Deck 11: Qualitative Data Analysis

Question 1

Anthropologists call the intention of representing a setting under study in the participants' own terms ______.

A)reflexive focus
B)emic focus
C)indigenous focus
D)holistic focus

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Progressive focusing involves ______.

A)refining the study focus by interacting with data during the study period
B)using inductive methods to generate general propositions
C)reputational methods to determine informal leadership in a natural setting
D)coding and then recoding qualitative data in electronic (computerized)format)

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The "centerpiece" of the qualitative analysis process is ______.

A)reflexivity
B)holism
C)examining relationships
D)documentation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

To interpret text literally,what must a researcher focus on?

A)how his or her orientation shapes research
B)how meaning is constructed in text
C)the subtext,or implied meaning
D)actual content and form

Question 5

If a researcher believes that the text can never be judged to be true or false,the researcher has what type of perspective?

A)emic
B)etic
C)analytic
D)hermeneutic

Question 6

This method seeks unexpected and puzzling observations but recognizes that we need to interpret them in relation to theories that we already know.

A)conversation analysis
B)grounded theory
C)abductive analysis
D)ethnomethodology

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a common form of text used in qualitative analysis?

A)transcripts
B)field notes
C)pictures
D)conversation

Question 8

The goal of qualitative comparative analysis is to do which of the following?

A)identify different pathways that lead to an outcome of interest
B)use ethnographic data from two or more sources
C)identify common themes among actors in a single setting
D)authenticate conclusions derived from one setting in another setting

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a technique for qualitative data analysis?

A)documentation
B)coding
C)legitimization
D)progressive focusing

Question 10

What identifies the combination of factors that had to be present across multiple cases to produce a particular outcome?

A)ethnomethodology
B)qualitative comparative analysis
C)grounded theory
D)case-oriented understanding

Question 11

______ reflects an awareness of participants' actions and their words; it is the contextual understanding that is often represented nonverbally.

A)progressive focusing
B)legitimization
C)tacit knowledge
D)emic

Question 12

There are three ways to read any text for analysis.

A)etically,emically,and reflexively
B)literally,reflexively,and interpretively
C)interpretively,objectively,and subjectively
D)intersubjectively,objectively,and subjectively

Question 13

A method of analysis that delves into the sequential organization and details of dialogue ______.

A)ethnography
B)qualitative comparative analysis
C)conversation analysis
D)narrative analysis

Question 14

Examining relationships between concepts is important in qualitative analysis because it allows the researcher to ______.

A)generalize findings
B)validate findings
C)authenticate findings
D)move from description to explanation

Question 15

Whyte (1991)coined the methodological approach termed participatory action research,urging social researchers to be more engaged with ______.

A)research participants
B)other researchers within their field
C)other researchers outside their field
D)the general public

Question 16

Grounded theory requires analysts to ______.

A)induce theory from observations
B)test hypotheses
C)generate hypotheses from theories
D)chart conceptual connections

Question 17

Tacit knowledge is best defined as ______.

A)initial responses to observations,made when analyzing field notes
B)information that key informants deliberately withhold from intensive interviews
C)largely unarticulated,contextual understandings of social processes
D)hypotheses taken from field research that can be tested in future research

Question 18

Although the volume of data collected in qualitative analysis can overwhelm an inexperienced researcher,Schutt recommends which of the following to keep control of your data?

A)Discard unused data after the conceptualization stage
B)Maintain a disciplined transcription schedule
C)Hire professional transcribers
D)Review field notes and transcriptions only after the observation period has finished

Question 19

If you are concerned with how people construct reality more than describing that reality,which form of qualitative analysis would be most appropriate?

A)ethnomethodology
B)case-oriented analysis
C)ethnography
D)narrative analysis

Question 20

In qualitative analysis,the first analytic step is ______.

A)documentation
B)conceptualization
C)coding
D)categorizing

Question 21

The focus of ethnomethodologists is ______.

A)how people form identities
B)how people create reality
C)how people engage in interaction
D)how researchers affect their own research

Question 22

What strategy increases the reliability of observational data by using explicit rules that standardize coding practices across observers?

A)participatory action research
B)systematic observation
C)photo voice
D)computer-assisted qualitative data analysis

Question 23

A type of ethnomethodological research that concentrates on talk is ______.

A)qualitative comparative analysis
B)narrative analysis
C)ethnography
D)conversation analysis

Question 24

An emic focus represents a setting in the participants' terms.

Question 25

The focus of narrative analysis is ______.

A)the story itself
B)conversation
C)multiple perspectives
D)interpretation of meaning

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT useful for assessing the quality of qualitative analysis?

A)Does the analysis illuminate the phenomenon as a lived experience?
B)Is the analysis thickly contextualized?
C)Does the study produce generalizable findings?
D)Is the study historically and relationally grounded?

Question 27

One researcher examined how people greeted one another on the street by paying careful attention to their verbal exchanges.This type of research is probably ______.

A)oral history
B)narrative analysis
C)ethnography
D)conversation analysis

Question 28

If a researcher wants to use an interpretive research philosophy that is not geared to identifying causes but provides a different way to explain social phenomena,then the research wishes to engage in?

A)netnography
B)ethnography
C)ethnomethodology
D)case-oriented understanding

Question 29

A researcher has concerns about having a duty to help his or her findings to be used appropriately.This ethical concern focuses on ______.

A)research integrity and quality
B)ownership of data and conclusions
C)intervention and advocacy
D)use and misuse of results

Question 30

A case-oriented understanding attempts to understand something from which perspective?

A)researcher's
B)hermeneutic
C)participants'
D)emic

Question 31

What is developed inductively and is based on observations that are summarized into conceptual categories?

A)ethnographies
B)netnographies
C)ethnomethodlogies
D)grounded theory

Question 32

Which of the following is FALSE regarding computer-assisted qualitative data analysis?

A)Most programs can identify how context changes word use.
B)Most programs can generate the frequencies of specified codes.
C)Most programs can assign codes based on key words.
D)Most programs can allow you to revise codes.

Question 33

Qualitative researchers may have a hermeneutic perspective on text.

Question 34

One important goal of qualitative analysis is to inductively build up a systematic theory that is based on observations.This type of theory is known as ______.

A)pseudo-inductive theory
B)grounded theory
C)empirical theory
D)iterative theory

Question 35

Sociologists developing methods to learn how others "see" the social world and to create images for further study are concerned with ______.

A)media sociology
B)narrative analysis
C)visual sociology
D)photography

Question 36

Topics for concern regarding ethics in qualitative data analysis include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A)privacy
B)confidentiality
C)compensation
D)anonymity

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a popular program used by sociologists in order to analyze texts such as notes,documents,and interview transcripts?

A)HyperRESEARCH
B)QSR NVivo
C)ATLAS.ti
D)TEXT transfer

Question 38

A typical research question in qualitative data analysis is explanatory.

Question 39

Qualitative data analysis focuses on text instead of numbers.

Question 40

Qualitative data analysts should never read text literally.

Question 41

Systematic observational strategies use explicit rules that standardize observations across observers.

Question 42

To read text interpretively,a researcher must focus on how his or her own orientation shapes the research.

Question 43

Describe the ethics involved in qualitative data analysis.Do these differ from ethics in other forms of data analysis? Explain.

Question 44

Contrast conversation analysis with narrative analysis.

Question 45

The credibility of the informants cannot be assessed in qualitative research.

Question 46

Confidence in the conclusions from a field research study is also strengthened by an honest and informative account about how the researcher interacted with subjects in the field.

Question 47

Qualitative research demands a disciplined transcription schedule,so the researcher does not become overwhelmed.

Question 48

Concepts and analytic insights are usually derived from field notes and interviews after the observation period has ended.

Question 49

What is participatory action research? How might this type of research benefit projects in fields such as public health,social work,and sociology?

Question 50

Describe grounded theory.How does it compare to deductive research?

Question 51

What are the advantages of using computer programs to assist in qualitative analysis? Generally outline how these programs operate and explain how they are designed to facilitate analysis and reporting of qualitative data.

Question 52

What is conversation analysis? How does it use conversation? How is it similar to ethnomethodology?

Question 53

The analysis of qualitative research notes begins in the field.

Question 54

Explain how qualitative data analysis differs from quantitative data analysis.

Question 55

Spontaneous statements made by informants in a qualitative study are more authentic than those made in response to a researcher's questions.

Question 56

Qualitative data analysis on meaning and in-depth study makes it a valuable supplement to analysis of quantitative data.

Question 57

Qualitative analysts focus on the variables instead of the case.

Question 58

How is visual sociology different from other forms of qualitative analysis? Propose a research project that would use visual sociology to understand the social world.

Question 59

How does a qualitative researcher examine how his or her role in the research may alter findings and interpretations? Also explain how a qualitative researcher reports on his or her role.

Question 60

What is photo voice? How is it used in qualitative data analysis?