Deck 11: Stress and Health Psychology

Question 1

Each of the following is considered by your text to be one of the five common sources of frustration except ________.

A) anxiety
B) discrimination
C) lack of resources
D) losses

Answer 1

anxiety

Question 2

According to Lazarus, ________.

A) stress is only the result of life or death problems
B) stress is often the result of life's petty annoyances, irritations, and frustrations
C) stress is almost always the result of conflict
D) dramatic events are the chief source of stress

Answer 2

stress is often the result of life's petty annoyances, irritations, and frustrations

Question 3

When we must speed up, intensify, or shift the direction in our behaviors or when we feel we have to live up to a higher standard of performance, we experience ________.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) anxiety
C) frustration
D) pressure

Answer 3

pressure

Question 4

Stacey loves to sing. When she doesn't get a solo in the winter showcase, rather than quit, she decides to stay committed and sing in chorus even though she is still tense and upset from her failure. Her behavior is an example of ________.

A) adjustment
B) stress
C) avoidance
D) pressure

Question 5

Ami wants to be a lawyer but can't get into law school despite two years of trying because her grades and LSAT scores are too low. She is angry at herself for not earning better grades, and feels that continuing to apply to other schools is hopeless. Her feelings stem from ________.

A) conflict
B) frustration
C) anxiety
D) internal dissonance

Question 6

According to Lazarus, major events ________.

A) result only in minor stress
B) are unrelated to stress
C) trigger numerous little hassles that give rise to stress
D) are the chief direct source of stress

Question 7

________ life changes involve a certain amount of stress.

A) Only major positive
B) Only major negative
C) All major
D) Only minor and major negative

Question 8

Of all of life's troubles, ________ is probably the most common.

A) pressure
B) conflict
C) frustration
D) failure

Question 9

Stress is experienced ________.

A) only when we are faced with pleasant situations
B) in pleasant and unpleasant situations
C) only in life or death situations
D) only when we are faced with unpleasant situations

Question 10

The necessity to choose between two incompatible needs, demands, opportunities, or goals is called ________.

A) pressure
B) anxiety
C) dissonance
D) conflict

Question 11

Jim's district manager has set new performance goals. In response, Jim now stays late, makes sure displays are perfect, and pushes his employees even harder to do their best. Jim is pushing himself to achieve perfection because of ________.

A) frustration
B) internal dissonance
C) pressure
D) anxiety

Question 12

Conflict was described in terms of its two opposite tendencies of approach and avoidance by ________.

A) Coleman
B) Freud
C) Lewin
D) Epstein

Question 13

According to Lewin, the result of simultaneous attraction to two appealing possibilities, neither of which has any negative qualities is called an ________ conflict.

A) approach/avoidance
B) incompatible demands
C) avoidance/avoidance
D) approach/approach

Question 14

According to Lewin, the result of facing a choice between two undesirable possibilities, neither of which has any positive qualities, is called a(n) ________ conflict.

A) avoidance/avoidance
B) approach/avoidance
C) approach/approach
D) multiple approach/avoidance

Question 15

Petty annoyances, irritations, and frustrations that arise from chronic or repeated conditions of living are called ________.

A) life events
B) irritants
C) hassles
D) catastrophes

Question 16

Which of the following researchers is most closely associated with exploring the relationship of "hassles" to stress?

A) Lazarus
B) Holmes
C) Rahe
D) Selye

Question 17

When you want to purchase a particular shirt, only to find out that it is out of stock at your local clothing store, you are most likely to experience ________.

A) frustration
B) conflict
C) internal dissonance
D) anxiety

Question 18

Any environmental demand that creates a state of tension or threat and requires change or adaptation is called ________.

A) pressure
B) adjustment
C) a stressor
D) arousal

Question 19

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an ________ conflict.

A) approach/approach
B) avoidance/avoidance
C) incompatible demands
D) approach/avoidance

Question 20

Delays, lack of resources, losses, and failures are best understood as sources of ________.

A) pressure
B) internal dissonance
C) frustration
D) conflict

Question 21

The house that Naomi and Kevin are renting is next door to neighbors who constantly throw large parties and rev their truck engines loudly at night. After a year of dealing with this, they decide to let their lease expire and move. Their behavior represents ________ coping.

A) indirect
B) defensive
C) direct
D) adaptive

Question 22

One of the most common and effective ways of coping with a conflict is to ________.

A) compromise
B) be aggressive
C) withdraw
D) deny the conflict

Question 23

________ coping tends to be problem-oriented and to focus on the immediate issue.

A) Indirect
B) Direct
C) Defensive
D) Passive

Question 24

An internal source of stress described by Ellis and Harper is a set of ________.

A) hardiness traits
B) projection cues
C) response cues
D) irrational beliefs

Question 25

Dawnelle is clocking in at work, when she hears her manager make the following announcement to the staff: "Any individual who has been late to work at least three times in the last month is required to make an appointment to see me so that we can discuss your punctuality and find ways to help you improve." She thinks to herself, "I haven't been late, so I don't have to go to his office if I don't want to." Dawnelle has made a(n) _______ appraisal of the situation, since she is deciding whether it is or is not relevant to her own circumstance.

A) tertiary
B) primary
C) coping
D) secondary

Question 26

Jenna's tire is flat and she must get to work. She can change it herself, and potentially get dirty and need to shower again, or she can pay to have someone else change it, and be out the cash. Jenna's dilemma would be described by Lewin as a(n) ________ conflict.

A) double approach/avoidance
B) avoidance/avoidance
C) approach/avoidance
D) approach/approach

Question 27

The phrase "a mixed blessing" most accurately describes a(n) ________ conflict.

A) double approach/avoidance
B) approach/approach
C) avoidance/avoidance
D) approach/avoidance

Question 28

Which of the following people is likely to experience the least stress in a given situation?

A) a pessimist with an external locus of control
B) an optimist with an external locus of control
C) an optimist with an internal locus of control
D) a pessimist with an internal locus of control

Question 29

The old saying "damned if you do and damned if you don't" most resembles a(n) ________ conflict.

A) double approach/avoidance
B) approach/avoidance
C) approach/approach
D) avoidance/avoidance

Question 30

Acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or attain a difficult goal is called ________.

A) sublimation
B) compromise
C) aggression
D) confrontation

Question 31

People are likely to sit down and wait for events to resolve things for them if caught in a(n) ________ conflict.

A) avoidance/avoidance
B) approach/approach
C) approach/avoidance
D) double approach/avoidance

Question 32

Confrontation, compromise, and withdrawal are all forms of ________.

A) self-deception
B) direct coping
C) indirect coping
D) defensive coping

Question 33

People with a trait called ________ tolerate stress extremely well, and in some cases, seem to thrive on it.

A) hardiness
B) self-actualization
C) confidence
D) resilience

Question 34

Sue feels she must be competent, adequate, and successful in everything she does. Since this is impossible she feels worthless as a human being. Ellis and Harper would say her problem arises from ________.

A) irrational beliefs
B) faulty expectations
C) faulty personal "tapes"
D) faulty response cues

Question 35

Any intentional effort to change an uncomfortable situation is called ________ coping.

A) indirect
B) aggressive
C) direct
D) defensive

Question 36

Expressions of anger are a form of ________.

A) compromise
B) withdrawal
C) confrontation
D) abreaction

Question 37

A single goal whose attainment produces both good and bad consequences usually creates a(n) ________ conflict.

A) approach/avoidance
B) double approach/avoidance
C) avoidance/avoidance
D) approach/approach

Question 38

According to Lazarus and Folkman, there are three key processes that must occur when one is evaluating events that may be stressful. They include all but which of the following?

A) Assessing the relevance of the situation to one's own self-esteem or well-being.
B) Assessing the options that one has for dealing with a situation.
C) Deciding what one can do if a situation is changeable or controllable.
D) Figuring out the precipitating causes of the stressful situation.

Question 39

Which of the following people is likely to experience the most stress in a given situation?

A) an optimist with an external locus of control
B) an optimist with an internal locus of control
C) a pessimist with an external locus of control
D) a pessimist with an internal locus of control

Question 40

The ability to "bounce back," recover one's self-confidence, good spirits, and hopeful attitude after extreme and prolonged stress is called ________.

A) self-efficacy
B) hardiness
C) reactivity
D) resilience

Question 41

Jeannie never achieved the success in dance that she wanted to, but her daughter is exceeding all expectations in the sport. When her daughter does well, Jeannie feels as if she, herself, has triumphed. Her behavior exemplifies the defense mechanism of ________.

A) projection
B) identification
C) reaction formation
D) sublimation

Question 42

Perhaps the greatest danger of withdrawal as a way of coping is that it will ________.

A) result in stoicism in all similar future situations
B) result in avoidance of all similar future situations
C) result in aggression
D) eliminate the chance for future compromise

Question 43

In World War II, many prisoners in concentration camps came to imitate the behaviors and mannerisms of the brutal guards who were their captors. The behavior of these prisoners is probably due to ________.

A) sublimation
B) projection
C) identification
D) reaction formation

Question 44

When individuals realize their adversary is more powerful than they are, a positive and realistic adjustment is ________.

A) withdrawal
B) aggression
C) regression
D) denial

Question 45

Refusing to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality is ________.

A) projection
B) repression
C) rationalization
D) denial

Question 46

The most common mechanism for blocking painful feelings and memories is ________.

A) displacement
B) repression
C) projection
D) denial

Question 47

Soldiers who break down in the battlefield often cope with their situation by blocking out all memories of their behavior and their situation. This is a type of ________.

A) repression
B) withdrawal
C) aggression
D) intellectualization

Question 48

In situations where people are under stress but there is little or nothing they can do to cope directly with the stress, they are likely to turn to ________.

A) aggression
B) confrontation
C) defense mechanisms
D) compromise

Question 49

A wealthy CEO feels guilty about how he treats his workers, so he accuses them of trying to steal his money. His behavior typifies ________.

A) projection
B) sublimation
C) displacement
D) identification

Question 50

A supposedly mature adult reverting to childlike behavior is typical of ________.

A) regression
B) repression
C) reaction formation
D) sublimation

Question 51

When we attribute feelings we do not want to have to someone else, we may be ________.

A) projecting
B) sublimating
C) displacing
D) identifying

Question 52

The most basic defense mechanisms are ________.

A) denial and rationalization
B) projection and denial
C) projection and rationalization
D) denial and repression

Question 53

In a hostage situation, to survive, victims sometimes seek to please their captors, and may identify with them as a way of coping with unbearable and unstoppable stress. This phenomenon is known as the ________.

A) Stockholm syndrome
B) general adaptation syndrome
C) phi phenomenon
D) Korsakoff syndrome

Question 54

Defensive coping is a form of ________.

A) confrontation
B) self-deception
C) aggression
D) compromise

Question 55

Javier has been informed by his mother that she was diagnosed with breast cancer. Instead of making preparations to see her, he acts as if nothing is wrong and tells his friends that her doctor was incorrect about the illness, and she doesn't need treatment. His behavior is typical of someone using ________.

A) rationalization
B) projection
C) denial
D) repression

Question 56

The reverse of projection is ________.

A) identification
B) intellectualization
C) sublimation
D) reaction formation

Question 57

After weeks of being taunted by her so-called "friends" at school, Monique begins actively avoiding them whenever possible. Her coping style is best described as ________.

A) compromise
B) rationalization
C) confrontation
D) withdrawal

Question 58

In a contract negotiation, the teacher's union demand a $3 per hour raise. The public schools believe they cannot afford to give teachers a raise at all. Eventually, both sides agree to a $1.50 per hour raise. This is an example of ________.

A) compromise
B) sublimation
C) confrontation
D) displacement

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true of defense mechanisms?

A) They indicate future psychosis in an individual.
B) They indicate the presence of severe neuroses.
C) They are self-deceptive techniques.
D) They are not used by well-adjusted people.

Question 60

The self-deceptive elements of defensive coping led Freud to believe that these elements were ________.

A) totally conscious
B) unconscious
C) maladaptive
D) manipulative

Question 61

A doctor who sees patients suffering every day protects herself from being affected by her patients' pain by discussing them only in terms of distant, technical, medical terminology. This doctor's behavior is typical of ________.

A) projection
B) sublimation
C) regression
D) intellectualization

Question 62

Corey is extremely angry at his teacher for a bad grade on an exam, but yells at his little brother instead. This is most likely an example of ________.

A) sublimation
B) denial
C) displacement
D) reaction formation

Question 63

When you are faced with a dangerous or threatening situation, your adrenal glands release stress hormones such as adrenaline into the bloodstream. Subsequently, there are increases in your blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and perspiration. This reaction is known as the ________.

A) Stockholm Syndrome
B) Peter principle
C) fight-or-flight response
D) Phi phenomenon

Question 64

Analyzing our problems by detaching ourselves from them and talking about them as if they are not concerns to us, but other people, is called ________.

A) projection
B) sublimation
C) regression
D) intellectualization

Question 65

When people express exaggerated emotions and ideas that are the opposite of their real emotions and ideas, they are exhibiting ________.

A) displacement
B) repression
C) intellectualization
D) reaction formation

Question 66

Displacement involves the ________.

A) redirection of repressed emotions to substitutes
B) opposite of regression
C) sense of rejection felt by many victims of discrimination
D) behavioral form of denial

Question 67

The retail customer who throws a "temper tantrum" when the return process is taking too long is probably ________.

A) displacing
B) projecting
C) regressing
D) sublimating

Question 68

A subfield of psychology concerned with the relationship between psychological factors and physical health and illness is called ________ psychology.

A) health
B) environmental
C) forensic
D) behavioral

Question 69

When under stress ________ secrete oxytocin.

A) both males and females
B) females but not males
C) males but not females
D) children, but not adults,

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Defensive coping signifies an impending breakdown.
B) Defensive coping is used only by immature people.
C) Defense mechanisms are always maladaptive.
D) Over the long run, certain defenses can hinder successful adjustment.

Question 71

The hormone ________ reduces the effects of oxytocin.

A) thyroxin
B) testosterone
C) estrogen
D) progesterone

Question 72

When women are under stress, they are more likely than men to ________.

A) withdraw and try to be alone
B) behave aggressively
C) engage in denial
D) evaluate the stressful situation positively

Question 73

The tend-and-befriend response may be linked to the hormone ________.

A) oxytocin
B) glucagon
C) serotonin
D) epinephrine

Question 74

A reaction formation is a behavioral form of ________.

A) identification
B) rationalization
C) displacement
D) denial

Question 75

Intellectualization is a subtle form of ________.

A) identification
B) projection
C) denial
D) displacement

Question 76

The "fight-or-flight" response was first described and labeled by ________.

A) Walter Cannon
B) Hans Selye
C) Arnold Lazarus
D) Holmes and Rahe

Question 77

The redirection and transformation of repressed drive into more socially acceptable forms is called ________.

A) displacement
B) repression
C) denial
D) sublimation

Question 78

Each of the following is probably true of lower-socioeconomic class members of society except ________.

A) they have fewer people and fewer community resources they can turn to for help during hard times
B) they have an internal locus of control
C) they have fewer means for coping with hardship and stress
D) they typically deal with more stressors than people who are financially secure

Question 79

The shifting of repressed motives and emotions from an original object to a substitute object is known as ________.

A) denial
B) aggression
C) projection
D) displacement

Question 80

Jonathan didn't want a dog, but his girlfriend got one anyway. Now, his friends note that he is extremely overprotective of the animal. He may be exhibiting ________.

A) a reaction formation
B) denial
C) projection
D) sublimation