Deck 9: Global Stratification

Question 1

The chapter text suggests that those in the Global South suffer from a "double nutritional burden." What makes the burden double?

A)Farmers cannot afford to maintain crops and therefore they don't have enough to eat.
B)Starvation and being underweight from lack of food is a problem; so is obesity from eating too much and the wrong types of foods.
C)The nutrition of the parents is not good,so they have more difficulty delivering healthy children.
D)There are problems with getting access to enough vegetables and with getting enough protein.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE of the disassembly of global e-waste?

A)The Global North has the technologies to destroy large amounts of the Global South's e-waste and thus receives a disproportionate amount of global e-waste.
B)It requires skilled technicians to remove the valuable components and elements.
C)It is done by churequeros in Managua.
D)It can be transformed into work,jobs,and profits.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Where do the clear majority (70%)of those in the bottom billion live?

A)India
B)China
C)Africa
D)Mexico

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of these countries has been able to move most of its people out of the bottom billion?

A)India
B)Haiti
C)Bolivia
D)Laos

Question 5

In percentages,how much of the world's wealth is owned by the richest 1% of people in the world as of 2017?

A)15%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 6

Globally,women are likely to participate ______ in the paid labor force than men and earn ______ than men.

A)more; more
B)more; less
C)less; less
D)less; more

Question 7

What development has helped to narrow the digital divide?

A)the introduction of laptops with long battery lives
B)widespread access to electricity
C)the spread of the use of "smart" mobile phones
D)the social philanthropy of technology billionaires,who are building the necessary infrastructure in the Global South

Question 8

In global stratification,the ______ has dominated,controlled,exploited,and oppressed the ______.

A)West; East
B)bigger continents; smaller continents
C)Global South; Global North
D)Global North; Global South

Question 9

Which of these is TRUE of the global digital divide?

A)It appears to be increasing.
B)It appears to be decreasing.
C)It has stayed the same for many years and will likely continue to be very unequal.
D)It is impossible to predict.

Question 10

Which income category contains the largest number of countries according to the ranking by the World Bank?

A)high-income economies
B)middle-income economies
C)low-income economies
D)The World Bank divided countries equally among these categories.

Question 11

According to Oxfam,the 42 richest people in the world held as much wealth as the poorest ______ number of people.

A)100 million
B)800 million
C)1.7 billion
D)3.7 billion

Question 12

Stratification on the global level is often seen as a divide of ______ and ______.

A)East; West
B)Global North; Global South
C)First World; Second World
D)core; periphery

Question 13

How many countries in the world are categorized as "high-income countries"?

A)21
B)41
C)81
D)101

Question 14

There have been some improvements in health in the Global South.Most of these improvements tend to be found in which of these countries?

A)those best connected to the global economy
B)those that have the best sanitation practices
C)those with the most tourism from high-income countries
D)those that were once a part of the USSR

Question 15

Maria is a domestic worker for a household where she has no secure contract,worker benefits,or wage agreement.Maria's job is categorized as existing in which of these economies?

A)the Global South economy
B)the informal economy
C)the consumer economy
D)the guest-worker economy

Question 16

Which of these is characteristic of the bottom billion?

A)a life expectancy of about 67 years
B)an infant mortality rate of about 14% dead before their fifth year of life
C)a 20% likelihood of malnutrition
D)an income of about half of those in the Global South

Question 17

The 2013-2015 Ebola outbreak illustrated global health issues in what way?

A)Low-income countries with low population density were less likely to be affected.
B)Once someone contracted the disease,they were likely to die regardless of where they were treated.
C)Those treated in the Global North recovered at much higher rates than those in the Global South.
D)Diseases like Ebola,which spreads through casual contact,can quickly be spread around the world in the current global age.

Question 18

The term ______ refers to people who live in extreme poverty and are more likely to live in the least industrialized nations,such as Haiti,Laos,and many countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

A)bottom billion
B)underdeveloped
C)trapped
D)underprivileged

Question 19

The Global South and the Global North have different and unequal outcomes.Which of these is TRUE of the Global North as it relates to health outcomes?

A)It carries a disproportionate share of the disease burden.
B)It has a disproportionate share of mortality and morbidity.
C)It receives a disproportionate share of medical care.
D)It has a disproportionate share of hunger and malnutrition.

Question 20

At least theoretically,the Internet allows for participation by anyone anywhere in the global,digital economy,but NOT everyone has real and practical access.This is called which of these?

A)the global digital divide
B)consumer culture
C)digital stratification
D)the bottom billion

Question 21

What did Pietra Rivoli's study of the global T-shirt market reveal?

A)The T-shirt market did not conform to "race to the bottom" tactics.
B)Countries that bid the lowest will eventually collapse.
C)Countries that won the "race to the bottom" centuries ago now have the most successful economies.
D)Global textiles are a market that has had a strong monopoly in China for centuries.

Question 22

______ is the country that gives the most foreign aid in terms of dollars,but ______ routinely give more in terms of the percentage of their gross national income.

A)The United Kingdom; the Nordic countries
B)The U.S.; the Nordic countries
C)The United Arab Emirates; Western European countries
D)The U.S.; Western European countries

Question 23

What term does Arlie Hochschild use to describe the networks of immigrants who migrate to complete domestic work in the global economy?

A)global care chains
B)globalized domestics
C)underground economy networks
D)sex work

Question 24

When did foreign aid begin in its contemporary form?

A)after World War I
B)after World War II
C)after the Korean War
D)after the Vietnam War

Question 25

The industrial upgrading process is threatened by which of these?

A)the uncertainty of the temporary labor force
B)the fluctuations of the global market
C)the ability to acquire the necessary raw materials
D)the dynamics of the race to the bottom

Question 26

Maquiladoras exemplify which of these?

A)industrial upgrading
B)global care chains
C)foreign aid
D)the race to the bottom

Question 27

Which of these is a key difference between colonialism and postcolonialism?

A)the presence (or absence)of settlers in colonies
B)the creation of an administrative apparatus
C)Colonialism is from before 1900; postcolonialism is after 1900
D)Postcolonialism is liberated from exploitive actions through colonialism

Question 28

The purpose of ______ is to exploit the weaker nation's people and resources for the benefit of the stronger country.

A)neocolonialism
B)colonialism
C)capitalism
D)communism

Question 29

Which of these describes the "race to the bottom"?

A)the way in which countries near the bottom of the global hierarchy lower their prices to outbid other similar competitors for work
B)the way in which countries that stay near the bottom of the hierarchy too long begin to lose their national infrastructure
C)the way in which Global South countries try to appear poorer than they are to attract more aid from the Global North
D)the way in which poor countries misuse foreign aid as a means of development

Question 30

One theory of global stratification by the ______ approach is the modernization theory,which explains unequal economic differences based on structural and cultural differences between countries.

A)structural/functionalist
B)conflict/critical
C)interactionist
D)ethnomethodological

Question 31

Critics of modernization theory feel that it focuses too narrowly on what?

A)consumption
B)politics
C)technology
D)the economy

Question 32

Which of these describes the phenomenon of economic assistance given by countries or global institutions to foreign countries to promote development or social welfare?

A)outsourcing
B)foreign aid
C)world-systems theory
D)globalization loans

Question 33

What is the name for the process by which countries undertake more complex,higher-value production activities?

A)winning the race to the bottom b industrial upgrading
C)technologizing
D)manufacturing the economy

Question 34

According to the United Nations Development program,men own ______ of the world's wealth while women own ______.

A)60%; 40%
B)72%,28%
C)89%,11%
D)99%,1%

Question 35

Walt Rostow was an adviser to President John F.Kennedy.Rostow's use of modernization theory had a major influence on U.S.foreign policy during the Cold War.This theory is derived from the ______ school of thought.

A)structural/functionalist
B)conflict/critical
C)interactionist
D)ethnomethodological

Question 36

Both China and Mexico have gone from a process of assembly to original manufacture.What concept describes this phenomenon?

A)stratification
B)industrial upgrading
C)foreign aid
D)colonialism

Question 37

Which of the following groups of men did Kimberly Hoang's research show to frequent hostess bars explicitly to purchase sex?

A)local Vietnamese men
B)western budget tourists
C)Vietnamese men who lived abroad who had returned home
D)other Asian men

Question 38

Which of the following is TRUE of foreign aid?

A)It can adversely affect countries seeking assistance.
B)Loans that qualify as aid loans must be provided at current interest rates.
C)Most of it is multilateral.
D)Its largest recipient is the United Arab Emirates.

Question 39

Which of these is characteristic of informal employment?

A)Men are more likely than women to be employed in it.
B)Men are more likely to work in informal jobs in agricultural segments while women are more likely to work in non-agricultural segments
C)Informal employment is decreasing worldwide.
D)Informal employment is attractive to workers because it allows them to earn higher pay.

Question 40

Theories from the ______ approach examine the relationship of dependency between wealthy countries and their transnational corporations that exploit poor countries.

A)structural/functionalist
B)conflict/critical
C)interactionist
D)ethnomethodological

Question 41

Kevin has a large house,a big car,and multiple television sets.These are consumption markers for development according to which theory?

A)neomodernization theory
B)world-systems theory
C)postcolonialism theory
D)modernization theory

Question 42

The nations in which most of the bottom billion live rank in the middle of the stratification system.

Question 43

The idea of reorganizing unequal global trade in a way that minimizes inequalities is called which of these?

A)equal trade
B)honest consumption
C)fair trade
D)neoconsumption

Question 44

According to world-systems theory,the current world system has its roots in which of these?

A)slavery
B)the process of colonization
C)modernization
D)neomodernization

Question 45

Worldwide,websites now reach all but a few language groups in increasingly equal ways.

Question 46

China and Japan are part of the Global South.

Question 47

Much of the world's coffee is produced by small farmers in the Global South.When services like Coffee CSA work with these farmers,they agree to lock in a price paid by the Global North for the coffee so long as the producer meets the production criteria set by the CSA.What does this agreement represent?

A)fair trade
B)postcolonialism
C)neomodernization
D)imperialism

Question 48

Who is the author of the most notable work on postcolonialism,Orientalism?

A)Walter Rostow
B)Pierre Bourdieu
C)Arlie Hochschild
D)Edward Said

Question 49

Which of these describes the process by which one country controls another without the creation of colonies?

A)postcolonialism
B)neomodernization
C)modernization
D)imperialism

Question 50

Countries in the Global North share similar economies.

Question 51

One of the most common products in the fair-trade system is which of these?

A)coffee
B)T-shirts
C)vegetables
D)tobacco

Question 52

In 2017,eight billionaires possessed the same wealth as 50% of the world's population.

Question 53

Countries that recently industrialized are commonly found in the middle-income category range.

Question 54

World-systems theory is a ______ theory that was strongly influenced by ______.

A)conflict/critical; Marx
B)conflict/critical; Merton
C)structural/functionalist; Durkheim
D)historical/comparative; Weber

Question 55

The wealth of the richest people in the world has declined over the past 10 years.

Question 56

A society's position in the larger global stratification system has a significant effect on the stratification that is found within that society.

Question 57

World-systems theory divides the world into two parts: the ______ and the ______.

A)Global North; Global South
B)colonizers; colonized
C)core; periphery
D)capitalist; noncapitalist

Question 58

As a rule,low-income countries are concentrated in the Global South,while high-income countries are found in the Global North.

Question 59

The majority of countries today are considered "low-income" according to your text.

Question 60

According to ______,some areas,such as some Middle Eastern countries,parts of Asia,and much of Africa,are dependent upon and exploited by core nation-states.

A)neocolonialism
B)imperialism
C)colonialism
D)world-systems theory

Question 61

According to modernization theory,the development of certain structures (especially technologies)and cultural realities (values,norms)are deemed essential for societies to modernize.

Question 62

The world-systems theory focuses on the fact that many peripheral countries are dependent on core countries for basic supplies and financial support,whereas the core exploits these countries for cheap labor.

Question 63

Foreign aid is defined as economic assistance given by industries to promote capitalism abroad.

Question 64

Women's labor force participation in Southeast Asia,the Middle East,and North Africa is significantly higher than men's labor force participation.

Question 65

The fair-trade system links consumers in the Global North to producers in the Global South so that consumers know where their products come from and under what conditions they were produced.

Question 66

Globally,on average,men earn less in the labor force than women.

Question 67

Globalization has the effect of increasing the spread of real culture while decreasing the spread of consumer culture.

Question 68

Globalized consumer culture functions to make consumers more likely to take action around global social problems and inequalities.

Question 69

One of the reasons that women accept work in the informal economy,despite its insecurity and low wages,is because it enables them to work at home.

Question 70

Kimberly Hoang's research showed that local Vietnamese men frequent hostess bars explicitly to purchase sex as an affirmation of their power and masculinity.

Question 71

Research has shown that a society's level of wealth corresponds with its availability of health care to all its citizens.

Question 72

Globalization is associated with narrowed global disparities in life span and health outcomes.

Question 73

Countries located at or near the bottom of the global economic market are very likely to stay there.

Question 74

For Walt Rostow,a country is fully modernized when large numbers of people can enjoy the high standard of living associated with mass consumption.

Question 75

The number of Internet users worldwide has declined in the past 5 years.

Question 76

The Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)increased the number of uninsured in the U.S.

Question 77

The countries that typically give the most in foreign aid as a percentage of GNI are China and Brazil.

Question 78

To participate in the fair-trade system,farmers must meet a set of conditions regarding their production practices that are meant to empower workers and improve environmental sustainability.

Question 79

One purpose of colonialism is to establish economic colonies that exploit the colonized nation's people and resources for the benefit of the more powerful country.

Question 80

The U.S.gives the most in global foreign aid in terms of dollars but is considerably behind other countries when measured as a percentage of GNI.