Deck 28: Plant Nutrition and Transport

Question 1

Figure 28.2


- Refers to the accompanying figure illustrating soil horizons.Which soil horizon is composed of organic litter?  

A) O Horizon
B) A Horizon
C) B Horizon
D) C Horizon
E) Bedrock

Answer 1

O Horizon

Question 2

Filaments of a fungus that form a velvety cloak around roots or penetrate their cells aiding in the mutualistic relationship between the plant and fungus are called ____.  

A) hyphae
B) mycorrhizae
C) root nodules
D) root hairs
E) Rhizobium

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In leaves,excess sugar molecules may enter companion cells of phloem through ________.  

A) vessel elements
B) active transport proteins
C) sieve tubes
D) perforation plates
E) pits

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Decomposing organic material that releases nutrients that are used by plants is called ____.  

A) humus
B) loam
C) silt
D) bedrock
E) a macronutrient

Question 5

Most of the water moving through a plant is lost through ____.  

A) osmotic gradients in the soil
B) transpiration
C) translocation
D) photolysis
E) photosynthesis

Question 6

What drives the movement of soil water through a root's epidermis and cortex,to the vascular cylinder?  

A) Translocation
B) Pressure flow
C) Casparian strip
D) Osmosis
E) Active transport

Question 7

Poor farming practices,such as plowing land straight up and down a hill,led to the formation of the Providence Canyon in Georgia in a process called _____.  

A) root stripping
B) soil redistribution
C) soil erosion
D) leaching
E) vesselization

Question 8

The elements required in amounts above 0.5 percent of a plant's dry weight are known as:  

A) Micronutrients
B) Macronutrients
C) Nutrients
D) Chlorines
E) Iron

Question 9

The process by which water flow removes nutrients from soil and carries them away is known as:  

A) Root stripping
B) Soil redistribution
C) Soil erosion
D) Leaching
E) Vesselization

Question 10

The Casparian strip prevents water from diffusing through the ____.  

A) epidermis
B) vascular tissue
C) cortex
D) cytoplasm of endodermal cells
E) endodermal cell walls

Question 11

Which element is considered a micronutrient needed by plants?  

A) Carbon
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Magnesium
E) Zinc

Question 12

Figure 28.2


- Refers to the accompanying figure illustrating soil horizons.Which soil horizon has no organic matter or weathered rock?  

A) O Horizon
B) A Horizon
C) B Horizon
D) C Horizon
E) Bedrock

Question 13

Which element is considered a macronutrient needed by plants?  

A) Manganese
B) Iron
C) Copper
D) Potassium
E) Boron

Question 14

What type of water-conducting cells has perforation plates on their ends?  

A) Tracheids
B) Vessel elements
C) Sieve elements
D) Companion cells
E) Sieve tubes

Question 15

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert ____ to ____,which is a form of nitrogen that plants can use.  

A) nitrogen gas; ammonia
B) ammonia; nitrogen gas
C) nitrogen gas; nitrates
D) nitrogen gas; nitrites
E) ammonia; nitrates

Question 16

Root structures that grow around and encapsulate mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are called ____.  

A) hyphae
B) mycorrhizae
C) Casparian strip
D) root hairs
E) root nodules

Question 17

Angiosperms have two types of xylem tubes,each composed of one cell type,either ____ or ____.  

A) vessel elements; companion cells
B) sieve elements; companion cells
C) sieve elements; tracheids
D) vessel elements; sieve elements
E) vessel elements; tracheids

Question 18

In cohesion-tension theory,what molecular interactions allow water molecules to maintain a continuous fluid column as water is pulled from roots to leaves?  

A) Ionic bonds
B) Covalent bonds
C) Hydrogen bonds
D) Polar bonds
E) Nonpolar bonds

Question 19

Which type of soil has the best oxygen and water penetration to support plant growth?  

A) Sand
B) Silt
C) Loam
D) Clay
E) Humus

Question 20

In the endodermis,what structure allows the ions in water to enter or exit a cell?  

A) Transport proteins in a cell's cytoplasm
B) Transport proteins in a cell's plasma membrane
C) Sugars produced in source regions
D) Organic compounds stored in plant tissues
E) Companion cells

Question 21

A region of plant tissue where sugars are being produced or released from storage is called ____.

A) cortex
B) plasmodesmata
C) stoma
D) a source
E) a sink

Question 22

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
transport proteins

Question 23

Conducting tubes of phloem consist of stacks of ____.  

A) dead sieve elements
B) living sieve elements
C) dead vessel elements
D) living vessel elements
E) dead companion cells

Question 24

The generally accepted explanation for the movement of organic compounds in phloem is ____.  

A) the cohesion-tension theory
B) the pressure flow theory
C) active transport
D) the transpiration-pull theory
E) root pressure

Question 25

Figure 28.12


- Refers to the accompanying figure illustrating transport in phloem.Letter ____ can indicate a fruit or developing root cells.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 26

The cuticle helps a plant conserve water by ____.  

A) covering the stomata
B) reducing a plant's capacity for photosynthesis
C) absorbing visible light
D) restricting the amount of water a plant's root absorbs
E) restricting the amount of water vapor that diffuses out of aboveground parts

Question 27

Figure 28.12


- Refers to the accompanying figure illustrating transport in phloem.Bulk flow of organic compounds is indicated by letter ____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 28

Movement of soluble organic material through sieve tube members occurs through ____.  

A) translocation
B) active transport
C) cohesion-tension
D) transpiration
E) facilitated transport

Question 29

Figure 28.12


- Refers to the accompanying figure illustrating transport in phloem.Companion cell-assisted loading of organic compounds is indicated by letter ____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 30

The pitted end walls of sieve elements are called ____.  

A) plasmodesmata
B) sieve tubes
C) companion cells
D) perforation plates
E) sieve plates

Question 31

An opening in leaves that functions in the exchange of gases is called a ____.  

A) cuticle
B) stoma
C) guard cell
D) pit
E) pore

Question 32

What is the function of companion cells?  

A) These cells provide metabolic support to vessel elements.
B) These cells provide metabolic support to sieve elements.
C) These cells provide metabolic support to tracheids.
D) These cells prevent water from entering the endodermis.
E) These cells control the opening and closing of stomata.

Question 33

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
vessel elements

Question 34

A difference in charge across a guard cell membrane is called ____.  

A) osmosis
B) tension
C) turgor
D) pressure gradient
E) voltage

Question 35

The movement of organic compounds throughout plants is described as ____.  

A) cohesion-tension
B) source-to-sink
C) facilitated transport
D) active transport
E) transpiration pull

Question 36

During the day,an open stomata loses about ____ molecule(s)of water for every molecule of carbon dioxide it takes in.  

A) 1
B) 10
C) 25
D) 100
E) 400

Question 37

Sieve tubes are different from vessel elements because they ____.  

A) do not have nuclei
B) are not connected to each other
C) are alive at maturity
D) conduct minerals
E) transport water

Question 38

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
companion cells

Question 39

The stomata open depending on the following conditions,except ____.  

A) when the guard cells are swollen with water
B) decreased turgor in guard cells
C) low carbon dioxide level in the leaf
D) voltage change in guard cell membranes stimulated by sunlight
E) hot, dry environment

Question 40

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
sieve tubes

Question 41

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.chlorine
d.zinc
e.Copper
This nutrient is a component of many proteins,and serves as cofactor for many enzymes.

Question 42

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
cuticle

Question 43

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant macronutrients listed below.
a.nitrogen
b.potassium
c.carbon
d.magnesium
e.Phosphorus
This nutrient is a component of ATP.

Question 44

__________ are soils that have roughly equal proportions of sand,silt,and clay.

Question 45

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
tracheids and vessel elements

Question 46

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant macronutrients listed below.
a.nitrogen
b.potassium
c.carbon
d.magnesium
e.Phosphorus
This nutrient is an important component of proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 47

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant macronutrients listed below.
a.nitrogen
b.potassium
c.carbon
d.magnesium
e.Phosphorus
This nutrient helps to maintain turgor pressure in stomata.

Question 48

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.chlorine
d.zinc
e.Copper
This nutrient is a cofactor in photosystem II and also functions in signaling.

Question 49

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.chlorine
d.zinc
e.Copper
This nutrient plays an important role in cell wall formation.

Question 50

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant macronutrients listed below.
a.nitrogen
b.potassium
c.carbon
d.magnesium
e.Phosphorus
This macronutrient is a main component of all biological molecules.

Question 51

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
nodules

Question 52

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
sink

Question 53

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria respond to compounds released by legumes by releasing signaling molecules that trigger the roots to grow around and encapsulate them inside swellings called ____________.

Question 54

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant macronutrients listed below.
a.nitrogen
b.potassium
c.carbon
d.magnesium
e.Phosphorus
This nutrient is essential to formation of chlorophyll and acts as a cofactor for many enzymes.

Question 55

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.chlorine
d.zinc
e.Copper
This nutrient is involved as cofactor in electron transfer chains.

Question 56

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.chlorine
d.zinc
e.Copper
This nutrient is a component of chlorophyll and many enzymes.

Question 57

Unlike vessel elements,____________ have no perforation plates.

Question 58

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
guard cells

Question 59

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
translocation

Question 60

Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.region of a plant where sugars are being used
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.transparent epidermal secretion that waterproofs leaves
h.facilitate transfer of sugars to the sieve element
i.control the uptake of mineral ions into the vascular cylinder
j.transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.the main water-conducting tube in angiosperms
mycorrhiza

Question 61

By the __________ theory,transpiration pulls water upward by creating a continuous negative pressure (or tension)inside xylem.

Question 62

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria receive _______ from the plant in a mutually beneficial relationship.

Question 63

Each sieve element is associated with a living _____________.  

A) root nodule
B) sieve tubes
C) guard cell
D) sieve elements
E) companion cell

Question 64

A layer of endodermal cells around the vascular cylinder deposits a waterproof band called a(n)__________ in their abutting walls.

Question 65

By the ______________ theory,water is pulled upward through a plant by air's drying power,which creates continuous negative pressure.  

A) transpiration
B) cohesion-tension
C) pressure flow
D) adaptive
E) water-conservation

Question 66

Which group of plants has two types of xylem tubes,each composed of one cell type,vessel elements?  

A) Gymnosperms
B) Monocots
C) Bulbs
D) Early vascular plants
E) Angiosperms

Question 67

The movement of wind and water can remove soil from an area,a process called ____________.

Question 68

Conducting tubes of phloem,composed of stacked living cells,are called ________________.  

A) vessel elements
B) sieve tubes
C) tracheids
D) sieve elements
E) xylem tubes

Question 69

The movement of sugars and other organic molecules through phloem is called __________.