Deck 33: Protostomes

Question 1

The lophophore of a brachiopod serves the same function as the ________ in a bivalve.

A)Mantle
B)Foot
C)Shell
D)Gills

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Interoctopus communication is facilitated by

A)a radula.
B)mantle connections.
C)chromatophores.
D)chemical pheromones.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What change would result for a land snail that had a mutation interfering with chitin formation?

A)It would have a soft,demineralized shell.
B)It would have difficulty feeding.
C)It could not form its exoskeleton.
D)Molting would not be possible.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What would result if a leech had a mutation causing it to secrete low levels of anticoagulants?

A)The pain of the leech bite would cause the leech to be detected.
B)The leech would have a hard time locating appropriate hosts.
C)The blood would stop flowing after a short time.
D)The leech would have a hard time remaining attached to its host.

Question 5

A snail in your garden and an oyster are quite different in appearance.What would be evidence to justify grouping them together?

A)Both use a radula for feeding.
B)Both have a mantle capable of secreting calcium carbonate.
C)Both use siphons to obtain oxygen.
D)Both have sensory antenna.

Question 6

Pinworm is a nematode parasite that lives in the human rectum,and causes itching in the anal area.What best explains the itching symptom?

A)Any kind of parasite will naturally irritate the skin.
B)The itching induces the person to scratch,helping to spread the parasite to another person.
C)The itching is a side-effect when the immune system has successfully attacked the nematode.
D)The itching is because of the mismatch between humans and the parasite's natural host.

Question 7

Barnacles are sessile filter feeders but unlike bivalves they have internal fertilization.How do they solve this problem?

A)The filter sperm from the water column.
B)They get fertilized during free living larval stages.
C)They are only capable of asexual reproduction.
D)They are hermaphrodites with especially long penises.

Question 8

Inside its beak an octopus has a rasping tongue that is used to tear apart food.Which gastropod structure is this analogous to?

A)Mantle
B)Shell
C)Radula
D)Nephridium

Question 9

An entomologist observed a locust sitting on a branch pumping its abdomen like an accordion.What is the insect most likely doing?

A)Speeding the flow of blood through its veins and arteries
B)Assisting gas exchange in the tracheal system
C)Clearing its spinnerets
D)Stretching out its pedipalps

Question 10

How could a paleontologist distinguish between a bryozoan fossil and a brachiopod fossil?

A)Bryozoans are large and solitary.
B)Zoecia are always found in aggregates.
C)You can only distinguish the two by examining the lophophore.
D)Bryozoans often look like bivalves.

Question 11

At a celebratory dinner for a recent publication,a marine biologist ordered the lobster claw appetizer.What part did she order?

A)Nauplius
B)Telson
C)Uropods
D)Cheliped

Question 12

Humans have direct development,a closed circulatory system,well-developed eyes,and large brains.Which mollusk also shares these features?

A)Chiton
B)Slug
C)Octopus
D)Nudibranch

Question 13

What is a simple way for determining if an annelid is a member of Errantia (a polychaete)or Sedentaria (a clitellate)?

A)The number of segments
B)Possession of a closed circulatory system
C)The amount of chaetae (setae)
D)The layout of the digestive system

Question 14

In what way are a human and a crab similar?

A)Vertebrates and arthropods are deuterostomes.
B)Both have muscles that pull against rigid skeletons.
C)Both have closed circulatory systems.
D)Both have a continuous growth pattern.

Question 15

If a hiker picked up a mollusk on a trail in a rain forest,what class would it belong to?

A)Gastropoda
B)Polyplacophora
C)Bivalvia
D)Cephalopoda

Question 16

Which feature is an evolutionary novelty of hexapods?

A)Jointed appendages
B)Mandibles
C)Chitinous exoskeletons
D)Wings
E)Antennae

Question 17

Scorpions have a prosoma,pedipalps that are modified into claws,and chelicerae.Which taxonomic group are they a member of?

A)Chelicerata
B)Hexapoda
C)Crustacea
D)Myriapoda

Question 18

How would an earthworm stretch its body to reach a patch of dirt after crossing a hot sidewalk?

A)Contraction of the circular muscles
B)Contraction of the longitudinal muscles
C)Relaxing the chaetae (setae)
D)Pulling on the chaetae (setae)

Question 19

Paramecia use cilia for locomotion and for gathering organic matter.How are rotifers similar?

A)Rotifers are single-celled protists.
B)The corona is made of cilia,and used for swimming and feeding.
C)Rotifers and ciliates are thought to have given rise to all other animal phyla.
D)Both lack a gut.

Question 20

Dibenzoylhydrazines are a category of molecules that have been used as insecticides.They work by blocking ecdysteroid receptors.How does this kill an insect?

A)The insect can no longer excrete nitrogenous wastes.
B)The insect cannot molt.
C)The insect can no longer coordinate its movements.
D)The chitinous exoskeleton is dissolved.

Question 21

The molluscan class ________ includes the snails and slugs.

Question 22

Turbellarian flatworms have a distinct head.When compared to the head of an insect,what is the flatworm head missing?

A)Sensory organs
B)light-sensitive structures
C)Anterior collection of nerve cells
D)A mouth

Question 23

Examples of mollusks that live on land are the

A)earthworms.
B)land crabs.
C)mussels.
D)scorpions.
E)snails and slugs.

Question 24

The evolution of jointed appendages has made ________ very successful.

Question 25

In mollusks,the folds of tissue that arise from the dorsal body wall and enclose a cavity surrounding the visceral mass are called the

A)foot.
B)mantle.
C)nephridia.
D)radula.
E)lophophore.

Question 26

The phylum that includes snails,clams,oysters,and octopuses is the

A)Ectoprocta.
B)Brachiopoda.
C)Mollusca.
D)Annelida.
E)Phoronida.

Question 27

Brachiopods develop as protostomes,but they show ________ cleavage.

Question 28

According to the modern classification scheme,which animal would be a spider's closest relative?

A)A snail
B)An earthworm
C)A tapeworm
D)A roundworm
E)A squid

Question 29

Annelids are characterized by serial ________.

Question 30

The rasping tongue,the radula,is present in which molluscan group?

A)bivalve
B)oyster
C)clam
D)snail
E)scallops

Question 31

Squids and octopuses move by means of water movement through their

A)tentacles.
B)cilia and flagella.
C)modified mantle cavity.
D)muscular foot.
E)radula.

Question 32

Why doesn't a tapeworm have a mouth on its scolex?

A)The mouth is on the proglottids.
B)Endoparasites don't need a mouth.
C)The mouth is located at the end of the pharynx.
D)Tapeworms use a radula instead of a mouth to feed.

Question 33

In many arthropods,body segments have become fused into functional groups called ________.

Question 34

The nitrogenous waste in mollusks is removed by

A)flame cells.
B)nephridia.
C)Malpighian tubules.
D)incurrent siphon.
E)flagella.

Question 35

In their basic body plan,mollusks have a visceral mass covered with a soft epithelium and a muscular ________ that is used in locomotion.

Question 36

The phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda have which feature in common?

A)nephridia
B)a lophophore
C)a radula
D)setae
E)a muscular foot

Question 37

Members of the class ________,which include octopuses,squids,and nautiluses,are highly intelligent.

Question 38

A ________ is a circular or U-shaped ridge around the mouth,bearing either one or two rows of ciliated,hollow tentacles.

Question 39

The organ that is responsible for secreting cocoons in the oligochaetes is known as the

A)nephridia.
B)setae.
C)radula.
D)clitellum.
E)lophophore.

Question 40

Many marine mollusks have distinctive larvae which have their bodies encircled by a row of cilia.These larvae are called

A)planulae.
B)polyps.
C)miracidia.
D)zoecia.
E)trochophores.

Question 41

A biologist has been studying a mollusk that does not have a shell.It lives in the marine environment.Of the examples given below,which one did the biologist study?

A)clam
B)snail
C)nautilus
D)chiton
E)octopus

Question 42

In terms of the number of species,the most successful class of arthropods is

A)Hexapoda.
B)Chelicerata.
C)Crustacea.
D)Chilopoda.
E)Myriapoda.

Question 43

Trochophores,the free-swimming larvae of many mollusks,are propelled through the water by

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)flame cells.
D)nephridia.
E)the radula.

Question 44

The evolutionary innovation that first appeared in arthropods and is characteristic of the most successful of all animal groups is that of

A)bilateral symmetry.
B)coelomic body architecture.
C)jointed appendages.
D)segmentation.
E)three primary types of tissues.

Question 45

Annelids possess all of the following except

A)muscles to swim,crawl,and burrow.
B)ganglia to respond to light and respond to other environmental cues.
C)circulatory,excretory,and neural elements in each segment.
D)setae in each segment.
E)adductor muscles.

Question 46

All of the following are either structures or characteristics of members of the Class Bivalvia of the Phylum Mollusca except

A)the mantle.
B)a radula.
C)a shell.
D)gills.
E)open circulation.

Question 47

The cephalopod mollusks have

A)a muscular foot.
B)tentacles.
C)two siphons.
D)setae.
E)jointed appendages.

Question 48

The medicinal leech,once used to withdraw "unhealthy" blood from patients,produces ________ to ensure blood flow from the host?

A)antibiotics
B)antibodies
C)anticoagulants
D)blood clots
E)suture material

Question 49

A marine biologist is conducting research on animals that have a lophophore and two calcified shells.Based on this information,this animal must belong to the phylum

A)Mollusca.
B)Phoronida.
C)Ectoprocta.
D)Bryopoda.
E)Brachiopoda.

Question 50

Radula modification allowed all of the following functions in gastropods except

A)scraping algae off rocks.
B)eating vegetation.
C)boring holes in other mollusk shells.
D)protecting themselves with nematocysts.
E)injecting poison through a harpoon-like structure.

Question 51

The partitions that separate the segments of the annelid body are known as

A)pseudocoels.
B)nephridia.
C)setae.
D)septa.
E)radula.

Question 52

In some arthropods tagmatization has produced a combination of head and thorax known as a

A)cephalothorax.
B)fused corpora.
C)headless mite.
D)larval instar.
E)thoracotomy.

Question 53

Which of the following organs of cephalopods resemble those of the vertebrates?

A)arms
B)nephridia
C)eyes
D)digestive tissues
E)foot

Question 54

Each segment of an annelid typically contains bristles of chitin called

A)cilia.
B)parapodia.
C)chaetae.
D)leglets.

Question 55

The sexual reproduction of earthworms characteristically is

A)hermaphroditic but cross-fertilizing.
B)hermaphroditic but self-fertilizing.
C)normal type between individuals who remain as males and females throughout their lifetime.
D)normal appearing,but individuals change sex periodically.
E)normal appearing,but individuals reproduce only once in their lives.

Question 56

A marine biologist visits your biology class and begins his talk entitled,"Life as a Trochophore." A friend seated next to you asks,"What is a trochophore?" You explain that a trochophore is

A)another name for the veliger stage in earthworm reproduction.
B)a term used to describe a larval form of either the phylum Mollusca or Annelida.
C)another name for the veliger stage in the oyster.
D)similar to a lophophore,but only found in the phylum Annelida.
E)a parasite in the intestines of a bivalve mollusk.

Question 57

Select the mismatched pair of Phylum Mollusca classes and their examples.

A)Polyplacophora-chitons
B)Gastropoda-slugs
C)Bivalvia-snails
D)Cephalopoda-nautilus
E)Gastropoda-nudibranchs

Question 58

Earthworms show all of the following features except

A)containing segments with a mouth on the first and the anus on the last.
B)containing touch-sensitive and light-sensitive organs in the segments.
C)containing fewer setae than in polychaetes.
D)containing distinct head regions and parapodia.
E)being hermaphroditic.

Question 59

You and your biology lab class take a field trip to a marine aquarium.Your guide is a marine biologist who studies squids.She explains to your class how squids are able to blend into their environment.She points out that squids have pouches of pigments embedded in their epithelium.The pouches are called

A)trochophores.
B)spermatophores.
C)lophophores.
D)chromatophores.
E)phytophores.

Question 60

The passage of an arthropod through stages from egg to adult is

A)differentiation.
B)evolution.
C)graduation.
D)metamorphosis.
E)succession.

Question 61

How does a ribbon worm differ from a flatworm?

A)A flatworm has a complete digestive system.
B)A ribbon worm has a mouth and an anus.
C)Flatworms are deuterostomes.
D)Flatworms are radially symmetrical and ribbon worms are bilaterally symmetrical.

Question 62

Chelicerae function as

A)eyes.
B)fangs or pincers.
C)jaws or mandibles.
D)teeth.
E)wings.

Question 63

Which one of the following annelid structures or events is not correctly paired with its role in locomotion?

A)circular muscles contract-segment becomes thin and long
B)longitudinal muscles contract-segment becomes thick and short
C)fluid in coelom-provides a hydrostatic skeleton
D)septum-allows each segment to move independently
E)chaetae-provides gas exchange surface for body muscles

Question 64

Which one of the following incorrectly matches a molluscan group with a feature characterizing that group?

A)Gastropoda-torsion
B)Nudibranchs-extensive gills in mantle cavity
C)Bivalvia-reduced head and no radula
D)Polyplacophora-eight calcareous plates
E)Cephalopoda-closed circulatory system

Question 65

Which one of the following incorrectly matches a molluscan structure with its typical function?

A)ctenidia-secretion of the shell (when present)
B)visceral mass-houses organs of digestion,excretion,reproduction
C)foot-locomotion
D)nephrostome-collection of nitrogenous wastes
E)radula-feeding organ

Question 66

The rigid chitinous exoskeleton of an arthropod has all of the following functions except it

A)provides a place for muscle attachment.
B)protects the animal from predators.
C)impedes water loss.
D)maintains a uniform size for all individuals of that species.
E)prevents injury to the animal.

Question 67

Nauplius,a unique kind of larva,is characteristic of

A)mites.
B)crustaceans.
C)horseshoe crabs.
D)insects.
E)chelicerates.

Question 68

Air passage into the trachea of most insects is controlled by the closing and opening of valves,which operate special openings called

A)spiracles.
B)ocelli.
C)ommatidia.
D)book lungs.
E)Malpighian tubules.

Question 69

Eyes with single lenses that respond to light and darkness are found in many arthropods; these are the

A)compound eyes.
B)ocelli.
C)apposition eyes.
D)ommatidia.
E)superposition segments.

Question 70

The excretory structures of terrestrial arthropods are slender projections from the digestive tract that are attached at the junction of the midgut and hindgut.These are called

A)flame cells.
B)kidneys and bladders.
C)Malpighian tubules.
D)nephridia.
E)ocelli.

Question 71

A marine biologist makes a presentation about crustaceans to your biology class.He explains that he has recently received an NSF grant to study sessile crustaceans.You are only aware of one group of sessile crustaceans.This crustacean must be

A)a lobster.
B)a crayfish.
C)a shrimp.
D)a barnacle.
E)the nauplius.

Question 72

Which one of the following statements about the phylum Brachiopoda is false?

A)Brachiopods are often misidentified as bivalves.
B)Brachiopods were much more diverse in the past.
C)As in bivalves,the valves in brachiopods are lateral (left and right)to the body axis.
D)Most brachiopods are sessile (attached).
E)The lophophore resides within the brachiopod's shells.

Question 73

Decapod crustaceans (shrimps,lobsters,and crabs)all lack

A)a carapace,a dorsal cephalothorax shield.
B)a ventral line of appendages,swimmerets.
C)a tail spine,telson.
D)chelicerae.

Question 74

In arthropods,locomotion is accomplished by muscles that work against

A)each other.
B)the exoskeleton.
C)a hydrostatic skeleton.
D)mineralized bones.
E)the pseudocoel.

Question 75

Compound eyes are composed of independent visual units called

A)apposition segments.
B)ocelli.
C)ommatidia.
D)retinas.
E)simple eyes.

Question 76

The side to side thrashing of a nematode is accomplished by contraction of its circular muscles.

Question 77

An invertebrate biologist is conducting research with crabs.Her interest is ecdysis.This implies that she studies

A)tagmatization processes in crustaceans.
B)how ommatidia function individually in a compound eye.
C)how the HOX gene controls the fusion of the head and thorax into the cephalothorax.
D)how ocelli evolved from mere photoreceptors to imaging lens.
E)the molting process.

Question 78

Spiders and certain other arthropods which lack jaws or mandibles are placed in a subphylum called

A)Agnathae.
B)Amandibulata.
C)blood suckers.
D)chelicerates.
E)mandibulates.

Question 79

Which one of the following insect organ systems has placed the greatest limitation on their body size?

A)nervous system
B)digestive system
C)respiratory system
D)reproductive system
E)excretory system