Deck 14: Conclusions and Future Directions

Question 1

A clinic offers free HIV testing two evenings each week so that infection may be detected as early as possible. The clinic's program is an example of ______ prevention.

A) secondary
B) primary
C) positive
D) tertiary

Answer 1

primary

Question 2

The life-expectancy gap between men and women is shrinking because ______ are ______ likely to participate in health-compromising behaviors.

A) men; decreasingly
B) men; increasingly
C) women; decreasingly
D) women; increasingly

Answer 2

women; increasingly

Question 3

Which type of health-related program is probably LEAST viable from a health-promotion perspective?

A) screenings
B) health-care promotions
C) lifestyle interventions
D) wellness programs

Answer 3

screenings

Question 4

In general terms, states with restrictive gun legislation (e.g., background checks, gun locks, and restrictions on open carry) have suicide rates that are ______ lower than states without such legislation.

A) 0-10%
B) 10-30%
C) 30-60%
D) 40-70%

Question 5

Tori is among the youngest Millennials; she was born in 1995. She will become one of nearly ______ million people 65 or older in 2060.

A) 50
B) 65
C) 85
D) 100

Question 6

According to the textbook, laws require the immediate suspension of one's driver's license following a DUI arrest are responsible for saving ______ lives each year in the United States.

A) 400
B) 800
C) 1,000
D) 1,500

Question 7

With respect to ethnicity, ______ Americans enjoy the longest life expectancies in the United States; ______ Americans, the second longest.

A) Asian; Latinx
B) Asian; European
C) European; Asian
D) European; Latinx

Question 8

Nearly ______ of the GDP in the United States is spent on health care.

A) 7%
B) 13%
C) 18%
D) 24%

Question 9

Worldwide, the number of people dying from AIDS each year is ______. The number of people who have the condition is ______.

A) decreasing; decreasing
B) decreasing; increasing
C) increasing; decreasing
D) increasing; increasing

Question 10

Biks and colleagues (2015) found that the single biggest predictor of infant survival in a rural part of Ethiopia is ______.

A) maternal weight
B) time since birth of most recent sibling
C) breastfeeding
D) maternal age

Question 11

Based on the textbook's discussion, the MOST certain conclusion regarding the 2010 Affordable Health Care Act ("Obamacare") is that it increased access to health care for ______.

A) all Americans
B) lower-income Americans
C) people of color
D) no one

Question 12

According to the textbook, the recent Medicaid expansion in many states was especially helpful for ______.

A) low-SES people below the poverty line
B) low-SES people just above the poverty line
C) middle-class people
D) upper-class people

Question 13

The textbook implies that the current reliance on state-of-the-art medical technology is LEAST beneficial for ______.

A) doctors
B) patients
C) technology providers
D) hospitals

Question 14

Judy is a Canadian woman whose death has been attributed to the effects of smoking. There is a 1 in ______ chance that Judy's death reflects exposure to secondhand smoke.

A) 5
B) 7
C) 10
D) 12

Question 15

Increasing ______ is an example of ______ prevention in initiatives to decrease the spread of HIV.

A) access to antiretroviral therapy; tertiary
B) access to condoms; tertiary
C) increasing awareness about HIV; secondary
D) increasing HIV testing; primary

Question 16

Donna's physician recommends a pacemaker. Donna asks, "Why, exactly? My understanding is that ______ of those are actually unnecessary."

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%

Question 17

Men in the top 1% socioeconomically live about ______ years longer than men in the bottom 1%.

A) 5
B) 7
C) 11
D) 15

Question 18

Be SMART is a campaign to prevent gun suicides by children under 17, as well as unintentional shootings of others by those under 17. The campaign educates parents about responsible gun storage, encourages them to model safe gun storage, and directs them to inquire about gun storage in the homes their children may visit. Be SMART is an example of ______ prevention.

A) tertiary
B) universal
C) primary
D) secondary

Question 19

Marv was 45 on January 1, 2013. Actuarial tables published by the Social Security Administration indicate that his life expectancy at that point was just over 34 additional years. He can, however, expected fewer ______-adjusted life years, and even fewer ______-adjusted life years.

A) disability; satisfaction
B) quality; disability
C) disability; quality
D) satisfaction; quality

Question 20

Ariana has a GED; Marsha has a Ph.D. The chances are 1 in ______ that Ariana smokes cigarettes, and 1 in ______ that Marsha smokes cigarettes.

A) 3; 15
B) 3; 25
C) 5; 15
D) 5; 25

Question 21

According to the United Nations, the proportion of people worldwide who suffer from chronic malnourishment is ______.

A) about 5%
B) just over 10%
C) 15%
D) almost 20%

Question 22

The average life expectancy in Europe exceeds that in Africa by more than 15 years.

Question 23

Consider these two statements: (A) Doctors are less motivated to save patients who are potential organ donors and (B) donating an organ eliminates the option of having an open casket. Which of these statements is/are true?

A) Neither of these statements is true.
B) Only Statement A is true.
C) Only Statement B is true.
D) Both of these statement are true.

Question 24

Estrogen replacement therapy is a low-risk way of countering the side effects of menstruation.

Question 25

Data presented in the textbook suggest that "sugary drink taxes" are largely ineffective.

Question 26

Most people in India who sold a kidney regretted it.

Question 27

The proportion of people living with HIV who use antiretroviral therapy has approximately doubled since the turn of the millennium.

Question 28

One-third of all women with incomes under $15,000 per year have never even heard of a mammogram.

Question 29

Select two distinct health problems. For each problem, provide two examples of primary prevention strategies, each aimed at a different level (individual, group, organization, community, or institution).

Question 30

Mammograms are cost-ineffective for women in the 40s.

Question 31

DMV customers who interacted with clerks who had received training on organ and tissue donation were ______% more likely to register as organ donors.

A) 4-5%
B) 7-8%
C) 12-13%
D) 15-16%

Question 32

In India, it is legal to sell a kidney. Research indicates that MOST people in India who sell a kidney ______.

A) experience improved health
B) would recommend doing it
C) remain in poverty
D) experience a rift in their relationships with friends and family

Question 33

The adoption of a single-payer system would do little to reduce the administrative costs of health care in the United States.