Deck 7: Substance Use and Abuse

Question 1

After dinner, Tammy enjoys two stimulants. Tammy MOST likely had ______.

A) a cup of coffee and a cigarette
B) a glass of cola and a "joint"
C) a glass of wine and a Xanax
D) a cold beer and a "joint"

Answer 1

a cup of coffee and a cigarette

Question 2

______ smoking, alcohol use is ______ associated with education level.

A) Like; negatively
B) Like; positively
C) Unlike; negatively
D) Unlike; positively

Answer 2

Unlike; positively

Question 3

People who work more than 49 hr per week are ______ MORE likely to engage in risky drinking behavior than are people who work 35-40 hr per week.

A) 5-6%
B) 8-9%
C) 12-13%
D) 15-16%

Answer 3

12-13%

Question 4

Chan drinks four cups of coffee each day. One day, Chan skips the two cups he usually has in the morning, and he gets a terrible headache and finds he cannot concentrate. MOST specifically, Chan may be experiencing ______.

A) addiction
B) abuse
C) tolerance
D) withdrawal

Question 5

Now in his late 40s, Scotty has abused alcohol since early adolescence. He experiences severe memory limitations, as well as daytime drowsiness and frequent disorientation. Scotty appears to suffer from ______.

A) Korsakoff's syndrome
B) Broca's aphasia
C) alcohol myopia
D) Wernicke's aphasia

Question 6

With respect to models of nicotine addiction, physiological is to behavioral as the ______ is to the ______ model.

A) nicotine fixed-effect; affect-regulation
B) affect-regulation; nicotine regulation
C) multiple regulation; biobehavioral
D) multiple regulation; affect-regulation

Question 7

Consider the models of nicotine addiction presented in the textbook. Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between the nicotine regulation model and the nicotine fixed-effects model?

A) The nicotine regulation model opposes the nicotine fixed-effects model.
B) The nicotine regulation model extends the nicotine fixed-effects model.
C) The nicotine regulation model replaces the nicotine fixed-effects model.
D) The nicotine regulation model is the same as the nicotine fixed-effects model.

Question 8

______ evidence suggests that light-to-moderate drinking is linked to ______ health than is abstaining.

A) Correlational; better
B) Correlational; poorer
C) Experimental; better
D) Experimental; poorer

Question 9

The MOST common illicit drug in the United States is marijuana, a(n) ______.

A) narcotic
B) depressant
C) stimulant
D) hallucinogen

Question 10

Of those smokers who have experienced a heart attack or surgery resulting from lung cancer, ______ continue to smoke cigarettes.

A) few
B) a substantial minority
C) more than half
D) almost all

Question 11

Doctors who prescribe pain medication often have to prescribe larger doses of the drug to a patient over time because of ______.

A) addiction
B) abuse
C) tolerance
D) withdrawal

Question 12

Cocaine is to ______ as ______ is to depressant.

A) narcotic; alcohol
B) narcotic; marijuana
C) stimulant; marijuana
D) stimulant; Xanax

Question 13

"Consuming more than four drinks in one day for women, or five drinks in one day for men" is a(n) ______ definition of ______ drinking.

A) conceptual; binge
B) conceptual; heavy
C) operational; binge
D) operational; heavy

Question 14

At this point, the results of research aimed at identifying the personality traits associated with alcohol-related problems are BEST described as ______.

A) discouraging
B) nonexistent
C) suggestive
D) conclusive

Question 15

Which personality trait is NOT positively associated with smoking among adolescents?

A) introversion
B) novelty-seeking
C) rebelliousness
D) risk-taking

Question 16

Having parents who smoke increases the risk that one will begin smoking by a factor of about ______.

A) 1.5
B) 2
C) 3
D) 3.5

Question 17

In states that legalized the recreational use of marijuana, the perception of the drug's harm ______, and its use ______.

A) decreased; increased
B) decreased; remained unchanged
C) remained unchanged; increased
D) remained unchanged; remained unchanged

Question 18

Smoking is negatively associated with ______.

A) both education and income
B) education, but not income
C) income, but not education
D) neither income nor education

Question 19

In Skinnerian terms, tension-reduction theory suggests that alcohol use is maintained through ______.

A) negative punishment
B) negative reinforcement
C) positive punishment
D) positive reinforcement

Question 20

Randy and Morty both suffer from alcohol use disorder. Each has a twin: Randy has a fraternal twin, Ricky, and Morty has an identical twin, Marty. As compared to Ricky's risk for alcohol use disorder, Marty's risk is ______.

A) the same
B) 1.5 times higher
C) 2 times higher
D) 3 times higher

Question 21

As compared to the cold turkey approach to smoking cessation, nicotine fading is ______ effective.

A) half as
B) slightly less
C) equally
D) twice as

Question 22

Project DARE is an example of a primary prevention strategy for preventing substance abuse.

Question 23

A national study conducted following the release of the Real Cost campaign estimated that it led to a ______ decrease in smoking initiation by youths aged 11-18.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 24

The STRONGEST predictor of current smoking among adolescents is the number of friends who smoke.

Question 25

Select one of the following topics: (1) Understanding Smoking OR (2) Treating Substance Abuse. Explain how the biopsychosocial model offers a useful organizing framework for understanding different explanations for smoking or different approaches to treating substance abuse.

Question 26

The biobehavioral model is primarily a physiological model of nicotine addiction.

Question 27

Most people who have successfully quit smoking have made about 10 unsuccessful attempts to quit in the past.

Question 28

City-wide smoking bans ______.

A) are not effective
B) are effective only in reducing smoking among heavy smokers
C) are effective only in preventing people from starting to smoke
D) are effective in preventing smoking and in reducing smoking among light smokers

Question 29

Khya is picking up her 90-day chip at a local Narcotics Anonymous meeting. Being clean for 3 months is a real achievement, because about ______ of all relapses happen within 90 days of quitting a substance.

A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 65%
D) 75%

Question 30

Approximately 20% of Americans report having used an illicit drug in the past month.

Question 31

Which statement is MOST accurate with respect to the empirical evaluation of self-help programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?

A) There is little research on the effectiveness of self-help programs such as AA.
B) Rigorous randomized controlled trials (RCT) research indicates that AA is effective.
C) Rigorous randomized controlled trials (RCT) research indicates that AA is largely ineffective.
D) Only quasi-experimental research supports the effectiveness of AA.

Question 32

As they grow up, children's expectations regarding alcohol's effects become increasingly negative.

Question 33

E-cigarettes are now the MOST commonly used form of tobacco among teenagers.

Question 34

The treatment of alcohol use disorder is largely unsuccessful over the long term.