronin.
B) He declared himself shogun and established a hereditary system of succession.
C) He arranged marriages among the children of local authorities to solidify political bonds.
D) He kept the population in check to avoid famine and peasant revolts.

Question 24

In 1600,what enabled the Dutch East India Company to raise ten times the capital that the English East India Company could raise?

A) Amsterdam had the most efficient money market,with the lowest interest rates in the world.
B) The Dutch controlled the trade in East Indian spices and used their sale to generate capital.
C) The English had not yet developed financial systems such as joint stock companies and banks.
D) The Dutch monarchs provided large amounts of capital to the Dutch East India Company.

Question 25

For what reason did the Dutch kill or enslave nearly the entire population of the Banda Islands?

A) The Dutch wanted to construct a fort to protect themselves from the Spaniards in Manila.
B) The Dutch wanted revenge after the traditional chiefs of Banda killed Dutch diplomats.
C) The Dutch wanted to buy nutmeg at a low price in the Banda Islands and sell nutmeg at many times that price in Europe.
D) The Dutch wanted to intimidate the inhabitants of the nearby Maluku islands into selling their silk only to the Dutch.

Question 26

Which is an accurate comparison of the Ottoman,Mughal,and Ming Chinese leaders during this period?

A) None benefited substantially from the foreign commerce in which their merchants engaged.
B) All saw increased agricultural yields in the seventeenth century.
C) None supported the expansion of naval power.
D) All were strengthened by the influx of silver from the Americas.

Question 27

The Ming Dynasty's administrative and economic difficulties were evidenced by:

A) decreased revenues caused by increasing monetization.
B) failure to maintain a bureaucracy.
C) failure to respond effectively to natural disasters.
D) decreased support for foreign trade.

Question 28

Since there was no demand for European products in Asia,what steps did the Dutch take to reduce the need to use precious metals to pay for Asian spices?

A) Dutch privateers captured Spanish treasure ships bound for Manila.
B) The Dutch used their merchant ships to increase their participation in inter-Asian trade.
C) The Dutch introduced the opium trade to Southeast Asia.
D) Dutch merchants used paper money and letters of credit to pay for spices.

Question 29

In what way did the Canton system seek to control trade?

A) It allowed no official trade between Chinese and European merchants.
B) It required European traders to have Chinese merchants act as guarantors for their good behavior and payment of fees.
C) It required European merchants to check in at Canton before proceeding into China's interior to trade.
D) It only allowed Dutch merchants to trade with China.

Question 30

Which of the following was a long-term effect of the Atlantic trade on Africa?

A) Traditional holders of power,such as village elders and women,became even more powerful.
B) Power struggles between warrior elites decreased as they united to fight the Europeans.
C) On top of the population lost to the slave trade,diseases from the Americas decimated the African people.
D) American food crops produced more calories per acre than traditional African staples,which partially offset the population loss of the slave trade.

Question 31

In general,the slave trade helped shift wealth toward which African social group?

A) Village elders
B) Warrior elites
C) Religious leaders
D) Subsistence farmers

Question 32

What was an effect of early Ottoman rulers' decision to avoid trade with the outside world?

A) The decision promoted increased investment in local Ottoman industries such as silk production.
B) The decision led to Ottoman rulers becoming dependent on loans of silver from wealthy merchants.
C) The decision led to economic expansion and increased Ottoman tax revenue.
D) The decision caused European buyers to look elsewhere to buy wheat,copper,and wool.

Question 33

Which of the following accurately describes the role of silver in early seventeenth-century China?

A) The primacy of silver made peasants' lives easier.
B) China increasingly relied on the global trading system for silver,making the Chinese economy vulnerable to dislocation.
C) The quantity of Japanese silver specie shipped to China rose steadily throughout the period.
D) The Dutch,English,and Spanish cooperated with one another to ensure China received a steady supply of New World silver.

Question 34

How did relations between the Ottoman Empire and its merchants compare with those between European nation-states and their merchants?

A) Ottoman merchants attained considerable political power,whereas European merchants struggled to assert their interests.
B) Ottoman merchants were supported by liberal trade policies,whereas European merchants were constrained by mercantilist policies.
C) Ottoman merchants became a significant source of tax revenue for the state,whereas European merchants were often a drain on state resources.
D) Ottoman merchants regularly feuded with rulers,whereas European merchants tended to have a mutually beneficial relationship with rulers.

Question 35

Why can historians claim that Mughal rulers were victims of their own success?

A) The combination of prosperity and dependence on local elites for governance allowed the local elites to become more autonomous.
B) The policy of religious toleration encouraged fighting among representatives of different religions.
C) Mughal support for the orthodox ulama led to rebellions among heterodox Muslims and non-Muslims.
D) Peasant revolts against the cash economy undermined the empire's tax base.

Question 36

Which of the following helped to destabilize the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century?

A) Mughal invaders took over large amounts of Ottoman territory in the eastern part of the empire.
B) The Ottomans lacked the initiative to make needed administrative reforms.
C) The Ottoman population was declining due to diseases from the Americas,leaving it too weak to resist foreign encroachment.
D) Military campaigns and a growing population strained the empire's resources.

Question 37

During the seventeenth century,rising levels of global commerce increased prosperity in the Ming and Mughal Empires but also led to which of the following?

A) Great pandemics
B) Widespread famine
C) A decline in centralized state control
D) The loss of political independence

Question 38

Which of the following was a consequence of the political and economic disorder in the Ottoman Empire in the seventeenth century?

A) The Mamluks in Egypt asserted political and commercial autonomy.
B) The influence of merchants in Ottoman politics increased.
C) The Koprulu reforms failed to reenergize the Ottoman government.
D) The Ottoman sultans turned to the Safavids for military support.

Question 39

For what reason did the Tokugawa shoguns expel all foreign traders except for the Dutch?

A) The Japanese did not have the capacity to collect taxes from dispersed trading companies.
B) The Japanese feared that British technology would destabilize Japan.
C) The Dutch did not proselytize.
D) The Dutch would not undercut the Japanese economy by importing silver.

Question 40

Which of the following strategies contributed to the early success of the Qing dynasty?

A) They lightened taxes on the peasants and increased taxes on the gentry.
B) They presented themselves as upholders of familial values and traditional Chinese culture.
C) They promoted intermarriage between Manchus and the Han.
D) They retracted the Ming canton system.

Question 41

Olaudah Equiano observed that the variety of slavery that he observed on his slave ship was much worse than the slavery experienced by African slaves in Africa.

Question 42

In what way was the principality of Moscow similar to both Japan and China in this period?

A) All three controlled diverse populations through strong central government.
B) All three used territorial expansion and commercial networks to consolidate state power.
C) All three consolidated power through identification with one religion.
D) All three granted favorable trade status to the Dutch.

Question 43

Which of the following was an effect of the enclosure of common lands in the English countryside during the seventeenth century?

A) Chartered companies increased in number and spread to the countryside.
B) Serfdom was imposed on the remaining English peasants.
C) Agricultural productivity dropped drastically,leading to famines.
D) Landowners began to plant new crops to sell in distant,instead of domestic,markets.

Question 44

Which of the following undermined both the Ottoman and Mughal Empires?

A) The inability to placate diverse ethnic groups led to warfare,which undermined their political systems.
B) The influx of silver from the Americas created inflation,which undermined their economic autonomy.
C) The territorial expansion of Russia took provinces from both the Ottoman and Mughal Empires.
D) Religious strife within Islam sapped the government and social systems of both the Ottomans and Mughals.

Question 45

What was a global effect of the Seven Years' War?

A) France and Spain both gained new territorial holdings in the Americas.
B) Russia completed its annexation of Siberia and controlled lands from the Baltic to the Pacific.
C) Great Britain emerged as the world's strongest colonial power,making it harder for indigenous people to pit European powers against one another.
D) Indigenous people who sided with the winners,the Dutch and the British,were able to gain favorable concessions including release of people held as forced laborers on plantations and in mines.

Question 46

The demographic impact of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was as devastating as the impact of Afro-Eurasian diseases on Amerindians in the sixteenth century.

Question 47

The Thirty Years' War saw the emergence of centralized standing armies,a meritocratic professional officer corps,and the standardized use of gunpowder,cannons,and muskets.

Question 48

In general,English colonists had a much more antagonistic relationship with Indians in North America than did French colonists.

Question 49

Which of the following was a consequence of the Thirty Years' War?

A) Protestant states triumphed in Central and Eastern Europe,replacing the Austrian Habsburgs.
B) Central Europe's populations and economies did not recover for more than a century.
C) The German economy prospered,as it was a center for manufacturing new weapons such as cannons.
D) Russia emerged as a great European power in the power vacuum that followed the Treaty of Westphalia.

Question 50

Which of the following led Russians to migrate to Siberia?

A) Many were fleeing serfdom and religious persecution.
B) Many wanted to improve their economic status by acquiring free land from the government.
C) Some believed they were taking part in a glorious crusade against polytheistic native Siberians.
D) Some wanted to work in the lucrative salt mines.

Question 51

By the nineteenth century,about as many African slaves as Europeans had migrated to the Americas.

Question 52

Why did European wars expand into global confrontations?

A) European countries called on their allies in Africa and Asia to support them militarily.
B) European armies skirmished around the globe over religion.
C) The Portuguese attacked English and Dutch outposts in Asia and the Americas.
D) Conflicts over overseas colonies and trade routes replaced earlier regional religious and territorial struggles.

Question 53

Under the absolutist system of King Louis XIV of France,the king could overrule his jurists and proclaim law.

Question 54

Both the Tokugawa Shogunate and Mughal leaders allowed merchants a great degree of autonomy in conducting foreign trade.

Question 55

Silver was the single most important commodity for the integration of global trade.

Question 56

How did Dutch merchants contribute to the development of European commerce?

A) They established a stock exchange,a banking system,and a system for insuring cargoes.
B) They raised the price of shipping in order to help Europeans make a profit in the Atlantic trade.
C) They encouraged the monetization of European economies by importing large quantities of silver and gold.
D) They invented mercantilism.

Question 57

Under the French model of absolutism,to whom was the king accountable?

A) The nobility
B) Jurists
C) God
D) The people

Question 58

The Mughal dynasty made a successful effort to develop a naval presence in the Indian Ocean to forestall the growing European influence in the region.

Question 59

Which of the following prevented English monarchs,such as Queen Elizabeth I,from establishing an absolutist regime?

A) English monarchs were legally required to obtain the consent of Parliament in order to raise funds.
B) England was religiously unified,removing an issue that allowed monarchs to discredit their opponents.
C) England was composed of several independent duchies,which refused to allow the monarch to have absolute power.
D) English monarchs never wanted to centralize their authority.

Question 60

For the Baron de Wimpffen,whites on St.Domingue formed one distinctive class of people.

Question 61

Describe the colonial empires that emerged in North America and the Caribbean between 1600 and 1750.Analyze the factors that shaped a colony's development.

Question 62

Describe the establishment of the Qing dynasty in China and the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan and compare the ways each asserted its legitimacy and responded to the challenges of global economic integration.

Question 63

Compare the evolution of the English state and its policies with the evolution of the Russian state and its policies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Question 64

Compare the impact of global economic integration on the Ottoman Empire with its impact on the Mughal Empire.How did each dynasty respond to external economic inputs,and how important were they for the evolution of each empire?

Question 65

Analyze the impact of the Atlantic slave trade on African societies between 1600 and 1750.In the aggregate,which social groups benefited,and which did not? How did participation in the slave trade contribute to the formation of states,and what were its pitfalls?