Deck 5: Managing Stress

Question 1

Hardy individuals believe that they are in control of their lives and that they are not victims of circumstance. Hardiness should therefore be associated with an ______ locus of control.

A) external
B) extrinsic
C) internal
D) intrinsic

Answer 1

intrinsic

Question 2

The term ______ refers to an individual's efforts to manage the stressful demands of a specific situation.

A) appraisal
B) reframing
C) reactive stress
D) coping

Answer 2

coping

Question 3

Vigilant coping is to ______ coping as minimizing is to ______ coping.

A) problem-focused; emotion-focused
B) emotion-focused; problem-focused
C) approach-focused; avoidance
D) avoidance; approach-focused

Answer 3

approach-focused; avoidance

Question 4

Consider stressors, coping styles, and social support. Which pair is mismatched?

A) emotional support, controllable event
B) instrumental support, problem-focused coping
C) instrumental support, controllable event
D) emotion-focused coping, uncontrollable event

Question 5

Which choice BEST captures the relationship among the concepts of emotion-focused, approach-focused, and problem-focused coping?

A) Emotion-focused, approach-focused, and avoidance coping are distinct coping styles.
B) Emotion-focused and avoidance coping are both types of approach-focused coping.
C) Avoidance coping is a type of emotion-focused coping. Approach-focused coping is different; it is a type of problem-focused coping.
D) Approach-focused and avoidance coping are both types of emotion-focused coping.

Question 6

Which statement BEST captures the distinction between the effects of religiosity and those of spirituality on health-related behaviors and feelings?

A) There is no distinction between the effects of religiosity and those of spirituality on health-related behaviors and feelings.
B) Religiosity affects health-related behaviors, whereas spirituality affects health-related feelings.
C) Religiosity affects health-related feelings, whereas spirituality affects health-related behaviors.

Question 7

Which individual is the BEST example of a Type A personality?

A) Bonnie, a relaxed, fun-loving professor
B) Susan, a brilliant, self-confident accountant
C) Andrew, a competitive, easily angered journalist
D) Clay, a reflective, open-minded artist

Question 8

Sandy is a senior at a small liberal arts college. She enjoys a warm, collegial relationship with several faculty members in her department. For example, she consults regularly with Dr. Paine concerning the graduate school applications she is preparing. Dr. Paine is providing a type of social support called ______ support.

A) instrumental
B) belongingness
C) appraisal
D) esteem

Question 9

According to the ______ theory, positive emotions expand the focus of attention and cognition, increasing the physical, intellectual, emotional, and social resources available to deal with stress.

A) broaden-and-build
B) search-and-destroy
C) fight-or-flight
D) tend-and-befriend

Question 10

Simon is faced with an overwhelming workload. Using problem-focused coping, Simon ______.

A) meditates
B) binge drinks
C) gets a deadline extended
D) goes to a movie

Question 11

Research suggests that with respect to one's health, having a dog ______.

A) has no clear benefit
B) may save a person about one doctor visit per year
C) may save a person about two doctor visits per year
D) reduces 5-year mortality rate by half when one is older

Question 12

When it is cited in the wake of a stressor or a disappointment, the notion that God has a plan, reason, or schedule is BEST seen as a specific type of ______ coping called ______.

A) approach-focused; positive reappraisal
B) avoidance; positive reappraisal
C) emotion-focused; avoidance
D) problem-focused; vigilance

Question 13

As compared to older adults who failed to support others, older adults who provided emotional or instrumental support to others were ______ LESS likely to die during the next 5 years.

A) no
B) 2 times
C) 3 times
D) 4 times

Question 14

Ahmed is writing an article for a popular "life hacks" site. He is considering the title, "Denial, Distraction, and Daydreaming: The Three Ds of ______ Coping."

A) Avoidance
B) Problem-Focused
C) Reaction
D) Approach-Focused

Question 15

With relation to standard medical care, religious beliefs are BEST seen as a(n) ______.

A) liability
B) enhancement
C) replacement
D) nicety

Question 16

A study of 74,000 women revealed that those who attended more than one religious service per week had a ______ lower mortality risk than did those who never attended religious services.

A) 11%
B) 16%
C) 24%
D) 33%

Question 17

Social support is ______ associated with mortality.

A) negatively
B) not
C) positively
D) variably

Question 18

The significant links between health and such constructs as optimism, gratitude, resilience, and self-compassion validate the new and growing subfield of ______ psychology.

A) clinical
B) positive
C) medical
D) social

Question 19

With respect to heart disease, the "active ingredient" in the Type A personality is ______.

A) hostility
B) competitiveness
C) job involvement
D) anxiety

Question 20

The buffering and direct-effects hypotheses make DIFFERENT predictions regarding the effects of social support when stress is ______.

A) low
B) moderate
C) high
D) either low or high

Question 21

People with an external locus of control are MORE likely to exercise than are people with an internal locus of control.

Question 22

"Mature trees" are a selling point often seen in real estate ads. Based on the textbook's discussion, is this a valid selling point?

A) Not really. The value of mature trees is limited to their aesthetic appeal, and perhaps the future resale value of the home.
B) Only in a limited way. A tree canopy of 10% may buffer the stress experienced in low-income communities.
C) It could be, if there are enough trees. Tree cover can reduce depression, stress, and anxiety, but only if there is a 25% tree canopy.
D) Definitely. A tree canopy of 10% can reduce depression, stress, and anxiety among people of all income levels.

Question 23

As reflected in visits to the campus health center, high physical fitness may completely counteract the effects of high stress among college students.

Question 24

About half of all Americans regularly participate in some type of religious activity.

Question 25

A social support inventory. Define three of the following types of social support: (a) emotional, (b) belongingness, (c) instrumental, (d) informational, and (e) esteem, or validational, support. For each type you define, provide an example from the instances of social support you have received over the past year or so.

Question 26

With respect to heart disease, hostility is the "key ingredient" in the Type A personality.

Question 27

A Coping Styles Audit. Think back over the sources of stress you have experienced in the past year. Define (a) problem-focused, (b) approach-focused, and (c) avoidance coping. Illustrate each definition with an example from your own stress-management history over the past year. Making explicit reference to the types of coping you defined, explain how you might improve your coping style in the coming year.

Question 28

When bad things happen to her, Toni responds by practicing an "attitude of gratitude": listing all the good things in her life that she is thankful for. This is an example of emotion-focused coping.

Question 29

Which correlation coefficient is a Dr. Williamson MOST likely to find between frequency of physical exercise and scores on a measure of locus of control, where higher scores indicate a more internal locus of control?

A) -.48
B) -.28
C) .04
D) .32

Question 30

Claire extends her left calf muscle then relaxes it, concentrating on the tension leaving the muscle as she does so. Claire then tenses and relaxes her left quadriceps, again noting the flow of tension from the area. Claire is engaged in ______.

A) systematic desensitization
B) mindfulness
C) biofeedback
D) progressive muscle relaxation

Question 31

Social support is associated with decreased mortality even among those who are critically ill.

Question 32

According to the text, "researchers believe that exposure to nature basically switches the body from the 'fight-or-flight' response . . . to a 'rest-and-digest' model." Exposure to nature therefore involves a switch from ______ nervous system activity to ______ nervous system activity.

A) parasympathetic; somatic
B) parasympathetic; sympathetic
C) sympathetic; parasympathetic
D) sympathetic; somatic

Question 33

Problem-focused coping is always more effective than emotion-focused coping.

Question 34

______ provides visual or auditory information about biological processes, allowing an individual to learn to control his or her physiological processes.

A) Biofeedback
B) Mindfulness
C) Progressive muscle relaxation
D) Systematic desensitization

Question 35

Social support is never a bad thing.