Deck 34: Deuterostomes

Question 1

A chimpanzee's closest extant relative is a(n)

A)orangutan.
B)mandrill.
C)South American spider monkey.
D)human.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Pulmonary veins carry

A)oxygenated blood.
B)deoxygenated blood.
C)a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which group includes mammals,birds,and reptiles but excludes all other chordates?

A)Vertebrates
B)Amniotes
C)Tetrapods
D)Monotremes
E)Deuterostomes

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Manta rays,sting rays,and eagle rays are similar to lampreys in that they have cartilaginous skeletons.How are they different from lampreys?

A)They have closed circulatory systems.
B)They have gills.
C)They have jaws.
D)They have bony fin lobes.

Question 5

What feature do monkeys share with iguanas but not with bullfrogs?

A)eyes
B)eggs
C)thoracic breathing
D)four-chambered heart

Question 6

All mammals have hair,mammary glands,and a placenta.

Question 7

Frog eggs most closely resemble

A)chicken eggs.
B)fish eggs.
C)platypus eggs.
D)alligator eggs.

Question 8

If an adult human suffered a traumatic injury,could their notochord be damaged?

A)Yes; because the notochord is deep within the body only a severe injury could damage it.
B)No; the notochord is encased in bone and it not susceptible to damage.
C)Yes; damage to the notochord often results in paralysis.
D)No; adult humans do not have a notochord.

Question 9

The breast meat in a bucket of fried chicken is a muscle that normally allows a bird to

A)run.
B)jump.
C)swim.
D)feed.
E)fly.

Question 10

A Tyrannosaurus rex's closest relative is a

A)Komodo dragon.
B)bullfrog.
C)squirrel.
D)chicken.

Question 11

Scuba divers use a BCD to control buoyancy.It is essentially a bag that can be inflated or deflated to prevent excessive sinking or floating.How do bony fish accomplish this?

A)They pump their operculum.
B)They adjust the level of gasses in their swim bladder.
C)They adjust their position using the pectoral and pelvic fins.
D)They swim rapidly to saturate the blood with oxygen.

Question 12

A vertebrate paleontologist is hunting through chalk deposits and finds a set of fused clavicles with some other bone fragments.What has she found?

A)The remains of an amphibian.
B)The remains of a lobe-finned fish.
C)The remains of a bird.
D)The remains of a mammal.

Question 13

What would be an easy way to determine if a skull is a mammal's skull?

A)Look for air sacs in the skull.
B)Examine the teeth.
C)Look for the remains of the tympanum.
D)Measure the brain case volume.

Question 14

The single ventricle in an amphibian heart means the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix.How do amphibians manage to survive despite this inefficiency?

A)The absorb large amounts of fluid.
B)They transport oxygen across the skin.
C)They keep their body temperatures high.
D)They move very slowly.
E)They keep gills into adulthood.

Question 15

Of the primates listed below,a human's closest extant relative is a(n)

A)South American spider monkey.
B)mandrill.
C)orangutan.
D)ring-tailed lemur.

Question 16

Sharks have a number of fleshy gill slits instead of a bony gill cover.How does this affect their behavior?

A)Their movements are slow due to low oxygen.
B)They live only in highly oxygenated water.
C)They keep swimming to move water across their gills.
D)They do not maintain neutral buoyancy.

Question 17

What would happen to an egg that had a nonfunctional chorion?

A)The embryo would suffocate or dehydrate.
B)The embryo would starve in the egg.
C)The embryo would die due to high levels of toxic metabolic wastes.
D)The embryo would develop normally.

Question 18

A tunicate looks like a sponge.How could a biologist distinguish it from a member of the Porifera?

A)Tunicates do not filter feed.
B)Only tunicates produce gametes.
C)Unlike tunicates,sponges are symmetrical.
D)Tunicates have a stomach.

Question 19

One of your closest fish relatives is the coelacanth.Where is its equivalent to your forearm?

A)The claspers
B)The pectoral fin lobe
C)The operculum
D)The gill arch extensions
E)The pelvic fin lobe

Question 20

For human races to be considered valid biological groupings,the genetic diversity within the group would have to be ________ the genetic diversity between groups.

A)lower than
B)equal to
C)higher than

Question 21

In terms of number of species,the most successful terrestrial vertebrates that invaded the air are

A)insects.
B)pterosaurs.
C)birds.
D)bats.
E)flying monkeys.

Question 22

When a tourist buys a sand dollar at a beach shop,what are they buying?

A)A calcium carbonate shell secreted from the mantle
B)Anendoskeleton of calcium carbonate ossicles
C)A molted exoskeleton made of chitin
D)An endoskeleton made of bone
E)An endoskeleton made of cartilage

Question 23

Most bony fishes have a hard plate that covers the gills on each side of the head called the

A)radula.
B)pharyngeal slits.
C)lateral lines.
D)operculum.
E)gill arches.

Question 24

What best describes the tunic of a tunicate?

A)It is made of chitin,like the shell of a crab.
B)It is made of calcium carbonate,like the shell of a clam.
C)It is made of keratin,like human hair.
D)It is made of cellulose,like the cell wall of a plant.

Question 25

Features that have been retained by reptiles from the time they replaced the amphibians as the dominant terrestrial vertebrates include all of the following,except

A)the amniotic egg.
B)dry skin.
C)thoracic breathing.
D)reoriented appendages.
E)endothermy.

Question 26

One of the most critical adaptations of the reptiles in relation to their life on land is the evolution of the

A)amniotic egg.
B)allantois egg.
C)chorionic egg.
D)diploid egg.
E)swim bladder.

Question 27

Amphibians are not completely free to live on dry land because

A)their ancestors were fish.
B)their food organisms live in water.
C)their reproduction depends on water.
D)they can escape from predators by jumping into the water.
E)they obtain oxygen from water through gills.

Question 28

Reptiles can maintain their internal body temperature by

A)behavioral mechanisms.
B)drinking warm or cool water.
C)eating and oxidizing more food.
D)an effective insulating covering.
E)rerouting blood to distribute heat.

Question 29

Which of the following living reptiles care for their young and have a four-chambered heart,as birds do?

A)turtles
B)crocodiles
C)lizards
D)snakes
E)tuataras

Question 30

Small,fishlike marine chordates,pointed at both ends with no distinguishable head,in which the notochord runs the entire length of the nerve cord,are called

A)arrow worms.
B)tunicates.
C)acorn worms.
D)lancelets.
E)lampreys.

Question 31

Mammals are thought to have evolved from

A)thecodonts.
B)therapsids.
C)dinosaurs.
D)marsupials.
E)archosaurs.

Question 32

Mammals are the only vertebrates to possess

A)hair.
B)single loop circulation.
C)a four-chambered heart with a pulmonary circuit.
D)endothermy.
E)live birth.

Question 33

Which of the following is considered the key innovation that started chordates along the evolutionary path that led to vertebrates?

A)a flexible rod to which muscles are attached,which allowed lateral movement of the back
B)an internal endoskeleton
C)a skin covering the entire body to prevent desiccation
D)a hard shell encasing the body
E)amniotic egg

Question 34

Birds are different from reptiles in all of the following features except

A)endothermy.
B)their lack of teeth.
C)the presence of feathers.
D)the presence of a flight skeleton.
E)bipedalism.

Question 35

Birds,like mammals,can regulate their body temperatures within close limits.Therefore birds and mammals are called

A)ectothermic.
B)poikilothermic.
C)endothermic.
D)heterothermic.

Question 36

It is generally accepted that the vertebrates that evolved during the early Devonian period are the

A)sharks and bony fish.
B)hominoids.
C)birds.
D)dinosaurs.
E)mammals.

Question 37

The changes that were necessary to cope with the heavy energy demands of flight in birds include all of the following except

A)efficient respiration.
B)efficient circulation.
C)endothermy.
D)auxiliary air sacs and hollow bones.
E)a three-chambered heart.

Question 38

The mucous sheet produced by the endostyle traps the microscopic food particles in the water.This sheet is located in the pharynx of what animal?

A)arrow worm
B)tunicate
C)acorn worm
D)lancelet
E)crinoid

Question 39

In addition to a vertebral column,all vertebrates have

A)a distinctive head or skull.
B)an open circulatory system.
C)gills.
D)scales.
E)a tunic.

Question 40

Amphibians are thought to have evolved from

A)ray-finned fish.
B)lobe-finned fish.
C)spiny fish.
D)skates and rays.
E)annelids.

Question 41

A friend of yours visited a natural history museum that had a replica of the Archaeopteryx.She told you the characteristics of Archaeopteryx that she either noticed or read at the display.Which one did she misread?

A)Archaeopteryx had feathers,as do modern birds.
B)Archaeopteryx lacked teeth,as do modern birds.
C)Archaeopteryx had solid bones,unlike the hollow bones of modern birds.
D)Archaeopteryx had wings as do modern birds.
E)Archaeopteryx had a long tail,unlike modern birds.

Question 42

All of the following are true about prosimians except

A)they are big-eyed mammals with increased visual acuity.
B)only two lineages survive today.
C)they are nocturnal.
D)they are widespread.

Question 43

Our own species,________,appears to have evolved in Africa less than 200,000 years ago.

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo sapiens
D)Homo hominis
E)Homo australopithecus

Question 44

Chimpanzees are considered to be our closest extant relative because

A)they have prehensile tails.
B)their genome is 99% identical to the human genome.
C)their upper/lower limbs equally account for bearing the body weight.
D)they have flat,spreading noses.
E)they are a highly social species.

Question 45

Because of its association with tools,the earliest human was called ________ meaning "handy man."

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo sapiens
D)Neanderthal
E)Cro-Magnon

Question 46

Modern humans share the greatest similarities with which one of the hominids?

A)Australopithecines
B)Neanderthals
C)Cro-Magnons
D)Prosimians
E)Primates

Question 47

Apes and humans together make up a group called

A)hominids.
B)hominoids.
C)Homo sapiens.
D)habilis.
E)prosimians.

Question 48

All of the following features are true of Anthropoids except

A)they include monkeys,apes,and humans.
B)almost all were diurnal.
C)opposable thumbs.
D)living in groups with complex social interactions.
E)changes to eye design and increase in brain size.

Question 49

The only marsupial mammal living in North America is the

A)opossum.
B)raccoon.
C)ring-tailed cat.
D)weasel.
E)wombat.

Question 50

DNA studies can be used to make all of the following conclusions except that

A)The gibbon ape line diverged about 15 million years ago.
B)Orangutans split off about 10 million years ago.
C)The gorilla lineage diverged about 8 million years ago.
D)Modern man remained changeless for the last 1 million years.

Question 51

Which of the following evidence obtained from fossil studies is generally accepted as marking the beginning of the hominids?

A)large brain development
B)walking upright
C)bipedalism
D)development of lower limbs longer than forelimbs
E)manufacture and use of tools

Question 52

The key specializations that occurred in the evolution of mammals include all of the following except

A)warm-bloodedness.
B)the presence of a placenta in most.
C)different teeth suited to their diet.
D)digestive tract specialization.
E)reduction in brain size.

Question 53

Which of the following statements about tunicates is incorrect?

A)Tunicates are nonvertebrate chordates.
B)Tunicates are all marine animals.
C)Tunicates are sessile as adults.
D)Tunicate larvae are tadpole-like with all of the basic chordate characteristics.
E)Tunicate larvae can reproduce.

Question 54

The European Neanderthals were replaced about 34,000 years ago by

A)Homo habilis.
B)Homo erectus.
C)Homo heidelbergensis.
D)Neanderthals.
E)Cro-Magnons.

Question 55

In humans,one pair of pharyngeal pouches become the tube-shaped organ called the

A)esophagus.
B)trachea.
C)Eustachian tube.
D)bronchial tube.
E)pharynx.

Question 56

Bony fishes possess two features not found in other fish.Select the best choice from those listed below to complete the following sentence.Bony fishes have

A)swim bladders and gill covers called opercula.
B)swim bladders and a complete digestive system.
C)swim bladders and a closed circulatory system.
D)swim bladders and movable jaws.

Question 57

Monotremes differ from the other mammals in their

A)laying of shelled eggs.
B)lack of milk-producing glands.
C)fur.
D)carnivorous nature.
E)containing a pouch for young to live.

Question 58

The following classes or superclasses of fish are matched with an example.Select the mismatched pair.

A)Chondrichthyes-sharks
B)Placodermi-lobe-finned fish
C)Myxini-hagfish
D)Osteichthyes-bony fish

Question 59

New world monkeys have all of the following features except

A)they have flat spreading noses.
B)they grasp objects with long prehensile tails.
C)they evolved in isolation in South America.
D)they are all arboreal.
E)they have ischial callosities (thickened rump pads).

Question 60

All of the following features are true of primates except

A)they are mammals with grasping fingers and toes.
B)they belong to the order containing lemurs,monkeys,and apes.
C)they have binocular vision.
D)they have prehensile tails.

Question 61

Which one of the following was not an adaptation seen in the sharks (Chondrichthyes)?

A)lateral line system
B)internal fertilization and internal development
C)swim bladder
D)teeth
E)calcified cartilaginous skeleton

Question 62

Homo erectus has been shown to have dispersed from

A)Africa.
B)Asia.
C)South America.
D)Europe.
E)North America.

Question 63

Which of the following has the longest fossil record?

A)Homo sapiens
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo habilis
D)Homo neanderthalensis
E)Homo heidelbergensis

Question 64

All of the following about Homo habilis is true except

A)the species lived in Africa for 500,000 years and then became extinct.
B)the species coexisted with dinosaurs.
C)the species was replaced by a new kind of human,which had a larger brain.
D)the species was small in stature.
E)the species was associated with tools.

Question 65

Homo erectus and the modern humans differ in

A)social behavior.
B)living as tribes.
C)their brain size.
D)their upright posture.
E)opposable thumbs.

Question 66

To which group of fishes does the following description apply: swim bladder,bony skeleton,and paired fins supported by bony rays.

A)Sarcopterygi
B)Actinopterygi
C)Chondrichthyes
D)Placodermi
E)Acanthodii

Question 67

Which one of the following is not an adaptation shown by modern birds?

A)a respiratory system that allows all of the air to pass through the lungs in one direction
B)complete division of the heart into right and left halves
C)endothermy
D)wings and a long feathered tail
E)modified beaks and feet to support feeding behavior

Question 68

Of the following sequences,which one reflects the best scientific knowledge about the succession of Homo species from the past until the present?

A)Homo heidelbergensis → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens → Homo erectus
B)Homo habilis → Homo heidelbergensis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens
C)Homo heidelbergensis → Homo sapiens → Homo erectus → Homo habilis
D)Homo sapiens → Homo heidelbergensis → Homo habilis → Homo erectus
E)Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo heidelbergensis → Homo sapiens

Question 69

Which one of the following incorrectly pairs a vertebrate group with its major evolutionary innovation?

A)Amphibians-paired lateral fins
B)Dinosaurs-bipedalism
C)Placoderms-jaws
D)Sharks-teeth
E)Ostracoderms-cartilaginous endoskeleton

Question 70

Apes and monkeys differ in two noticeable characteristics.These characteristics are that apes have

A)opposable thumbs and monkeys do not,and apes have binocular vision and monkeys do not.
B)opposable thumbs and monkeys do not,and apes have tails and monkeys do not.
C)binocular vision and monkeys do not,and apes have tails and monkeys do not.
D)larger brains than monkeys do,and monkeys have tails and apes do not.
E)opposable thumbs and monkeys do not,and monkeys have larger brain capacity than apes do.

Question 71

Anthropoids or higher primates include all of the following except

A)New World monkeys.
B)Old World monkeys.
C)apes.
D)humans.
E)lemurs.

Question 72

New World monkeys evolved approximately 30 million years ago.These animals are easy to identify because they

A)have opposable thumbs and binocular vision.
B)have prehensile tails and hair.
C)have protruding noses and prehensile tails.
D)have flattened noses and prehensile tails.
E)have opposable thumbs and protruding noses.

Question 73

One characteristic that New World monkeys have that Old World monkeys lack is

A)binocular vision.
B)opposable thumbs.
C)hair covering their bodies.
D)prehensile tails.
E)females have mammary glands.

Question 74

You excavate a fossil of a small reptile during a paleontology field trip.It has the following characteristics: skull with a pair of dorsal temporal openings and a pair of lateral temporal openings; bipedal with legs positioned directly under the pelvic girdle.Dating with radioisotopes shows that the specimen lived 100 million year ago (MYA).You conclude that the specimen belongs to which reptilian group (be specific as possible)?

A)anapsid
B)synapsid
C)diapsid
D)archosaur
E)dinosaur

Question 75

Which one of the following does not match a component of the amniotic egg with its primary function?

A)shell-porous,protective covering
B)chorion-exchange of respiratory gases; retention of water
C)amnion-encloses embryo within an oxygen-filled cavity
D)allantois-segregates nitrogenous wastes from embryo
E)yolk sac-provides food for the embryo

Question 76

Which one of the following is the least likely reason that bipedalism evolved in hominoids?

A)requires less energy than walking with all four legs
B)frees the hands for tool-making
C)frees the hands for carrying food to be shared with others
D)allows better surveillance for predators
E)increases access to food resources

Question 77

The invasion of the land by amphibians posed a number of challenges requiring evolutionary innovations.Which one of the following does NOT match a challenge with a corresponding adaptation found in amphibians?

A)The force of gravity was greater without water's buoying effect,selecting for well-muscled legs.
B)Additional oxygen was needed for larger muscles,selecting for the partially-divided heart and pulmonary circuit.
C)Eggs dry out in a terrestrial environment,selecting for the amniotic egg.
D)Gills tend to collapse out of the water,selecting for lungs and cutaneous respiration.

Question 78

Which one of the following structures is not found in all adult and larval tunicates?

A)incurrent siphon
B)excurrent siphon
C)gill slits
D)notochord
E)pharynx

Question 79

You dissect a specimen of a vertebrate during an anatomy laboratory.It has the following characteristics: lungs,abundant blood capillaries under thin skin,a partially-divided heart,a pulmonary circuit,and four walking legs.What is this animal?

A)lungfish
B)amphibian
C)reptile
D)placental mammal
E)marsupial mammal

Question 80

The hominid australopithecines are generally accepted to be different from modern humans because

A)only humans are bipedal.
B)the human skull is apelike in appearance with a strongly projecting face.
C)human brains on an average are at least twice as large in size.
D)human arms are longer than legs.
E)only humans are meat-eaters.