Deck 23: Fungi

Question 1

The ____ phase is the longest in basidiomycete life cycle compared to other fungi.  

A) Dikaryotic
B) Zygote
C) Gamete
D) Spore
E) Haploid

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the sexual reproduction of sac fungal yeasts,four haploid nuclei give rise to how many spores within the ascus?  

A) Two
B) Four
C) Eight
D) Ten
E) Sixteen

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Yeasts are members of which of the following?  

A) Ascomycetes
B) Basidiomycetes
C) Glomeromycetes
D) Chytrids
E) Zygomycetes

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The only group of fungi to have a flagellated stage is the ____.  

A) chytrids
B) ascomycetes
C) basidiomycetes
D) glomeromycetes
E) zygomycetes

Question 5

A saclike cell in which spores form by meiosis is known as  

A) ascus.
B) mycelium.
C) hypha.
D) basidiocarp.
E) mycorrhiza.

Question 6

Figure 23.7


-The accompanying figure illustrates a portion of the life cycle of a(n)____.  

A) zygomycete
B) ascomycete
C) basidiomycete
D) glomeromycete
E) lichen

Question 7

Most true fungi send out cellular filaments called ____.  

A) mycelia
B) hyphae
C) mycorrhizae
D) stolons
E) rhizoids

Question 8

Figure 23.7


-The structure labeled "4" in the figure is a(n)____.  

A) asexual spore
B) haploid spore
C) mature zygospore
D) immature zygospore
E) spore sac

Question 9

The life cycle of a zygomycete differs markedly from that of animals because in this fungus,____.  

A) a sexual stage is absent
B) mitosis occurs in the haploid growth stage
C) there is no fusion of nuclei
D) mitosis occurs to produce the haploid reproductive cells
E) a diploid stage is absent

Question 10

Penicillium,a mold that produces an antibiotic,is a type of____  

A) club fungus
B) sac fungus
C) zygote fungus
D) flagellated fungus
E) microsporidium

Question 11

The ____ are a group of fungi with hyphae that grow inside the wall of plant root cells.  

A) ascomycetes
B) zygomycetes
C) microsporidia
D) basidiomycetes
E) glomeromycetes

Question 12

The fungus Puccinia graminis causes the disease ____.  

A) powdery mildew
B) wilt
C) wheat blight
D) wheat stem rust
E) flame spot

Question 13

All fungi ____.  

A) are autotrophs
B) digest food extracellularly
C) are parasites
D) digest food intracellularly
E) can ingest food particles

Question 14

The ____ are a group of parasitic fungi that are killing amphibians around the world.  

A) chytrids
B) ascomycetes
C) basidiomycetes
D) glomeromycetes
E) zygomycetes

Question 15

Figure 23.8

In the photograph of the zygote fungus Pilobolus,what are the dark "hats" atop of the structures?  

A) Hypha
B) Gametangium
C) Zygote
D) Sporangium
E) Nucleus

Question 16

Commercially grown mushrooms are members of which of the following?  

A) Ascomycetes
B) Basidiomycetes
C) Glomeromycetes
D) Chytrids
E) Zygomycetes

Question 17

____________________ do not have walls between their cells and as a result,many haploid nuclei from each hypha flow into each gametangium.  

A) Puffballs
B) Sac Fungi
C) Basidiomycetes
D) Zygote fungi
E) Mycorrhiza

Question 18

The cell walls of fungi are composed mainly of ____.  

A) cellulose
B) lignin
C) chitin
D) pectin
E) protein

Question 19

Which statement best describes the value of fungi in the environment?  

A) Fungi "fix" nitrogen from the air for use by plants.
B) Fungi trap sunlight energy in the form of carbohydrates.
C) Fungi release nutrients from organic matter.
D) Fungi enrich the soil by decreasing the rate of decay of organic matter.
E) Fungi remove toxic metals from the soil.

Question 20

Figure 23.3

Refer to the accompanying figure.What fungal structure is comprised of a mass of threadlike strands of cells,attached one to the other?  

A) mycelium
B) protistans
C) mycorrhizae
D) stolons
E) rhizoids

Question 21

In humans,fungi are most likely to infect ____.  

A) skin
B) blood
C) bone
D) muscle
E) connective tissue

Question 22

Lichens are formed by symbiotic relationshipsthat may involve any of the following except  

A) green algae.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) protists.
D) sac fungi.
E) ascomycetes.

Question 23

Four of the following statements about mycorrhizae are true.Which one is the exception?  

A) They benefit plant growth.
B) They are an example of mutualism.
C) They provide nutrients to their plant partner through photosynthesis.
D) They increase the root surface area for absorption.
E) They receive sugars from their plant partners.

Question 24

The fungus Armillaria causes ____ in plants.  

A) leaf blight
B) root rot
C) wilt
D) leaf rolling
E) yellowing

Question 25

Figure 23.12

The structures labeled "5" in the figure are ____.  

A) zygospores
B) haploid spores
C) ascospores
D) gametes
E) zygotes

Question 26

In club fungi,each club-shaped cell initially ____.  

A) is a spore
B) is a zygote
C) contains a single nucleus
D) is dikaryotic
E) undergoes mitosis to produce spores

Question 27

Fusion of the nuclei of a dikaryotic cell in club fungi ____.  

A) results in one diploid spores.
B) results in two haploid spores.
C) results in one diploid zygote.
D) produces the gills under the mushroom cap.
E) results in the mushroom fruiting body.

Question 28

Four of the following are fungal diseases.Which one is the exception?  

A) Candida infections
B) Ringworm
C) Aathlete's foot
D) Vaginal yeast infection
E) Tuberculosis

Question 29

Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a.Zygomycetes
b.Ascomycetes
c.Basidiomycetes
d.Glomeromycetes
The yeast used in the fermentation of grape juice to produce the wines of the world is a member of this group.

Question 30

White Nose Syndrome is a fungal disease that affects ____.  

A) humans
B) amphibians
C) dogs
D) cats
E) bats

Question 31

Four of the following statements correctly describe lichens.Which statement is the exception?  

A) They inhabit harsh environments.
B) They contain a club fungus.
C) They may have preceded the evolution of land plants.
D) They may be a mutualism between an alga and a fungus.
E) They can contain cyanobacteria.

Question 32

Four of the following statements are ways in which pathogenic fungi can kill plant tissue.Which one is the exception?  

A) Decreasing water absorption
B) Depriving plants of sugars it needs
C) Breaking down rocks by releasing acids
D) Reducing nutrients for seed production
E) Secreting toxins

Question 33

The structure that people typically refer to as a "mushroom" is technically called the ____.  

A) basidiocarp
B) mycelium
C) ascocarp
D) hyphal mass
E) zygospore

Question 34

Figure 23.12

The structure labeled "2" in the figure is a(n)____.  

A) mycelium
B) zygote
C) ascus
D) gill from the underside of a mushroom
E) spore sac

Question 35

Mycorrhizae are ____.  

A) the small roots in the root systems of trees
B) endosymbiotic bacteria associated with plant roots
C) fungus and root mutualistic associations
D) parasitic fungal infections of tree roots
E) endosymbiotic fungal cells associated with leaves

Question 36

Figure 23.12

The accompanying figure illustrates the life cycle of a(n)____.  

A) zygomycete
B) ascomycete
C) basidiomycete
D) glomeromycete
E) lichen

Question 37

Which factor is the most important algal contribution to the fungal component of a lichen?  

A) Improved water conservation
B) Mechanical protection
C) Photosynthetically derived food
D) Conversion of nitrogen gas to nitrates
E) Pigment for camouflage

Question 38

Four of the following are associated with mushrooms.Which one is the exception?  

A) Gills
B) dikaryotic hyphae
C) nuclear fusion
D) meiosis
E) flagellated spores

Question 39

Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a.Zygomycetes
b.Ascomycetes
c.Basidiomycetes
d.Glomeromycetes
Members of this group form mycorrhizae with plant roots.

Question 40

Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a.Zygomycetes
b.Ascomycetes
c.Basidiomycetes
d.Glomeromycetes
Puffballs and stinkhorns are members of this group.

Question 41

Most vascular plants form mycorrhizae with which type of fungus?  

A) Club fungi
B) Glomeromycetes
C) Sac fungi
D) Yeast
E) Microsporidia

Question 42

In multicellular species,fungal spores germinate and give rise to filaments called __________.

Question 43

__________ fungi include common molds.

Question 44

Sac fungal yeasts most commonly reproduce asexually by_______________.

Question 45

__________ are an ancient fungal group and the only fungi with flagellated spores and gametes.

Question 46

Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a.Zygomycetes
b.Ascomycetes
c.Basidiomycetes
d.Glomeromycetes
The delicious,highly-prized truffle is a member of this group.

Question 47

All fungi are __________ that secrete digestive enzymes on organic matter and absorb released nutrients.

Question 48

Lichens are generally described as which type of symbiotic relationship?  

A) Mutualism
B) Commensalism
C) Parasitism
D) Competition
E) Amensalism

Question 49

Which stage is the only diploid stage in the zygote fungus life cycle?  

A) Gametangia
B) Mycelium
C) Immature zygospore
D) Spores
E) Zygote

Question 50

Mitotically produced spores of sac fungi are called __________________.  

A) zygospores
B) basidiospores
C) conidia
D) basidiocarp
E) mycorrhiza

Question 51

Hyphae typically grow as an extensive mesh called a(n)__________.

Question 52

Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a.Zygomycetes
b.Ascomycetes
c.Basidiomycetes
d.Glomeromycetes
The common black bread mold is a member of this group.