Deck 11: Leading Causes of Mortality: Coronary Heart Disease and Cancer

Question 1

As compared to benign tumors, malignant tumors ______.

A) grow more slowly
B) are less likely to spread
C) are less similar to surrounding tissue
D) less often reflect mutations

Answer 1

are less similar to surrounding tissue

Question 2

The leading cause of cancer deaths ______.

A) differs between men and women; it is lung cancer among men and breast cancer among women
B) differs between men and women; it is prostate cancer among men and ovarian cancer among women
C) is the same for men and women: it is pancreatic cancer
D) is the same for men and women: it is lung cancer

Answer 2

is the same for men and women: it is lung cancer

Question 3

Recall the Big Five personality dimensions, sometimes called the Five-Factor Model of personality. Low agreeableness is to Type ______ as high neuroticism is to Type ______.

A) A; B
B) A; D
C) B; D
D) D; A

Answer 3

A; D

Question 4

Miles clutches his chest as he experiences a sharp pain and a feeling of tightness. It passes quickly, but Miles worries that he may have a heart attack "for real" in the future if he doesn't make some changes. Miles has experienced ______.

A) hypertension
B) atherosclerosis
C) angina
D) a myocardial infarction

Question 5

Morrie is anxious, tense, and pessimistic. Morrie is BEST described as having a Type ______ personality.

A) A
B) B
C) D
D) X

Question 6

One disadvantage of programs that combine health education and stress management techniques is that they ______.

A) have no effect on rates of coronary heart disease
B) can be quite expensive
C) produce only short-lived changes
D) are difficult for patients to follow

Question 7

About ______ of all strokes and cases of heart disease worldwide are due to high blood pressure.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 8

______ is NOT one of the components of the Type A personality.

A) Hostility
B) Competitiveness
C) Time-urgency
D) Insecurity

Question 9

Close to ______ of all Americans will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lives.

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 10

With respect to reducing the risk of recurring heart attacks, a health education program is LEAST likely to contain a unit on ______.

A) exercise routines
B) healthy diet
C) smoking cessation
D) problem-focused coping

Question 11

Some researchers have hypothesized a link between the experience of discrimination and high blood pressure among people of color. This link has been found among ______.

A) both working-class and professional African Americans
B) neither working-class nor professional African Americans
C) working-class African Americans, but not professional African Americans
D) professional African Americans, but not working-class African Americans

Question 12

The stereotype of the suburbanite who presents a perfect, pretty picture to the world, scrupulously denying or repressing any hint of difficulty or unpleasantness, BEST illustrates the Type ______ personality.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 13

As much as ______ of cancers may be preventable.

A) 55%
B) 65%
C) 75%
D) 85%

Question 14

Which choice BEST expresses the proportion of cancers that are influenced by inherited genetic factors?

A) a small minority
B) a substantial minority
C) most
D) nearly all

Question 15

Every year, ______ people who have already had at least one heart attack have a second or subsequent attack.

A) 50,000
B) 100,000
C) 200,000
D) 500,000

Question 16

A longitudinal study of over 23,000 men found that those who didn't smoke, exercised regularly, and maintained recommended weight were almost ______ less likely to experience heart problems than were men with all of these risk factors (Lee and colleagues, 2009).

A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 70%

Question 17

Coronary heart disease is BEST described as ______.

A) the leading cause of death among adults
B) one of the top 3 leading causes of death among adults
C) one of the top 5 leading causes of death among adults
D) one of the top 10 leading causes of death among adults

Question 18

In order, the top 2 preventable causes of cancer are ______.

A) obesity and smoking
B) smoking and obesity
C) smoking and alcohol use
D) alcohol use and obesity

Question 19

Clogged arteries are to ______ as hardened arteries are to ______.

A) arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis
B) myocardial infarction; angina
C) atherosclerosis; arteriosclerosis
D) angina; myocardial infarction

Question 20

Kiara and Tiana are both African American 21-year-olds. Neither smokes; neither is overweight. Both eat similar diets. Kiara, however, exercises 4 times each week; Tiana does not exercise. Tiana's risk of breast cancer is ______ times as high as Kiara's.

A) 1.5
B) 2
C) 2.5
D) 3

Question 21

Coronary heart disease is the Number 1 cause of death among adults. Consider the categories of psychosocial risk factors described in the textbook: behavioral choice, stress, the environment, and personality. Which specific psychosocial risk factors might elevate your own chances of developing CHD? How might you mitigate or eliminate these factors? Provide as thoughtful a response as you can.

Question 22

Moderate alcohol use increases the risk of coronary heart disease.

Question 23

Cancer is more likely to spread if the patient is single.

Question 24

As compared to women with breast cancer who are less involved in decision-making regarding their treatment and follow-up, women who are MORE involved in decision-making show ______.

A) less improvement
B) similar levels of improvement
C) more improvement for a short period, then the same level of improvement
D) more improvement for a long time

Question 25

Each year, one in four deaths are due to heart disease.

Question 26

About 15-20% of breast cancers are clearly linked to genetic factors.

Question 27

With respect to the evaluation of the effectiveness of social support groups for cancer patients, the research evidence is BEST described as ______.

A) nonexistent
B) negative
C) mixed
D) positive

Question 28

About 65% of all cases of cancer stem from smoking cigarettes.

Question 29

As compared to married cancer patients, single cancer patients are more likely to ______.

A) have metastatic cancer
B) get treated at an earlier stage
C) get more appropriate treatment
D) live longer

Question 30

After surviving breast cancer, Carol finds her closest relationships are deeper than they had been, and her spiritual life seems richer. Carol's example BEST illustrates ______.

A) benefit finding
B) post-traumatic growth
C) positive reappraisal
D) problem-focused coping

Question 31

Over 20% of those diagnosed with cancer meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD 6 months later.

Question 32

Which character BEST reflects the Type C personality?

A) "Perfect" Paula
B) "Angry" Ann
C) "Dramatic" Dawn
D) "Nervous" Nell

Question 33

Distinguish among personality Types A and D, and identify which is/are associated with coronary heart disease, and which is/are associated with cancer.

Question 34

Feeling lonely or socially isolated may increase the risk of angina, a heart attack, or stroke by about 30%.

Question 35

An anger management program is likely to reduce the risk of a heart attack recurring.