Deck 8: Water-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

Consumption of 10 mcg of folate as cooked spinach and 10 mcg of folic acid from fortified cereal fortified results in:

A) 20 mcg DFE.
B) 22 mcg DFE.
C) 27 mcg DFE.
D) 30 mcg DFE.
E) 40 mcg DFE.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A patient with a poor diet shows fatigue, muscle weakness and pain, and emotional disturbances, suggesting a possible:

A) thiamin deficiency.
B) niacin deficiency.
C) vitamin B₆ deficiency.
D) vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.
E) folate deficiency.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which water-soluble vitamin can be stored in the body?

A) vitamin C
B) niacin
C) folate
D) vitamin B₁₂
E) thiamin

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which action does not preserve water-soluble vitamins in foods?

A) freezing
B) refrigerating
C) storing in airtight containers
D) removing the peel from fruits and vegetables
E) reducing use of water and using shorter times when cooking

Question 5

Which foods provide the richest source of riboflavin?

A) eggs, dairy, nuts, and fish
B) olive, sunflower, and canola oils
C) oranges and apples
D) lentils and pinto beans
E) leafy greens

Question 6

Which vitamin is required for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?

A) thiamin
B) riboflavin
C) niacin
D) vitamin B₆
E) vitamin C

Question 7

Which list contains only vitamins whose deficiency can cause anemia?

A) vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, thiamin
B) vitamin B₆, retinoids, vitamin K
C) vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, folate
D) biotin, vitamin B₁₂, folate
E) vitamin B₆, thiamin, niacin

Question 8

When water-soluble vitamins are consumed in excess the body prevents toxicity by:

A) using vitamins for energy metabolism.
B) storing excess in adipose tissue.
C) storing excess in the liver.
D) excreting them in the feces.
E) excreting them in the urine.

Question 9

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome results from:

A) thiamin deficiency due to alcoholism.
B) niacin deficiency due to low protein intake.
C) vitamin B₆ due to low consumption of organ meats.
D) riboflavin deficiency due to low dairy intake.
E) vitamin C due to low fruit and vegetable consumption.

Question 10

Scurvy is a disease resulting from:

A) thiamin deficiency due to alcoholism.
B) niacin deficiency due to low protein intake.
C) vitamin B₆ deficiency due to low consumption of organ meats.
D) riboflavin deficiency due to low dairy intake.
E) vitamin C deficiency due to low fruit and vegetable consumption.

Question 11

Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to experience inadequate vitamin intakes?

A) people intentionally restricting calories
B) older adults with swallowing difficulty
C) middle-aged men with heart disease
D) older adults with dental problems
E) people with excessive alcohol intakes

Question 12

Which nutrient does NOT act as a coenzyme?

A) biotin
B) pantothenic acid
C) vitamin B₆
D) vitamin C
E) choline

Question 13

Which foods contain the least amount of vitamin B₁₂?

A) clams and other shellfish
B) ground beef
C) milk and dairy products
D) spinach and leafy green vegetables
E) eggs and poultry

Question 14

Which list contains only vitamins that play a role in red blood cell health?

A) thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B₁₂
B) niacin, vitamin B₆, vitamin C
C) vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, folate
D) niacin, vitamin B₆, choline
E) vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, biotin

Question 15

Milk is packaged in opaque containers to prevent light from destroying:

A) thiamin.
B) riboflavin.
C) niacin.
D) biotin.
E) vitamin B₆.

Question 16

Which water-soluble vitamin has antioxidant properties?

A) thiamin
B) riboflavin
C) niacin
D) vitamin B₆
E) vitamin C

Question 17

Which list contains only vitamins that do NOT function as coenzymes in energy metabolism?

A) choline and vitamin C
B) vitamin B₆ and vitamin C
C) thiamin, riboflavin, niacin
D) niacin, vitamin B₆, folate
E) biotin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin

Question 18

Smokers have a higher RDA level for which water-soluble vitamin?

A) niacin
B) thiamin
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin B₆
E) vitamin B₁₂

Question 19

Excess of which water-soluble vitamin can cause a long-term toxic effect of numbness due to nerve damage?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin C
C) pantothenic acid
D) vitamin B₆
E) choline

Question 20

Physicians sometimes prescribe niacin in high doses to:

A) help smokers quit smoking.
B) lower LDL cholesterol.
C) prevent numbness and nerve damage.
D) improve immune function.
E) prevent damage to cells due to free radicals.

Question 21

A patient with a poor diet showing symptoms of diarrhea, confusion, and discoloration of the skin suggests a possible:

A) thiamin deficiency.
B) niacin deficiency.
C) vitamin B₆ deficiency.
D) vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.
E) vitamin C deficiency.

Question 22

Excess of which nutrient can cause toxic effects of excess perspiration and fishy body odor?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin C
C) niacin
D) vitamin B₆
E) choline

Question 23

A patient showing poor wound healing, bruising, joint pain, and bleeding gums may have a deficiency of:

A) thiamin.
B) niacin.
C) vitamin B₆.
D) vitamin B₁₂.
E) vitamin C.

Question 24

The amino acid tryptophan can be converted to:

A) thiamin.
B) riboflavin.
C) niacin.
D) vitamin B₆.
E) vitamin C.

Question 25

Pernicious anemia is the result of:

A) thiamin deficiency.
B) niacin deficiency.
C) vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.
D) choline deficiency.
E) vitamin C deficiency.

Question 26

Which vitamin rarely results in a deficiency because of its presence in a wide variety of plant and animal sources?

A) biotin
B) pantothenic acid
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin B₁₂
E) vitamin B₆

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a way of preserving vitamins in foods?

A) refrigerating foods in airtight, moisture-proof containers
B) using plenty of water when preparing and cooking foods
C) eating fruits and vegetables as soon as possible after harvesting or purchase
D) avoiding peeling fruits like apples and pears
E) cooking fresh fruits and vegetables on low heat and avoiding long heat exposure

Question 28

Consumption of 10 mcg of folate as cooked spinach and 10 mcg of supplemental folic acid results in:

A) 20 mcg DFE.
B) 22 mcg DFE.
C) 27 mcg DFE.
D) 30 mcg DFE.
E) 40 mcg DFE.

Question 29

A patient's blood sample shows large immature red blood cells. This may suggest a deficiency in:

A) thiamin and niacin.
B) niacin and vitamin B₆.
C) vitamin B₆ and B₁₂.
D) vitamin B₆ and folate.
E) vitamin B₁₂ and folate.

Question 30

Which foods provide the richest source of folic acid?

A) eggs and dairy
B) fish and shellfish
C) fortified cereals
D) spinach and broccoli
E) citrus fruits and bell peppers

Question 31

Which vitamin has a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) based on gastrointestinal discomfort?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin C
C) pantothenic acid
D) vitamin B₆
E) choline

Question 32

Which list contains only vitamins that play a role in RNA and DNA synthesis?

A) thiamin, riboflavin, niacin
B) thiamin, folate, niacin
C) vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, folate
D) vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, vitamin C
E) biotin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin

Question 33

The chemical name for vitamin B₁₂ is:

A) homocysteine.
B) cobalamin.
C) pyridoxine.
D) methionine.
E) ascorbic acid.

Question 34

High-dose folic acid can mask a _____ deficiency.

A) biotin
B) choline
C) pantothenic acid
D) vitamin B₆
E) vitamin B₁₂

Question 35

Consumption of 300 mg tryptophan can result in the synthesis of:

A) 1 mg of niacin.
B) 2 mg of niacin.
C) 3 mg of niacin.
D) 4 mg of niacin.
E) 5 mg of niacin.

Question 36

Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to experience increased vitamin requirements?

A) pregnant women
B) growing children
C) people with infections
D) lactating women
E) middle-aged men

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a general property of water-soluble vitamins?

A) stored in large amounts in tissues
B) easily destroyed or removed during food storage and preparation
C) circulate freely in the blood
D) generally do not result in toxicity
E) dissolve in water

Question 38

Which list contains only vitamins that can have toxic effects if consumed in excess?

A) thiamin and riboflavin
B) vitamin B₁₂ and folate
C) thiamin and biotin
D) vitamin B₆ and vitamin C
E) biotin and vitamin B₁₂

Question 39

Which vitamin is readily destroyed by storage and cooking?

A) biotin
B) riboflavin
C) vitamin B₁₂
D) vitamin C
E) niacin

Question 40

Which foods provide the richest source of food folate (naturally occurring)?

A) eggs and dairy
B) fish and shellfish
C) apple and mango
D) lentils and pinto beans
E) broccoli and bell peppers

Question 41

Identify characteristics of individuals who are particularly susceptible to a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency and explain why.

Question 42

Why was pellagra an epidemic in the American South in the early 1900s? Why is pellagra no longer a problem today?

Question 43

Why was beriberi an epidemic in East Asia in the late 1800s? Why is beriberi no longer a problem today?

Question 44

Folate recommendations increase from 400 to 600 mcg dietary folate equivalent (DFE) for which individuals? Explain why.

Question 45

Explain why alcoholics are at higher risk of water-soluble vitamin deficiencies.

Question 46

Why are niacin recommendations often given as mg niacin equivalents?

Question 47

Identify groups of people who may require supplements of water-soluble vitamins and explain why.

Question 48

Explain the interrelationship between metabolism of folate and vitamin B₁₂.

Question 49

Explain why folate recommendations are often provided as dietary folate equivalents (DFEs).

Question 50

Provide recommendations for preparation and storage of food to prevent excessive water-soluble vitamin losses.