Deck 28: Protists

Question 1

Transferring Euglena into a dark environment results in the loss of photosynthetic pigment.What conclusion does this support?

A)Euglenoids are obligate photoautotrophs.
B)Light triggers heterotrophy.
C)Euglenoids are closely related to plants.
D)Euglenoids are neither plant-like or animal-like protists.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which feature unites paramecia,malarial parasites,and dinoflagellates into a single group?

A)The use of cilia
B)A parasitic life style
C)The presence of a nucleus
D)The type of ribosomes
E)The possession of alveoli

Answer 2

E

Question 3

All apicomplexans are nonmotile,spore forming,and live as ________ in animals.

Answer 3

parasites

Question 4

A biologist uses a time machine to collect living material from 2 different time periods.Sample A is 3 billion years old and sample B is 1.5 billion years old.How would these samples differ?

A)Prokaryotic organisms would be abundant in sample A but absent from sample B.
B)Eukaryotic organisms would be present in both samples but much more common in sample B.
C)Prokaryotic organisms would only occur in sample B.
D)Eukaryotic organisms would be absent from sample A.

Question 5

What would be strong evidence to suggest a protist is phagotrophic?

A)An abundance of lysosomes
B)Locomotion using polar flagella
C)Silicon dioxide cell walls
D)Benthic lifestyle
E)Presence of chloroplasts

Question 6

What would be strong evidence to suggest a protist is phototrophic?

A)Many lysosomes
B)Locomotion via several flagella
C)The presence of chloroplasts
D)Silicon dioxide cell walls
E)A benthic lifestyle

Question 7

The ________ are a group within the Euglenozoa that have a unique,single mitochondrion.

Question 8

Some protist cell surfaces have ________,including silica or calcium carbonate.

Question 9

A patient,Jennifer,presents in an ER with severe stomach cramps and diarrhea.She was recently swimming in unclean water.Which protist would be the most likely cause of her symptoms?

A)Toxoplasma gondii
B)Plasmodium
C)Leishmaniasis
D)Giardia

Question 10

A common characteristic of Choanoflagellida is

A)a single,unique mitochondria.
B)space beneath the plasma membrane.
C)silica covering.
D)funnel-shaped,contractile collar.
E)presence of a plasmodium.

Question 11

The common characteristic of Alveolata is

A)a single,unique mitochondria.
B)a layer of flattened vesicles beneath the plasma membrane.
C)silica covering.
D)funnel-shaped,contractile collar.
E)presence of a plasmodium.

Question 12

Sponges (phylum: Porifera)are animals that possess feeding cells called collar cells.These cells have a central flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli.The collar filters organic matter out of the water column.Which protist shares a more recent common ancestor with the poriferans?

A)Ciliates
B)Rhodophyta
C)Choanoflagellates
D)Radiolarians
E)Myxomycota

Question 13

The most diverse of the four eukaryotic kingdoms is the

A)Protista Kingdom.
B)Bacteria Kingdom.
C)Plantae Kingdom.
D)Animalia Kingdom.

Question 14

The polysaccharides agarose and carrageenan are isolated from red algae for commercial use.These polysaccharides are found in cell walls.What plant polysaccharide are they analogous to?

A)Amylose
B)Collagen
C)Cellulose
D)elastin
E)Mannose

Question 15

The Irish potato famine in the 1840s was caused in large part by a proliferation of a(n)

A)Paramecia.
B)Oomycote.
C)Dinoflagellate.
D)Chlorophyte.
E)Fungus.

Question 16

The members of ________ include dinoflagellates,apicomplexans,and ciliates.

Question 17

Which feature of mitochondria provides the least amount of information about their endosymbiotic origins?

A)Circular chromosome
B)Mode of replication
C)Independent replication
D)Phospholipids in the membranes

Question 18

The concept of endosymbiosis is widely accepted.What kind of relationship is it?

A)One organism in the partnership benefits and the other is harmed.
B)Both organisms in the partnership benefit.
C)Neither organism benefits.
D)One organism benefits but the other is not affected.

Question 19

What type of cellular damage in a malarial parasite would prevent it from penetrating a red blood cell?

A)Mutation in the variable surface glycoprotein genes
B)A disruption of the cytoskeletal proteins
C)Failure of the cross-linking of the peptidoglycans
D)Damage to the choanocytes

Question 20

During cell division the progeny of a trypanosome express a different VSG gene than their parents.Why is this done?

A)To hide from the host's immune system.
B)To signal endocytosis of the parasites.
C)VSG genes inhibit phagocytosis.
D)VSG genes activate photoheterotrophy.

Question 21

The organism,Phytophthora infestans,responsible for the Irish Potato Famine of 1845 and 1847 belongs to

A)Euglenozoa.
B)Alveolata.
C)Rhodophyta.
D)Chlorophyta.
E)Stramenopila.

Question 22

The malarial parasite,Plasmodium,is a member of the group

A)Euglenozoa.
B)Stramenopiles.
C)Alveolata.
D)Rhodophyta.
E)Diplomonads.

Question 23

Oomycetes are characterized by all of the following except they

A)produce zoospores asexually.
B)are able to reproduce sexually.
C)contain motile spores.
D)contain two unequal flagella.
E)are considered fungi.

Question 24

The marine multicellular protists including the larger brown algae belong to the

A)dinoflagellates.
B)Choanoflagellida.
C)Stramenopiles.
D)euglenoids.
E)foraminifera.

Question 25

Members of the Euglenozoa move within their habitats with the aid of

A)tests.
B)pseudopodia.
C)cilia.
D)flagella.
E)pellicles.

Question 26

Which of the following is true about Euglena?

A)They belong to the same phylum as Paramecium.
B)They do not have flagella.
C)They have a pellicle.
D)They lack chloroplasts.
E)They have sexual reproduction.

Question 27

Vacuoles for ingesting food and regulating their water balance are characteristic of

A)sporozoans.
B)trypanosomes.
C)ciliates.
D)algae.
E)spirochetes.

Question 28

Amoebas move from place to place by means of their

A)cysts.
B)pseudopods.
C)pseudomonads.
D)sporocarps.
E)plasmodia.

Question 29

Which of the following is not one of the distinctive features of dinoflagellates?

A)They are unicellular.
B)They are photosynthetic.
C)Some exist in fresh water,while some are part of marine plankton.
D)They form large,spherical colonies.
E)Some planktonic members are luminous and cause flashes in the night.

Question 30

Conjugating ciliates exchange a pair of haploid micronuclei that undergo mitosis as a diploid micronucleus,while the macronucleus in each

A)is expelled from the cell.
B)disintegrates.
C)divides by meiosis.
D)fuses with each other.
E)shrinks and becomes diploid micronuclei.

Question 31

The tropical diseases such as African sleeping sickness,Chagas disease,and leishmaniasis are caused by

A)foraminifera.
B)sporozoans.
C)phytomastigotes.
D)trypanosomes.
E)oomycetes.

Question 32

The parasite that is responsible for causing malaria is called

A)Paramecium.
B)Chlamydomonas.
C)Plasmodium.
D)Entamoeba.
E)Giardia.

Question 33

Trypanosomiasis is spread by

A)mosquitoes.
B)airborne droplets.
C)tsetse flies.
D)fleas on rats.
E)contaminated water.

Question 34

All ________ have two very different types of nuclei within their cells,small micronuclei and larger macronuclei.

A)sporozoans
B)protists
C)oomycetes
D)ciliates
E)dinoflagellates

Question 35

The unique double shells of diatoms are made of

A)cellulose.
B)silica.
C)chlorophylls.
D)agar.
E)proteins.

Question 36

In addition to their characteristic cilia,most ciliates contain two types of

A)nuclei.
B)chloroplasts.
C)flagella.
D)wood-digesting enzymes.
E)cysts.

Question 37

Protists are classified into a single kingdom because of which of the following features?

A)They are eukaryotes,but not fungi,plants,or animals.
B)They are microscopic.
C)They are unicellular.
D)All types of nutritional modes are found.
E)They are monophyletic.

Question 38

The White Cliffs of Dover,a famous landmark in England,is made of limestone,which is really a collection of the pore-studded shells (tests)of

A)diatoms.
B)dinoflagellates.
C)brown algae.
D)spirochetes.
E)foraminifera.

Question 39

Organisms that are characterized by being unicellular,photosynthetic,and having double shells made of silica are known as

A)dinoflagellates.
B)diatoms.
C)kelps.
D)euglenoids.
E)foraminifera.

Question 40

Some protists use multiple fission (cell division preceded by several nuclear divisions)as a means of reproduction.Multiple fission is also referred to as

A)budding.
B)zygotic meiosis.
C)schizogony.
D)syngamy.
E)intermediary meiosis.

Question 41

Which one of the following statements about diplomonads and parabasilids is false?

A)Absence of mitochondria in these groups is an ancestral trait.
B)Some members are parasitic,but some also engage in mutualism.
C)Diplomonads and parabasilids belong to different clades
D)Both groups are flagellated protists.

Question 42

Which one of these groups is not one of the six supergroups that protists are contained in?

A)Ascomycota
B)Ophisthokonta
C)Rhizaria
D)Amoebozoa
E)Archaeplastida

Question 43

Which of these is not part of the life cycle of brown algae?

A)meiosis
B)multicellular haploid stage
C)multicellular diploid stage
D)gametes produced by mitosis
E)spores produced by mitosis

Question 44

How do humans use red algae polysaccharides?

A)Thickeners
B)Herbicides
C)Adhesives
D)Detergents

Question 45

Protist locomotion is accomplished by the contraction of muscle fibers.

Question 46

Which one of the following statements about the trypanosome causing African sleeping sickness does not explain why the disease has been difficult to control?

A)Trypanosomes have a protective glycoprotein coat.
B)Trypanosomes have many variable antigen genes.
C)Rearrangement of antigen genes takes place during the asexual cycle.
D)By infesting the red blood cells,trypanosomes can "hide" from the immune system.
E)Only one gene determining the antigenic nature of the glycoprotein coat is expressed at a time.

Question 47

Some photosynthetic euglenoids can also ingest dissolved or particulate food.Which one of the following terms would best describe such a protist?

A)autotrophic
B)heterotrophic
C)mixotrophic
D)osmotrophic
E)phagotrophic

Question 48

The plasmodial and cellular slime molds differ in a number of features.Select the following choice that is not a difference.

A)aggregation of individuals when conditions worsen
B)ability to form spore-producing structures
C)ability to form an acellular plasmodium
D)ability to form individual amoebas
E)synchronization of mitosis

Question 49

Which of the following statements would not be consistent with the theory for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A)Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA enclosed within a nuclear envelope.
B)The composition of the outer membrane of chloroplasts and mitochondria is similar to the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells.
C)The composition of the inner membrane of chloroplasts and mitochondria is similar to the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells.
D)Mitochondria and chloroplasts have some enzymes unique to them.
E)Genes encoded within mitochondria and chloroplasts indicate a closer relationship to prokaryotes than do most nuclear genes.

Question 50

How do protists provide evidence for the step-wise evolution of mitosis?

A)In some protists the nuclear membrane fails to break down during mitosis.
B)Protists use conjugation instead of mitosis.
C)Only meiosis occurs in protists.
D)Mitosis has not been observed in any protist species.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about malaria is false?

A)Fertilization occurs within a mosquito.
B)Merozoites are found inside red blood cells.
C)Gametocytes develop from merozoites.
D)Sporozoites are only found within a mosquito.
E)Gametocytes are passed to a feeding mosquito.

Question 52

Which phrase best describes the characteristics of plasmodium?

A)Plasmodial slime molds consist of large multinucleate single cells.
B)Plasmodial slime molds consist of large single nucleate cells.
C)Plasmodial slime molds are multicellular.
D)Plasmodium cells contain a pellicle.

Question 53

Conjugation in most ciliates involves a series of steps that leads to increased genetic diversity.Which one of the following choices is not one of those steps?

A)mitosis of a haploid nucleus
B)mitosis of a diploid nucleus
C)meiosis of a haploid nucleus
D)meiosis of a diploid nucleus
E)sexual reproduction

Question 54

What features of charophytes provides evidence for charophytes being the closest relative to land plants?

A)Charophytes possess plasmodesmata.
B)Charophytes are the only photosynthetic protists.
C)Charophytes are fully terrestrial.
D)Charophytes produce seeds and flowers.

Question 55

In addition to the true amoebas (Rhizopoda),another group with pseudopods are the

A)Euglenozoa.
B)Stramenopila.
C)Radiolarians.
D)Diplomonads.
E)Alveolata.