Deck 13: Education

Question 1

Which of these is TRUE of the for-profit college?

A)It is experiencing dramatic growth.
B)Its students are more likely to graduate than students of other types of colleges.
C)Its graduates have lower employment outcomes than those of other types of colleges.
D)Its graduates emerge with less debt than graduates of other types of colleges.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to Robert Dreeben which of these do schools teach?

A)dependence
B)value achievement
C)the norm of individualism
D)the norm of competition

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Randall Collins focused on the growth of ______ as a social signal that high-status groups use to maintain their status.

A)business degrees
B)credentials
C)private schools
D)mentorship

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Mrs.Harper,a third-grade teacher,brands certain students as achievers and other students as slackers.This,in turn,affects their school performance.Which theoretical perspective would focus on this phenomenon?

A)functionalist
B)conflict
C)symbolic interactionist
D)critical

Question 5

Student loan default rates are highest at which of these?

A)private nonprofit institutions
B)public universities
C)two-year colleges
D)private for-profit colleges

Question 6

Which of these focus on labels that students acquire in school and how this affects the way they are treated by teachers?

A)structural-functionalists
B)symbolic interactionists
C)conflict/critical theorists
D)exchange theorists

Question 7

The structural-functionalist orientation to education was founded by which of these?

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Auguste Comte

Question 8

Jane is an ethnomethodologist who studies classrooms.Which of these is she likely to show in her research on elementary school?

A)ways in which students are taught to be cultural dopes
B)ways in which students are trained to internalize cultural norms and what those norms are
C)ways in which students are trained to be consumers
D)ways in which students are actively involved through speech and behavior

Question 9

What concept accounts for the way education continues to recreate the class system?

A)cumulative advantage
B)social reproduction
C)meritocracy
D)social institutionalism

Question 10

According to the text,students cannot help bringing the ethos of ______ to the college experience since it is pervasive throughout U.S.society.

A)narcissism
B)consumption
C)short attention spans
D)anti-intellectualism

Question 11

The correlation between educational attainment and employment earnings is which of these?

A)strong and negative
B)strong and positive
C)weak and positive
D)weak and negative

Question 12

Max Weber believed that education was which of these?

A)part of the class conflict between various social classes
B)functional for the wealthy
C)useless for the middle class
D)central to a status competition among groups with society

Question 13

According to Émile Durkheim,the two types of training that the educational system should provide are which of these?

A)general; specific
B)beginner; intermediate
C)skills; content
D)reading; math

Question 14

Which of these is TRUE of Trump University?

A)It was an example of a not-for-profit college.
B)It was staffed by highly qualified instructors.
C)It used high pressure tactics to extract money from students.
D)Donald Trump was actively involved in the college.

Question 15

Which of these are interested in everyday methods that students employ to accomplish school-related tasks,such as completing exams?

A)structural-functionalists
B)conflict/critical theorists
C)ethnomethodologists
D)exchange theorists

Question 16

Symbolic interactionists,when studying the educational system,are most likely to focus on which of these?

A)the behaviors between students in a classroom
B)the struggles that working class and upper-class face
C)the functions of the educational system in various countries
D)the larger structure of the school system

Question 17

Which theories examine how education serves to reproduce social inequalities and reinforce the system of social stratification?

A)structural/functional
B)symbolic interaction
C)conflict/critical
D)exchange

Question 18

Matthew is a factory worker who has a high school degree.He would like to be promoted to the managerial position,but José,who has a bachelor's degree,obtains the position.What does this exemplify?

A)discriminatory meritocracy
B)credentialism
C)workplace bias
D)commercialization

Question 19

Education and ______ are closely related processes because education builds on the base of knowledge already acquired in early life.

A)socialization
B)family
C)bureaucracy
D)stratification

Question 20

Which of these best represents how conflict/critical theorists Bowles and Gintis see the role of school?

A)Schools train students to become "good workers" before they enter the capitalist system.
B)Schools train students to be aware of class differences.
C)Schools train all students to be independent problem solvers.
D)Schools train individuals to be achievement-oriented.

Question 21

Betty Hart and Todd Risley's research shows that there is a correlation between children's exposure to differences in parenting practices and which of these?

A)children's academic performance
B)how they raised their own children
C)children's vocabulary growth
D)children's discipline problems

Question 22

What was the outcome of the Perry Preschool policy experiment?

A)Perry Preschool students were discriminated against later in life.
B)Perry Preschool students became more interested in social policy as they aged.
C)Perry Preschool children were more likely than the control group to finish high school and college.
D)The children who received no preschool had better outcomes than those who participated in preschool.

Question 23

Which of these is TRUE of charter schools?

A)They perform better than their traditional public-school counterparts.
B)Their quality tends to vary (e.g.between neighborhoods)
C)They are less racially segregated than other types of schools.
D)They tend to be better managed than their public-school counterparts.

Question 24

What is the term for government-issued certificates that allow students to pay tuition to private school with public tax dollars?

A)scholarship tax
B)vouchers
C)homeschools
D)charter schools

Question 25

Which alternative to public school attempts to allow every student and teacher an equal voice in decision making about how long classes are and who teaches them?

A)homeschooling
B)charter schools
C)voucher schools
D)unschooling

Question 26

Nan believes that if she works hard in her classes she will succeed in life.Nan's belief is compatible with which of these concepts?

A)habitus
B)cultural dopes
C)social reproduction
D)meritocracy

Question 27

Which of these is correlated with producing the highest end-of-high-school reading and math scores?

A)student effort
B)student relationships with their faculty
C)student IQs
D)student's parent's education

Question 28

Which of these is the most accurate statement about summer learning?

A)Both affluent and poor children lose learning at equal rates during the summer.
B)Both affluent and poor children experience learning gains over the summer months.
C)Schools play no significant role in creating summer learning gaps,but they do mediate some of the effects of unequal family backgrounds.
D)The high gains in summer learning show that schools are unimportant for student outcomes.

Question 29

Jill and Steve are parents to three young children and are college educated.They are always stressing the importance of a college education to their children.Their children are developing a(n)______ because of this socialization.

A)college-going habitus
B)achievement orientation
C)organizational capacity
D)cumulative advantage

Question 30

With which of these statements would John Dewey agree?

A)The best education is market-based.
B)Education should be equal for all and should serve the public good.
C)Everyone should have educational choice.
D)Schools should let students do whatever they want to do in their learning.

Question 31

What is the process by which the most advantaged individuals are awarded the best opportunities?

A)cumulative advantage
B)tracking advantage
C)performance advantage
D)hidden curriculum advantage

Question 32

Which of these is a characteristic of charter schools?

A)They are privately funded.
B)They are publicly operated.
C)Their teacher's belong to unions.
D)They do not charge tuition.

Question 33

Who conducted the first large-scale study of U.S.schools?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)James Coleman
C)David Brooks
D)Randall Collins

Question 34

The Coleman study of U.S.schools found that the most important school predictor of student learning was which of these?

A)teacher quality
B)family background
C)gender
D)race

Question 35

Which of these view education as a meritocracy?

A)symbolic interactionists
B)conflict theorists
C)feminists
D)structural-functionalists

Question 36

Students who are ______ are more likely than ______ students to complete high school and attain either a bachelor's or master's degree,or higher.

A)poor and working-class; upper class
B)Asian and White; Black or Hispanic
C)Black or Hispanic; Asian and White
D)hard working; "slacker"

Question 37

The popularity of ______ has/have grown in recent years,while the popularity of ______ has/have been mixed at best.

A)charter schools; homeschooling
B)homeschooling; unschooling
C)unschool; charter schools
D)homeschooling; charter schools

Question 38

Sociologists have debunked which of these controversial findings from The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray?

A)Men are innately smarter than women.
B)There are innate intelligence differences by race.
C)Those from elite social groups are innately smarter than those from lower classes.
D)Some individuals are incapable of learning at a college level.

Question 39

Which of these assumptions did the Coleman report show to be false?

A)that schools should be racially integrated
B)that schools should educate girls and boys together
C)that educational institutions can create equal opportunities that overcome class and race inequalities
D)that homeschooled students are less likely to be successful in college

Question 40

Which of these argue that educational meritocracy is a myth that leads to blaming individuals?

A)symbolic interactionists
B)conflict theorists
C)feminists
D)structural-functionalists

Question 41

How does the U.S.system differ from Germany and Japan?

A)Tracking occurs within schools,not between schools.
B)Unlike the U.S.,Germany and Japan organize education at the state level,.
C)The U.S.has the highest levels of achievement inequality when compared to Germany and Japan.
D)Students seem to like school more in the U.S.

Question 42

Education has experienced an increase in commercialization.

Question 43

Part of the reason for the high default rates on student loans is that students emerge from for-profit colleges with poor career prospects and almost twice as much debt as those who attend private colleges.

Question 44

For-profit colleges have higher graduation rates than not-for-profit colleges.

Question 45

The ______ is a worldwide study of student educational performance.

A)Program for Assessment of International Students
B)Program for International Student Assessment
C)Program for American Student Assessment
D)Program for High Performing Students

Question 46

Which country is associated with the educational ideology equality of educational opportunities with less variation in achievement?

A)Germany
B)Finland
C)the U.S.
D)Japan

Question 47

Émile Durkheim believed that schools should provide every student with the same education.

Question 48

At what grade level do German schools recommend a secondary track of either academic or vocational for all students?

A)kindergarten
B)second grade
C)fourth grade
D)seventh grade

Question 49

The Program for International Student Assessment,or PISA,measures the proficiency of 15-year-olds in ______ every 3 years.

A)reading,math,and science
B)reading,social studies,and statistics
C)reading,math,and living skills
D)sociology,physics,and biology

Question 50

U.S.education is meritocratic because social origin and ascribed statuses have little effect on how much students learn and how far they go in school.

Question 51

Critical theorists see education as a cultural tool to keep people passive and in their place.

Question 52

Corporations such as Kaplan and Sylvan run nonprofit learning centers.

Question 53

Which country tops the worldwide student educational performance rankings in math,reading,and science?

A)the U.S.
B)Norway
C)Singapore
D)South Korea

Question 54

Channel One News provided in-class educational content to students while,at the same time,advertising products.

Question 55

The Coleman Report showed that gender inequality is the most significant source of difference in educational outcomes.

Question 56

Symbolic interactionists would agree that teachers who label students in a certain manner can affect their academic performance.

Question 57

During an economic recession those with the highest educational levels have been shown to have lower unemployment rates.

Question 58

How do Japanese schools enlist tracking following the first 9 years of school?

A)by evaluation of student grade record
B)by standardized tests
C)by a combination of past performance and student career assessment measures
D)by a formal interview with student and parents

Question 59

Educational experts have been interested in the consistently high rankings of Finland.Which of these are characteristics of Finland's educational system?

A)Finnish teachers are well trained and unionized.
B)Finnish schools rely heavily on standardized testing.
C)Finnish schools have different educational opportunities across schools to appeal to different types of students.
D)Finnish schools have high levels of school choice.

Question 60

Which country is associated with the educational ideology of meritocracy?

A)Germany
B)Finland
C)the U.S.
D)Japan

Question 61

High achieving U.S.students are those whose parents have the most motivation for them to go to school.

Question 62

Asian countries ranked highest in the PISA scores for math,reading,and science.

Question 63

Proponents of alternatives to public school share the common sentiment of the importance of school choice.

Question 64

Studies on preschool have concluded that it is unlikely to produce long-term results around educational inequality.

Question 65

John Dewey advocated for public education as a mechanism to serve the public interest by providing educational opportunity for all citizens.

Question 66

Most parents who homeschool do so out of a concern for the environment of other school choices.

Question 67

The U.S.has the lowest percentage globally of children who are being taught at home.

Question 68

If Keisha is consistently placed in high tracks,she will likely outperform other students.This process is known as cumulative advantage.

Question 69

Hispanic students are more likely than Black or Asian students to complete high school and obtain a college degree.

Question 70

Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray claimed that differences in learning and schooling are largely determined by differences in intelligence.

Question 71

Michelle is from a high-income family and all her relatives have advanced degrees.Michelle is likely to have a college-going habitus.

Question 72

School vouchers allow students to use public tax dollars to pay tuition at private schools.

Question 73

Many of the choices made for educational reform benefit those with the ability to participate and influence politics,those who have capital.

Question 74

Summer learning is about equal for children regardless of social class.

Question 75

Most homeschooled children are Asian.

Question 76

For the first nine years of school,German students are exposed to a uniform curriculum.

Question 77

Grouping students by ability is known as tracking.

Question 78

Tracking is largely determined by individual student intelligence.

Question 79

According to Hart and Risley's research on household interaction,working-class family's spoke to their young children using about the same number of words as did professional families.

Question 80

One problem for public education has been that politicians have focused on the private interests of individuals as consumers and taken out of the equation the role of individuals as citizens.This has undermined public education and contributed to inequality.