Deck 1: An Introduction to Sociology in the Global Age

Question 1

McDonaldization is a concept that describes which of these?

A)the processes of globalization
B)the creation of rational systems that can guide mass production
C)the way that cultural diffusion happens
D)the creation of an unskilled and low-paid underclass of workers

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The growth of the service sector and white-collar work in the mid-20th century gave rise to what age?

A)the consumer age
B)the digital age
C)the postindustrial age
D)the information age

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Sociology is the systematic study of which of these?

A)the way people are influenced by history
B)the way people are influenced by mental illness
C)the way people interpret and create language
D)the way people are affected and affect social structures and processes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of these garnered the attention of 18th- and 19th-century sociologists?

A)industrial revolution
B)consumption
C)nuclear families
D)religious decline

Question 5

As globalization increases,social structures have which effect on the flow of products and information?

A)They enable better global flows.
B)They impede global flows.
C)They both increase and limit global flows.
D)They have little effect on the flow of products and information.

Question 6

What is the term associated with increased negative global flows,such as diseases or pollution?

A)terrorism
B)deviant globalization
C)hyper capitalism
D)anti-globalization

Question 7

In the U.S.,manufacturing has ______ since the middle of the 20th century,signaling a move out of the ______ age.

A)decreased; industrial
B)decreased; preindustrial
C)increased; preindustrial
D)increased; agrarian

Question 8

The process by which people obtain and use goods and services is known as which of these?

A)globalization
B)consumption
C)society
D)flows

Question 9

Traditionally,which of these was the largest unit of analysis in sociology?

A)inequality
B)gender
C)society
D)globalization

Question 10

What trend is evidenced by the rise in credit card debt from 1969 to now?

A)the increased globalization of the economy
B)the increase of economic technology in the postindustrial age
C)the dramatic increase in personal consumption among people in the U.S.
D)the increasing divide between income and living expenses

Question 11

According to the chapter text,no social change is as important today as which of these?

A)radicalization
B)globalization
C)climate change
D)the growth of inequality

Question 12

The 21st century is associated with which of these?

A)agrarian stage
B)industrial stage
C)post-industrial stage
D)information stage

Question 13

Twitter allows individuals to communicate globally.This communication has been responsible for large-scale social upheaval.This individual impact on large scale structures is called which of these?

A)the butterfly effect
B)sociology
C)commodification
D)globalization

Question 14

As globalization takes place,what happens to the movement of products and people?

A)They become more monitored.
B)They become more regulated.
C)The become more unequal.
D)They become more fluid.

Question 15

Jane works at a company that emphasizes that people should do tasks as quickly and cheaply as possible.Which characteristic of McDonaldization does this exemplify?

A)calculability
B)control
C)efficiency
D)predictability

Question 16

The postindustrial age began around the middle of the 20th century but transitioned into the ______ at the beginning of the 21st century.

A)Industrial Age
B)Cyber Age
C)Space Age
D)Information Age

Question 17

One of the four defining characteristics of McDonaldization is predictability.What does predictability refer to?

A)the ability to predict the future growth of the company
B)the ability to predict one's experience across different settings
C)the ability to predict where the product will spread
D)the ability to predict who will buy the product

Question 18

Starting in the 1950s,developed countries with capitalist economies began to shift from ______ to ______.

A)production; consumption
B)manufacturing; providing services
C)working class; middle class
D)affluence; recession

Question 19

At Tommy's job,customers fill out satisfaction surveys to rate employees to ensure to the company that they are doing their job.Which characteristic of McDonaldization does this exemplify?

A)calculability
B)control
C)efficiency
D)predictability

Question 20

McDonald's,blue jeans,and Pizza Hut are now found in countries all over the world.Which concept is exemplified by this phenomenon?

A)cultural lag
B)globalization
C)cultural relativity
D)McDonaldization

Question 21

The Power Elite was written by ______.

A)Auguste Comte
B)C.Wright Mills
C)Karl Marx
D)Émile Durkheim

Question 22

Every society has a certain ______ that dictates how that society's institutions are organized and which roles need to be filled within those organizations.

A)organizational structure
B)social structure
C)governing body
D)social construction

Question 23

A researcher studying a local school district realizes that its problems are also occurring in the majority of public-school districts within the U.S.This researcher is connecting ______ to ______ social phenomena.

A)local; global
B)micro; macro
C)private; public
D)agency; structure

Question 24

Many people believe that when they get laid off from their job,they are alone,but many soon come to realize that this is a result of the current recession.They can connect their ______ troubles to ______ issues.

A)public; private
B)individualistic; common
C)secret; overt
D)private; public

Question 25

Which of these is an example of a modern military-industrial complex?

A)the United Nations
B)the Great Recession
C)the War on Terror
D)the World Bank

Question 26

What is the name for the fact that individuals create social reality through their thoughts and actions?

A)agency-structure relationship
B)social construction of reality
C)micro-macro relationship
D)social structure

Question 27

Societal changes in the aftermath of the Great Recession suggest that we are moving into an age in which people are more likely to do which of these?

A)rely on credit more than ever before
B)spend their money on more high-end goods and entertainment
C)spend money reluctantly
D)prefer more do-it-yourself products to store-bought products

Question 28

Lona,a researcher who studies poverty in a major city,focuses on the relationship between social class and level of poverty.Which analytical approach is Lona using?

A)micro
B)macro
C)dangerous giant
D)social construction

Question 29

______ is the ability to look at the social world from different perspectives.

A)Sociological imagination
B)Mediated interaction
C)Social constructionism
D)Public sociology

Question 30

Agency,as used in sociology,refers to power of which of these?

A)structures
B)organizations
C)laws
D)individuals

Question 31

Which of these is associated with McDonaldization?

A)excessive humanization
B)excessive consumption
C)excessive community
D)excessive individualism

Question 32

Which of these is TRUE of the agency-structure relationship?

A)It shows that agency is a macro phenomenon.
B)It shows that individuals are powerless to make changes.
C)It is much more likely to be used by European sociologists than U.S.sociologists to analyze society.
D)It shows how individual action is enabled and constrained by social structures.

Question 33

Who applied sociology to politics,arguing that the U.S.was developing a "military industrial complex" that favored war?

A)Auguste Comte
B)Karl Marx
C)C.Wright Mills
D)Émile Durkheim

Question 34

Randall Collins's theory of violence includes individuals who can carry out violent interactions and the resources with which an organization must equip themselves to carry out violence.His theory includes both ______ and ______ components.

A)public; private
B)global; local
C)agency; structural
D)micro; macro

Question 35

Bullfighting is a popular sport in Spain but many people in the U.S.think negatively of it because of its brutality.If people in the U.S.looked at bullfighting from Spaniards' perspectives,they would understand it as a cultural tradition.People in the U.S.who could do so would be exhibiting which of these?

A)globalization
B)ethnocentrism
C)sociological imagination
D)mediated interaction

Question 36

Which sociologist argued that a money economy is significant because it speeds up consumption and allows people to consume more than they otherwise would?

A)C.Wright Mills
B)Auguste Comte
C)Georg Simmel
D)Karl Marx

Question 37

Which analytical approach would a researcher be using if they interview neighborhood residents to gain some insight into experiences of local crime?

A)micro
B)macro
C)dangerous giant
D)social construction

Question 38

Clothing designers can influence the fashions women wear and how they view their own bodies.This is an example of which of these?

A)the link between agency and structure
B)the social construction of reality
C)the sociological imagination
D)social reform

Question 39

Which of these is associated with shopping online and reviewing products and services?

A)globalization
B)consumption
C)digital world
D)McDonaldization

Question 40

According to Erving Goffman,the Vietnam War protestors would be considered ______ as they realized their power to create change and affect the entire society.

A)dangerous giants
B)the power elite
C)social constructionists
D)communists

Question 41

Human trafficking is illegal but widely practiced worldwide.

Question 42

Which theorist invented the term sociology and developed it as a field of thought?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Auguste Comte
C)Jane Addams
D)Friedrich Engels

Question 43

The most important change today is deglobalization.

Question 44

The goal of sociologists who see sociology as a science is primarily ______.

A)knowledge-gathering
B)social change
C)myth-busting
D)advocacy

Question 45

A society can be defined as a complex pattern of social relationships bounded in space and persisting over time.

Question 46

In the global age,societies are increasing in importance.

Question 47

In the transition to an information economy,more people perform labor for free.

Question 48

Sociology is divided between those who advocate for a ______ approach to social problems and those who advocate for a ______ approach.

A)public; private
B)pure science; social reform
C)statistical; narrative
D)personal; community

Question 49

The global age is marked by fluidity of people and products.

Question 50

Sports teams and governmental hierarchies are examples of ______.

A)social classes
B)social structures
C)social systems
D)social organizations

Question 51

Which discipline would be particularly interested in how the Internet has shaped global information flows?

A)psychology
B)anthropology
C)geography
D)communication studies

Question 52

How is sociology different from commonsense understandings of the social world?

A)Sociology is intentional; common sense is not.
B)Sociology is systematic and rigorous; common sense is not.
C)Sociology requires sampling large portions of the population.
D)Sociology focuses only on questions of scientific relevance.

Question 53

The goal of sociologists who see sociology as a tool for social reform is primarily ______.

A)data-analyzing
B)advocacy-informing
C)data-gathering
D)theory-informing

Question 54

Sociology focuses on the ways in which the social world is continually changing.

Question 55

In the global age,borders between European countries have increased,while borders between countries in other parts of the world have relaxed.

Question 56

Globalization is decreasing.

Question 57

Which discipline might study a society's cultural aspects in details,such as looking at a specific tribe and its practices-what they eat,how they organize families,and how they use resources?

A)psychology
B)anthropology
C)geography
D)communication studies

Question 58

Which discipline is the least specialized of the social sciences?

A)psychology
B)anthropology
C)geography
D)sociology

Question 59

Which types of sociologists argue that the task of the sociologist is to better understand common forms of social behavior by understanding everyday life?

A)Marxists
B)feminists
C)functionalists
D)ethnomethodologists

Question 60

Because of widespread global change,sociologists no longer focus on the traditional concerns around which sociology was created.

Question 61

Basing facts on informal observations is an example of sociological knowledge.

Question 62

Erving Goffman called people dangerous giants because he believed that human nature is inherently violent.

Question 63

Contemporary sociologists no longer use concepts from classical sociologists,because the social world has changed so much in the past three centuries.

Question 64

Consumption has been made possible by the growing affluence of consumers.

Question 65

U.S.sociologists are more likely to analyze society in terms of agency-structure relationships than are European sociologists.

Question 66

Sociology has a much broader focus than other disciplines in the social sciences.

Question 67

Sociologists should only engage in "pure science" research.

Question 68

Consumption is solely an economic phenomenon.

Question 69

Globalization's impact has been predominantly negative.

Question 70

Macro analysis involves focusing on the influence of groups and organizations.

Question 71

The gendered wage gap is a private issue because society is not benefiting from the many contributions women could be making.

Question 72

An example of mediated interaction would be communicating over the Internet in a chat room.

Question 73

A sociological imagination is the ability to look at the social world critically,using data and sociological insights.

Question 74

As an anthropologist,Ellen is most likely to focus on how nation-states relate to each other.

Question 75

Sociologists who engage in pure science believe sociology should be studied to change society for the better.

Question 76

The sociological imagination can help people make the connection between public issues and private troubles.

Question 77

As a political scientist,Mary is likely to focus on nation-states and how they interact globally.

Question 78

McDonaldization is the process by which the principles of a fast-food restaurant come to dominate societal sectors.

Question 79

Sociology is considered part of the humanities.

Question 80

Amir must repeat the same script to customers who come through a fast-food drive-through,regardless of what time of day or year it is.This is an example of the calculability dimension of McDonaldization.