Deck 8: Families

Question 1

Lower rates of parental monitoring have been associated with all of the following problems EXCEPT

A)earlier initiation of marijuana use in 13- to 14-year-olds.
B)increased risk of substance use during adolescence.
C)increased risk of adolescent depression.
D)decreased participation in extra-curricular activities in high school.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the timing for beginning parenthood has been found to be TRUE?

A)Parents who delayed childbearing have less egalitarian relationships with their adolescents than parents who had children earlier in life.
B)Men who delayed having children until their early thirties were less involved in child care than those who became fathers earlier.
C)The number of adolescent pregnancies increased considerably in the 1970s and 1980s.
D)In the last two decades women have had children earlier than they did 50 years ago.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Family organization and routine has been shown to be positively related to all of the following factors EXCEPT

A)school-related problems.
B)school attendance.
C)school achievement.
D)paying attention in class.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding parents as managers is NOT true?

A)Fathers are more likely than mothers to have a managerial role in parenting.
B)Mothers are more likely than fathers to have a managerial role in parenting.
C)Family management practices are positively related to students' grades.
D)Family management practices are negatively related to school problems.

Question 5

Bianca's parents fight constantly.As a result,they ignore her.Lately Bianca has begun to stay out late and to hang out with much older friends.Bianca's parents' conflict is having a(n)________ effect on her behavior.

A)indirect
B)direct
C)overt
D)covert

Question 6

Parental monitoring has all of the following effects EXCEPT

A)increased likelihood of higher grades.
B)increased likelihood of attending religious services.
C)lower marijuana use during adolescence.
D)consistent use of condoms by adolescents.

Question 7

Annie's mother tells her to change her shorts because they are too tight.Annie wants to know why she should have to change her outfit and says,"Everybody wears their shorts this way." Annie is most likely in which developmental stage?

A)early childhood
B)adolescence
C)middle childhood
D)late childhood

Question 8

Today's parent-adolescent relationships are viewed as

A)one-way processes.
B)collaborative.
C)adversarial.
D)reciprocal.

Question 9

Elise's parents give her information on an upcoming college fair and talk to her about her potential career choices.Elise's parents are acting as

A)co-parents.
B)managers.
C)collaborators.
D)controllers.

Question 10

Cognitive changes in adolescence that contribute to change in parent-adolescent relationships include all of the following EXCEPT

A)more logical reasoning.
B)increased idealistic thought.
C)changes in the expectations adolescents and parents have for each other.
D)decreased cognitive sophistication.

Question 11

Supervising adolescents' friends,activities,and social settings is known as

A)structuring.
B)monitoring.
C)managing.
D)controlling.

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding adolescents' disclosure to parents about their activities is TRUE?

A)Disclosure is linked to positive adolescent adjustment.
B)Younger adolescents are more likely than older adolescents to lie to parents if they are concerned about parental disapproval.
C)Older adolescents are more likely than younger adolescents to disclose engagement in risk-taking behavior.
D)Adolescents are more likely to disclose information on matters of privacy than risky actions.

Question 13

Socioemotional changes that affect parent-adolescent relationships include

A)increased responsibility in school.
B)increased initiative in school.
C)development of more sophisticated friendships.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding the link between marital relationships and parenting is NOT true?

A)Marital satisfaction is often related to good parenting.
B)When parents have more intimacy in their marriage,they are less affectionate to their children and adolescents.
C)Marriage enhancement programs improve parenting.
D)Happily married parents are more sensitive towards their children and adolescents.

Question 15

Which of the following,according to research,is the MOST stressful to adolescents during the peak of pubertal growth?

A)changes in schooling
B)conflict with parents
C)conflict with peers
D)moving towards independence

Question 16

Which of the following changes in parents contribute to parent-adolescent relationships?

A)Parents feel a decreased economic burden when their children are in adolescence.
B)Marital satisfaction increases after adolescents or emerging adults leave home.
C)Parents feel a decreased economic burden when their children are emerging adults.
D)Parents are increasingly comfortable with their own health and attractiveness.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a change in adolescence that can affect the parent-adolescent relationship?

A)decreased idealistic thought
B)puberty
C)changes in schooling
D)violated expectations

Question 18

According to research,when Kahlid,age 14,begins to question his parents' authority and resist their standards,his parents may

A)put pressure on him to conform.
B)let him do as he pleases.
C)calmly discuss his attitudes and behavior with him.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 19

The epigenetic view emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing,bidirectional interchange between ________ and the ________.

A)parents; adolescent
B)influence; behavior
C)heredity; environment
D)autonomy; secure attachment

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an adult developmental trajectory?

A)cohabitation
B)entry into high school
C)timing of child care
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 21

Michael's parents never discuss their rules.If he asks for an explanation,they answer,"Because I said so; that's all the explanation you need." Michael's parents are using which style of parenting?

A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)neglectful
D)indulgent

Question 22

Lori and her parents frequently have conflict over the amount of time she spends talking on the phone to her friends.Carl's parents nag him about how much time he spends text messaging his buddies.Both Lori and Carl are experiencing conflicts with their parents that are

A)fairly typical of the issues that lead adolescents and their parents to be in conflict.
B)atypical; most parents focus on larger issues like drinking or truancy.
C)atypical in that the conflicts are common; most parents rarely have conflict with their teens.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about conflict between adolescents and parents is TRUE?

A)Parent-adolescent conflict increases from early adolescence to late adolescence.
B)Recent research shows that Hall's conception of adolescence as a time of "storm and stress" is probably true.
C)Parent-child conflict is stronger than parent-early adolescent conflict.
D)Conflict between parents and adolescents is highest in early adolescence.

Question 24

Bryan's parents give him anything he wants and do not expect anything from him.They tried to involve him in family chores,but he just ignored them.Bryan's parents are using which of Diana Baurind's parenting styles?

A)authoritative
B)incompetent
C)authoritarian
D)indulgent

Question 25

Adolescents are most likely to have conflict with their

A)fathers.
B)siblings.
C)mothers.
D)romantic partners.

Question 26

Maureen's parents have clear,reasonable rules,which they communicate and enforce.They also are warm and nurturing towards Maureen and her siblings.Maureen's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?

A)indulgent
B)collaborative
C)authoritative
D)authoritarian

Question 27

Ricardo's parents use a co-parenting model whereby they show parental solidarity and cooperation.As a result,Ricardo is likely to have

A)prosocial behavior.
B)competence in peer relationships.
C)positive attitudes towards males and females.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the parenting styles described by Diana Baumrind?

A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)neglectful
D)incompetent

Question 29

Don is an African American teen who lives in a low-income neighborhood with his parents.Don's father works two jobs to provide for his family,but he always has time to listen to Don,and their weekly "burger and bowling" night is something that they both enjoy.According to research,Don is more likely than his counterparts who do not have a close relationship with their fathers to

A)go to college.
B)stay out of jail.
C)have good mental health.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about parenting is TRUE?

A)Consistent parenting is recommended.
B)Many parents use a combination of techniques.
C)Parents and adolescents socialize each other.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 31

Adolescents whose parents are not involved with their lives and who do not monitor their activities in any way tend to

A)lack self-efficacy.
B)lack self-control.
C)be shy and withdrawn.
D)be socially competent.

Question 32

Delany's parents are uninvolved in her life.She comes and goes as she pleases and she has the sense that she doesn't matter very much to her parents.Delany's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?

A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)neglectful
D)incompetent

Question 33

Recent research regarding father involvement in adolescent development has indicated

A)time with dad is positively related to social skill.
B)time with dad is negatively related to self-worth.
C)father absence is positively related to high school graduation.
D)father absence is negatively related to aggression.

Question 34

Jeremy is a dad to an adolescent boy and girl.If Jeremy is like most dads of adolescent children,he will

A)spend less time with his son.
B)show more attention to his daughter.
C)be concerned with the intellectual development of his son.
D)have a warmer relationship with the older child.

Question 35

Research has found that the result of authoritarian parenting is often adolescents who are

A)angry and hostile.
B)antisocial.
C)obsessive-compulsive.
D)socially incompetent.

Question 36

Jasmine's parents undermine each other when it comes to the discipline of their children.All of the children know that if Mom says,"No," they just have to ask Dad,and they will get what they want.Jasmine's father frequently refers to her mother as "the wimp," and the children know that their father has no respect for their mother.This type of parenting is likely to result in children who are

A)bullies and aggressive towards their peers.
B)at developmental risk.
C)socially competent despite their dysfunctional parents.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about authoritative parents is NOT true?

A)They establish an appropriate balance between control and autonomy.
B)They provide warmth and parental involvement.
C)Their children are less receptive to parental influences than other styles of parenting.
D)They are likely to encourage expression of adolescents' views.

Question 38

Which of the following statements regarding adolescents and their fathers is TRUE?

A)Fathers' interactions with their adolescents often center on caregiving and teaching activities.
B)The absence of a father during the adolescent years has been linked with higher rates of high school graduation.
C)The amount of time that fathers spend with their children has decreased in recent years.
D)U.S.adolescents spend more time with their mothers than their fathers.

Question 39

Indulgent parenting has been associated with ________ in adolescents.

A)appreciation
B)altruism
C)social competence
D)lack of self-control

Question 40

Ruth Chao argues that Asian-American parents are more likely to use the parenting style of ________,rather than authoritarian parenting.

A)guidance
B)affiliation
C)training
D)obedience

Question 41

Brett,age 14,has a positive relationship with his parents.As a baby,he formed a secure attachment.According to research,Brett probably has

A)social competence.
B)leadership skills.
C)extensive peer relationships.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 42

Eli has an insecure attachment to his mother.According to research,Eli's attachment situation makes him more likely to experience

A)good peer relationships.
B)depression.
C)successful autonomy.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 43

According to attachment theorists,secure attachment in infancy is linked to adolescents' development of

A)social competence.
B)trust.
C)self-efficacy.
D)human agency.

Question 44

Which of the following statements regarding autonomy in adolescence is NOT true?

A)Boys are given independence more than girls are.
B)Expectations about the timing of adolescent autonomy vary across cultures.
C)Expectations for early autonomy are prevalent in Latinos.
D)Expectations for early autonomy are prevalent in single parents.

Question 45

The type of insecure attachment in which the adolescent and the parent may mutually distance themselves from each other is

A)preoccupied/ambivalent attachment.
B)autonomous attachment.
C)symbiotic attachment.
D)dismissing/avoidant attachment.

Question 46

Jonathan,age 16,has a secure attachment to his parents.According to Joseph Allen and his colleagues,Jonathan should have

A)a high capacity for intimacy.
B)a slightly higher risk for experimenting with alcohol than peers with different attachment styles.
C)fewer friends than his peers,because he spends more time with his parents.
D)high grades in school.

Question 47

Which of the following statements about the transition from high school to college is NOT true?

A)Female students show more psychological dependency on their parents than do male students.
B)Male students show more psychological dependency on their parents than do female students.
C)Freshmen show more psychological dependency on their parents than do upperclassmen.
D)Freshmen show poorer social adjustment than do upperclassmen.

Question 48

Suki is a Japanese adolescent living in the United States.Which of the following is probably TRUE of Suki?

A)She will not seek autonomy from her parents as early as her non-Latino White counterparts.
B)She will seek autonomy from her parents at approximately the same time as her non-Latino White peers.
C)She will get her own apartment as soon as she transitions into adulthood.
D)She will not be as closely monitored by her parents as her non-Latino White peers.

Question 49

Myra,age 9 months,crawls away from her mother while visiting a friend's home.Myra periodically looks back to see that her mother is there and then ventures out a little further into the new environment.According to attachment theorists,Myra is displaying

A)anxious attachment.
B)secure attachment.
C)resistant attachment.
D)ambivalent attachment.

Question 50

The transition from high school to college is especially difficult for adolescents who

A)continue to live at home and commute to college.
B)move more than 100 miles away from home to go to college.
C)have parents that are divorced or separated.
D)are only children.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about insecure attachment is NOT true?

A)Infants avoid the caregiver in insecure attachment situations.
B)Infants may show ambivalence towards the caregiver in insecure attachment situations.
C)Insecure attachment has little bearing on later development beyond infancy.
D)Insecure attachment has been theorized to be related to later relationship difficulties.

Question 52

Many studies that assess secure and insecure attachment in adolescence use the

A)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).
B)Jung Typology.
C)Adult Attachment Interview (AAI).
D)Adolescent Attachment Survey (AAS).

Question 53

Intense parent-adolescent conflict is related to all of the following EXCEPT

A)more empathy.
B)depression.
C)membership in cults.
D)anxiety.

Question 54

Caitlin,age 17,wants to move out of her home and move in with her 20-year-old friend,Liza.Caitlin's parents have gradually allowed her to have a car and a part-time job and to make her own decisions about her activities,but they forbid her to move out at this time.No matter how hard Caitlin pushes,her parents remain firm.This example illustrates

A)an authoritarian,controlling parenting style.
B)relinquishing control in areas where the adolescent can make mature decisions.
C)parental fear of the "empty nest."
D)alienation of family members.

Question 55

Eva,age 15,insists that she is going to spend her summer vacation with her best friend at the lake house owned by the friend's family.Eva does not want to go on the vacation that her family has planned and says that they can't make her.Her parents should understand that Eva is

A)asserting her autonomy.
B)challenging her parents' authority.
C)closer to her friends' parents than her own parents.
D)asserting her autonomy or challenging her parents' authority.

Question 56

Two countries where parent-adolescent conflict is lower than in the United States are India and

A)China.
B)Spain.
C)Kenya.
D)Japan.

Question 57

Cody has tried for years to get close to his parents,but now at age 16,he has decided that the effort is not worth it.At this point,he basically shares a living space with them with very little interaction.This is an example of which type of attachment?

A)laissez-faire
B)unresolved/disorganized
C)dismissing/avoidant
D)symbiotic

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT one of the insecure attachment categories on the Adult Attachment Interview?

A)dismissing/avoidant attachment
B)secure/autonomous attachment
C)preoccupied/ambivalent attachment
D)unresolved/disorganized attachment

Question 59

Joseph Allen and his colleagues found that secure attachment of adolescents to their parents can

A)link to fewer depressive symptoms.
B)increase the probability of financial independence.
C)help develop the adolescent's capacity for emotion regulation.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 60

The ability to relinquish childlike dependencies on parents is called

A)familial independence.
B)financial autonomy.
C)emotional autonomy.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 61

Which of the following statements about insecure attachment and relationships is NOT true?

A)Attachment categories are somewhat stable in adulthood.
B)Adults have a very limited capacity to change their attachment thinking and behavior.
C)Attachment styles make a moderate contribution to relationship functioning.
D)Other factors besides attachment behavior contribute to the satisfaction in relationships.

Question 62

Gina,age 22,is securely attached to her parents.Recent research on attachment and the emerging adult would suggest that Gina should have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A)more satisfied relationships.
B)longer lasting relationships.
C)poor coping skills under stress.
D)emotional control.

Question 63

Which of the following is good advice for parents and emerging adult children who are considering living together?

A)Agree on conditions ahead of time.
B)Treat each other as adults.
C)Address any concerns that arise before hard feelings develop.
D)All of these are good advice.

Question 64

The attachment type that is most associated with traumatic experiences is

A)dismissing/avoiding.
B)unresolved/disorganized.
C)preoccupied/ambivalent.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 65

Which of the following statements about sibling relationships is NOT true?

A)When siblings talk,the main focus is on their relationship with their parents.
B)Siblings spend an average of 10 hours a week together.
C)Mexican-American adolescents spend as much as 17 hours of week with their siblings.
D)Siblings most often talk about the media,school,and extracurricular activities.

Question 66

Research has shown that parents favoring one sibling over another is linked to

A)anger and rebellion in the less-favored sibling.
B)eating disorders in the less-favored sibling.
C)sadness and lower self-esteem in the less-favored sibling.
D)anxiety in the more-favored sibling.

Question 67

Marcia and John's 25-year-old daughter,Serena,moves back in with them after graduate school.She cannot find a job in her field and works part-time as a waitress while searching for jobs.If Marcia and John are like many parents whose emerging adult children move back home with them,they will

A)experience a disequilibrium in the family.
B)have few or no complaints about Serena moving back home.
C)try to avoid interaction with Serena and just continue their life as before.
D)overcompensate for Serena's lack of financial independence by pampering her.

Question 68

Research has shown that adolescents who have a dismissing/avoidant attachment to their parents may display

A)disorientation.
B)anger.
C)confusion.
D)aggression.

Question 69

Which of the following statements about the nature of grandparenting is TRUE?

A)Women may have fewer expectations about the grandmother role and see it as more voluntary.
B)About 70 percent of the grandparents who move in with their children are grandfathers.
C)Almost half of grandchildren who move in with grandparents are raised by a single grandfather.
D)Grandmothers have more contact with grandchildren than grandfathers do.

Question 70

Which of the following benefits have researchers found to be associated with secure attachment in emerging adulthood?

A)emotional control
B)positive romantic relationships
C)less sleep problems
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 71

Which of the following characteristics is involved in sibling relationships?

A)conflict
B)teaching
C)rivalry
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 72

Recent research has found that insecure attachment of one or both partners places couples at risk for

A)alcohol abuse.
B)relationship problems.
C)depression.
D)risk-taking behaviors.

Question 73

In a recent study,helicopter parenting was related to ________ negative emotional functioning,________ competent decision making,and ________ grades in college adults.

A)more; less; lower
B)more; more; higher
C)less; less; higher
D)less; more; lower

Question 74

Yasmine's parents are inconsistently available to her.When she tries to get close to them and they don't have time for her,she becomes angry.Yasmine has a(n)________ attachment to her parents.

A)mixed
B)hostile
C)unresolved/disoriented
D)preoccupied/ambivalent

Question 75

The old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggests that ________,while the new model suggests that ________.

A)parent-adolescent conflict is moderate; parent-adolescent conflict is intense
B)as adolescents mature,they move towards their parents for continued support; as they mature,adolescents detach themselves from parents
C)conflict between parents and adolescents is intense; conflict between parents and adolescents is moderate
D)parents serve as support systems that allow adolescents to explore a more complex social world; parents are invested in keeping adolescents as close to home as possible

Question 76

Greg,age 23,moves back home with his parents in order to save money to buy a house.If Greg and his parents are like many families that experience this "boomerang" phenomenon,Greg will complain that his parents

A)restrict his independence.
B)do too much for him.
C)are angry at him for moving back home.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 77

The majority of adults describe their attachment styles as

A)ambivalently attached.
B)insecurely attached.
C)securely attached.
D)avoidantly attached.

Question 78

Lily calls her son Mark,age 22,at least three times each day.She says she's just "checking in" to see that he ate lunch and that he's studying for his exams in graduate school.Lily is engaged in

A)symbiotic neurosis.
B)enmeshed parenting.
C)helicopter parenting.
D)protective,but not excessive,parenting.

Question 79

Judy Dunn has described three important characteristics of sibling relationships: familiarity and intimacy of the relationship,variation in sibling relationships,and

A)parent favoritism between and among siblings.
B)emotional quality of the relationship.
C)trust level of the relationship.
D)conflict level of the relationship.

Question 80

Which of the following statements about intergenerational relationships is TRUE?

A)There is no evidence to show that early supportive relationships with parents are linked to the quality of the parent-young adult relationship.
B)Individuals who spent quality time with their parents as children provided as much support to older parents as did children who spent little time with their parents.
C)Females have an especially important role in connecting family relationships across generations.
D)Sons who experienced long-term lack of trust during adolescence were more alienated from their parents than daughters who had the same experience.