Deck 2: Self and Perception

Question 1

As individuals,we tend to judge and perceive ourselves

A) more honestly than others.
B) more positively than others.
C) about the same as others.
D) more critically than others.
E) less frequently as we mature.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

If a public figure is not out of the closet to her fans,she is using which strategy to maintain her public self?

A) face
B) mask
C) closet case
D) Self-Verification Theory
E) Self-Discrepancy Theory

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Thoughts and convictions that an individual holds to be true are called

A) attitudes.
B) beliefs.
C) values.
D) personal constructs.
E) self-appraisals.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to Self-Discrepancy Theory,your self-esteem is highest when

A) your self-concept matches your ideal and ought selves.
B) your self-concept exceeds your ideal and ought selves.
C) there is a great discrepancy between your ideal and ought selves.
D) you perceive your self-concept to be inferior to your ideal and ought selves.
E) your self-concept does not include an ought self.

Question 5

Which of the following may help increase your self-esteem?

A) having consistency between your ought and ideal self
B) living in an appearance culture
C) engaging in social comparison
D) all of the options are correct
E) none of the options are correct

Question 6

Perception-checking involves all of the following steps EXCEPT

A) reviewing your knowledge about the person.
B) assessing attributions you've made.
C) questioning your impression.
D) hiding your impressions from the person.
E) checking your impression with the person.

Question 7

If you overindulge at a buffet and the next day explain that everyone else overate,you are exhibiting which perceptual error?

A) fundamental attribution error
B) salience
C) internal attribution
D) actor-observer effect
E) Self-Verification Theory

Question 8

If your friend says,"I think it is wrong to wear fur or leather" he is expressing a(n)

A) attitude.
B) belief.
C) value.
D) personal construct.
E) self-discrepancy.

Question 9

Your learned evaluative appraisals about yourself and others (whether positive or negative)are called

A) attitudes.
B) values.
C) beliefs.
D) personal constructs.
E) self-verifications.

Question 10

When a person is caught in a deception they must address

A) individualism.
B) losing face.
C) social comparison.
D) self appraisals.
E) Self-Discrepancy Theory.

Question 11

Which of the following may influence your self-concept?

A) gender
B) family
C) culture
D) significant others
E) all of the options are correct

Question 12

According to Self-Verification Theory,people

A) are more likely to associate with only those who provide positive self-concept support.
B) avoid those who provide negative self-concept support.
C) select those who most accurately support their self-concept.
D) choose those with the same sexual orientation.
E) prefer those who see the world as they do.

Question 13

What is a mental construct that expresses enduring principles of what is good or bad and right or wrong?

A) attitude
B) value
C) belief
D) self-esteem
E) self-reflection

Question 14

Culture can include which of the following?

A) age
B) gender
C) sexual orientation
D) religion
E) all of the options are correct

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an influence upon self?

A) face
B) culture
C) family
D) gender
E) religion

Question 16

Susan thinks she is not good at delivering public presentations so she doesn't prepare or research her topic.During her speech,she is unprepared,forgets to cover one of her main points,and feels like her speech failed.This behavior demonstrates

A) critical self-reflection.
B) social comparison.
C) Self-Discrepancy Theory.
D) self-fulfilling prophecy.
E) none of the options are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following statement(s)is true about the self?

A) evolves over time
B) influenced by significant people in your life
C) composed of self-awareness
D) composed of self-esteem
E) all of the options are correct

Question 18

Critical self-reflection is a comprehensive process involving all of the following steps EXCEPT

A) thinking about what I am feeling.
B) asking myself why I am thinking the way I am.
C) thinking about how others see me.
D) asking myself why I am feeling how I am.
E) asking myself how I am communicating.

Question 19

Which of the following statements reflect the notion that your self-concept is influenced by the labels that others have of you?

A) My brother always said I was not as smart as him.
B) I see myself as a student,worker,and son.
C) I am happy with myself.
D) I am a happy,extroverted person.
E) My self-esteem is low.

Question 20

Which of the following is a strategy you can use to maintain or save face?

A) use words and actions consistent with the face you are trying to use
B) use communication that complements your face
C) use communication that is consistent with other's perceptions of you
D) use communication that is reinforced by objects or events of the context
E) all of the options are correct

Question 21

Your self-concept is based upon the sets of beliefs,attitudes,and values your significant others have about you.

Question 22

According to Self-Discrepancy Theory,the greater the discrepancy between your ideal self and your ought self,the higher your self-esteem.

Question 23

After reading that your favorite singer,Justin Bieber,has been fighting,drinking,and antagonizing the media,you allow this negative information to overshadow your positive impressions.This an example of

A) Self-Discrepancy Theory.
B) algebraic impressions.
C) perception-checking.
D) horn effect.
E) actor-observer effect.

Question 24

By wearing different masks at different times,you are better able to keep your self private.

Question 25

Which of the following perceptual errors results from the tendency to make external attributions for your own behaviors?

A) Self-Discrepancy Theory
B) algebraic impressions
C) perception-checking
D) horn effect
E) actor-observer effect

Question 26

If you are winning at a blackjack table,explaining to the other players that you have a knack for numbers,what attribution error are you committing?

A) self-serving bias
B) fundamental attribution error
C) actor-observer effect
D) external attribution
E) halo effect

Question 27

In individualistic cultures,your self and your needs take precedence over the needs and interests of the group or collective.

Question 28

The three stages of the perception process are salience,organization,and interpretation.

Question 29

Your "face" is an aspect of the self that only you can see.

Question 30

Henry just found out his best friend,Jay,is getting divorced.Having recently been through a divorce himself,he can understand how Jay is feeling and offers to listen if Jay wants to talk.Henry is demonstrating

A) empathy.
B) supportiveness.
C) sympathy.
D) selflessness.
E) embarrassment.

Question 31

If your girlfriend just received a notice from the IRS for not paying her federal taxes and you assume it was just an honest mistake,what perceptual error are you demonstrating?

A) halo effect
B) fundamental attribution error
C) perception-checking
D) horn effect
E) actor-observer effect

Question 32

Culture can be defined as a coherent set of attitudes,values,and practices held by an individual.

Question 33

When you're able to understand a friend's point of view without necessarily experiencing her emotions,you're exhibiting which component of empathy?

A) perception-checking
B) empathetic concern
C) perspective-taking
D) algebraic impressions
E) maintaining face

Question 34

The fundamental attribution error results from attributing others' behaviors to external rather than internal causes.

Question 35

Your self-fulfilling prophecies can result in both positive and negative predictions about your future behavior.

Question 36

When you interpret information you form attributions,or

A) the process of assigning meaning and understanding to others' behavior.
B) creating mental structures that define concept characteristics.
C) noticing stimuli that attract your attention.
D) forming judgments about the characteristics of other people.
E) none of the options are correct

Question 37

If you lose face,feelings of shame,humiliation,and embarrassment may result.

Question 38

Your self is formed at infancy and remains fairly static over time and life experience.

Question 39

The process of social comparison can result in positive or negative self-esteem,depending on whether you compare favorably or unfavorably with others.

Question 40

What method of impression formation is most likely to lead to prejudice?

A) horn effect
B) halo effect
C) algebraic impressions
D) stereotyping
E) Gestalts

Question 41

A component of self that refers to your ability to perceive yourself as a unique person and to reflect upon your own thoughts,feelings,and behaviors.______

Question 42

You make algebraic impressions as a result of forming quick first impressions of the people you meet.

Question 43

A halo effect can occur when you attribute positive characteristics to someone without actually observing those qualities.

Question 44

How you assess and compare your ideal self and ought self._______

Question 45

Stereotyping results in only negative generalizations about other social groups.

Question 46

The beliefs,attitudes,and values you have about yourself.______

Question 47

The overall evaluation of your self._______

Question 48

The process of observing and assigning meaning to others' behaviors by comparing them against your own._______

Question 49

The composite of your self-awareness,self-concept,and self-esteem._______

Question 50

The tendency to act in ways that ensure interactions occur as you believed and predicted they would.______

Question 51

The Gestalts you form of other people may be positive or negative.

Question 52

Your public self._______

Question 53

A type of self-awareness that focuses on evaluating and improving your communication._______

Question 54

A culture that values the group or society over individual goals._______

Question 55

The idea that you are more likely to choose friends who provide support for your self-concept._______

Question 56

A public self designed to hide your private self._______

Question 57

The composite of social,psychological,and cultural characteristics that characterize people as being male or female._______

Question 58

A culture that values personal objectives over group or societal goals.______

Question 59

When you pay attention to specific stimuli or information in your environment while simultaneously ignoring other stimuli,you are engaging in the selection step of perception.

Question 60

An established,coherent set of beliefs,attitudes,values,and practices shared by a large group of people.______

Question 61

Our beliefs about whether empathy is something that can be developed and controlled._______

Question 62

A general impression of someone that is positive or negative._______

Question 63

Analyzing the positive and negative things you learn about someone to calculate an overall impression,then updating this impression as you learn new information._______

Question 64

The tendency to dismiss the significance of negative behavior based on your positive Gestalt._______

Question 65

The process of assigning meaning to information you have selected._______

Question 66

A method of forming impressions by categorizing people into social groups and evaluating them based on information you have of that group._______

Question 67

The human tendency to think others' behavior is caused by internal rather than external or environmental causes._______

Question 68

The tendency to assign external causes for your own individual behavior._______

Question 69

A primary method for testing your impressions in order to avoid errors in judgment._______

Question 70

A method of communicating more competently that involves perspective-taking and empathic concern._______

Question 71

(missing definition for this term)

Question 72

The tendency to negatively interpret the behavior of people for whom you've formed negative Gestalts._______

Question 73

Explanations of behavior based on internal and external factors._______

Question 74

Those who possess a strong sense of gendered self-identity (male/female)that doesn't correspond to the biological sex they were born with._______

Question 75

The process of selecting,organizing,and interpreting information from your senses._______

Question 76

Feelings of shame,humiliation,and sadness._______

Question 77

A tendency to take credit for a success by making an internal attribution._______

Question 78

Mental images of who people are and how you feel about them._______

Question 79

The phase of the perception process where you tailor information and stimuli into coherent,meaningful patterns._______