Question 1

What refers to chemicals derived from fossil fuels or petroleum products?&#10;A) Antibiotic&#10;B) Synthetic&#10;C) Petrochemical&#10;D) Pharmaceuticals

Accepted Answer

A) Incorrect. Antibiotics are substances derived from mold or bacteria that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria or fungi).
B) Incorrect. Synthetic is a substance resulting from combining components, instead of being naturally produced.
C) Correct. Petrochemical refers to chemicals derived from fossil fuels or petroleum products.
D) Incorrect. Pharmaceuticals are manmade or naturally derived chemical substances with medicinal properties that can be used to treat diseases, disorders, and illnesses.

Question 2

What type of chemical is produced in large quantities and in large facilities?&#10;A) Specialty chemicals&#10;B) Commodity chemicals&#10;C) Intermediates&#10;D) Pharmaceuticals

Accepted Answer

A) Incorrect. Specialty chemicals are chemicals that are produced in smaller quantities, are more expensive, and are used less frequently than commodity chemicals.
B) Correct. Commodity chemicals are basic chemicals, typically produced in large quantities and in large facilities.
C) Incorrect. Intermediates are substances that are not made to be used directly, but are used to produce other useful compounds.
D) Incorrect. Pharmaceuticals are manmade or naturally derived chemical substances with medicinal properties that are used to treat diseases, disorders, and illnesses.

Question 3

What is a vital part of the pharmaceutical industry?&#10;A) Efficacy&#10;B) Testing&#10;C) Quality control&#10;D) Compounding

Accepted Answer

A) Incorrect. Quality control and quality assurance organizations became a required and vital part of the pharmaceutical industry.
B) Incorrect. Quality control and quality assurance organizations became a required and vital part of the pharmaceutical industry.
C) Correct. Quality control and quality assurance organizations became a required and vital part of the pharmaceutical industry.
D) Incorrect. Quality control and quality assurance organizations became a required and vital part of the pharmaceutical industry.

Question 4

What is a person who studies the art and science of preparing medicines?&#10;A) Alchemy&#10;B) Apothecary&#10;C) Intermediate&#10;D) Process Technician

Accepted Answer

A) Incorrect. Alchemy is a medieval practice that combined occult mysticism and chemistry.
B) Correct. An apothecary is a person who studies the art and science of preparing medicines (in modern times, we call these people pharmacists).
C) Incorrect. Intermediates are substances that are not made to be used directly, but are used to produce other useful compounds.
D) Incorrect. An apothecary is a person who studies the art and science of preparing medicines (in modern times, we call these people pharmacists).

Question 5

What is the name of the scientist whose principles for compounding are still used today?&#10;A) Galen&#10;B) Shen Nung&#10;C) James Muspratt&#10;D) Jan Baptista Van Helmont

Accepted Answer

A) Correct. Galen's principles for compounding (mixing two or more substances or ingredients to achieve a desired physical form) and preparing medicines ruled the Western world for 1500 years. Many of Galen's original procedures for compounding are still in use today.
B) Incorrect. Chinese emperor Shen Nung also began investigating the medicinal properties of hundreds of products, specifically medicinal plants and herbs. During his investigation, Nung identified more than 365 drugs.
C) Incorrect. In the 1820s, James Muspratt began mass-producing soda ash in Britain.
D) Incorrect. A Flemish physician, Jan Baptista Van Helmont, described how air and vapors were similar in appearance but had different properties.

Question 6

For every 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, how many will be approved for marketing in the United States?&#10;A) 1&#10;B) 5&#10;C) 50&#10;D) 100

Accepted Answer

A) Correct. According to some estimates, for every 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, only five will continue on to clinical trials in humans, and only one will be approved for marketing in the United States.
B) Incorrect. According to some estimates, for every 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, only five will continue on to clinical trials in humans, and only one will be approved for marketing in the United States.
C) Incorrect. According to some estimates, for every 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, only five will continue on to clinical trials in humans, and only one will be approved for marketing in the United States.
D) Incorrect. According to some estimates, for every 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, only five will continue on to clinical trials in humans, and only one will be approved for marketing in the United States.

Question 7

Which of the following skills are necessary for process technicians in chemical manufacturing?&#10;A) Filtering&#10;B) Distillation&#10;C) Heating and cooling fluids&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

A) Incorrect. The fundamental processes used in chemical manufacturing include many common skills and technical knowledge: storing and transporting materials, heating and cooling fluids, filtering, distillation, and other process systems.
B) Incorrect. The fundamental processes used in chemical manufacturing include many common skills and technical knowledge: storing and transporting materials, heating and cooling fluids, filtering, distillation, and other process systems.
C) Incorrect. The fundamental processes used in chemical manufacturing include many common skills and technical knowledge: storing and transporting materials, heating and cooling fluids, filtering, distillation, and other process systems.
D) Correct. The fundamental processes used in chemical manufacturing include many common skills and technical knowledge: storing and transporting materials, heating and cooling fluids, filtering, distillation, and other process systems.

Question 8

What workplace condition should process technicians expect in the pharmaceutical industry?&#10;A) More physical effort than some other process industries&#10;B) Outdoor work areas&#10;C) Access controlled facilities&#10;D) A messy work area

Accepted Answer

A) Incorrect. A process technician can expect less physical effort than that required in some other process industries.
B) Incorrect. A process technician can expect indoor, air-conditioned work areas.
C) Correct. A process technician can expect access controlled facilities.
D) Incorrect. In pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, strong emphasis is placed on keeping equipment and work areas clean because of the potential for contamination (GMP regulations).

Question 9

In what stage of the drug manufacturing process do studies get conducted on human, volunteer test subjects?&#10;A) Preclinical studies&#10;B) Clinical evaluation&#10;C) Clinical trials&#10;D) Regulatory filling

Accepted Answer

A) Incorrect. In preclinical studies, studies are conducted on nonhuman subjects that provide information pertaining about how the body processes the drug and any potential side effects.
B) Incorrect. In clinical evaluations, documents are submitted to the FDA requesting approval to test the new product in a select group of people.
C) Correct. In clinical trials, FDA-approved studies are conducted on human, volunteer test subjects.
D) Incorrect. In regulatory filling, documents are submitted to the FDA requesting marketing approval.

Question 10

What was the first manufactured fiber?&#10;A) Silk&#10;B) Rayon&#10;C) Nylon&#10;D) Cotton

Accepted Answer

A) Incorrect. Rayon (dubbed "artificial silk") was the first manufactured fiber, though not truly synthetic because it is derived from cellulose.
B) Correct. Rayon (dubbed "artificial silk") was the first manufactured fiber, though not truly synthetic because it is derived from cellulose.
C) Incorrect. Nylon was the first synthetic fiber made solely from petrochemicals. Nylon was first produced by Du Pont in 1928 for women's stockings.
D) Incorrect. Rayon (dubbed "artificial silk") was the first manufactured fiber, though not truly synthetic because it is derived from cellulose.

Deck 3: Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries