Deck 30: Communication Strategies in Plants

Question 1

A plant hormone may have different effects on target cells due to any of the following except ____________.  

A) differences in location relative to the ground
B) the integration of several hormonal signals in the tissue
C) the action of a cell's hormone receptors upon binding to the hormone
D) different gene expression patterns triggered by the hormone
E) the concentration of the hormone in the tissue

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Synthetic auxin can be used as a(n)____.  

A) pesticide
B) herbicide
C) fungicide
D) insecticide
E) bactericide

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Temperature extremes,lack of water,and other environmental stresses trigger an increase in ____ synthesis,release,and transport,which helps the plant survive the adverse conditions.  

A) cytokinin
B) gibberellin
C) auxin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which plant compound is involved in systemic acquired resistance and shows potential as a drug for preventing heart disease in humans?  

A) Curcumin
B) Strigolactone
C) Resveratrol
D) Caffeine
E) Epicatechin

Question 5

If a shoot's tip breaks off,____ levels rise and stimulates cell divisions in the lateral buds.  

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Question 6

Perhaps a plant's greatest liability is its inability to ____.  

A) produce growth hormones
B) use aerobic respiration
C) move when conditions around it deteriorate
D) produce its own lipids and proteins
E) respond to dwindling supplies of nutrients and water

Question 7

Which of the following is mismatched?  

A) Cytokinin-inhibits lateral root formation
B) Auxin-promotes cell enlargement
C) Gibberellin-involved in phototropism and gravitropism
D) Abscisic acid-promotes stomatal closure
E) Ethylene-promotes seasonal leaf abscission

Question 8

IAA is the most frequently occurring ___________ in plants and plays a critical role in all aspects of plant development.  

A) cytokinin
B) hormone
C) auxin
D) gibberellin
E) ethylene

Question 9

A hormonal signal is detected by ____.  

A) chloroplasts
B) transport proteins
C) receptor proteins
D) statoliths
E) plasma membranes

Question 10

A ____ is an extracellular signaling molecule that exerts its effect at very low concentrations.  

A) statolith
B) protein receptor
C) plant hormone
D) cytochrome
E) phytochrome

Question 11

2,4-D,a potent eudicot weed killer,is most likely a synthetic ____.  

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) phytochrome
E) brassinosteroid

Question 12

When a hormone inhibits its own expression,it is called a ____.  

A) hormone stimulant
B) hormone coordinator
C) hormone suppressant
D) negative feedback loop
E) positive feedback loop

Question 13

Plants make ____,which are similar to female sex hormones in mammals but have nothing to do with sexual reproduction in plants.  

A) oxytocin
B) phytoestrogens
C) auxins
D) cytokinins
E) gibberellins

Question 14

Root formation in stem cuttings can be improved by the application of ____.  

A) synthetic auxins
B) abscisic acid
C) salicylic acid
D) ethylene
E) gibberellin

Question 15

The gaseous plant hormone is ____.  

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Question 16

Gibberellin stimulates ____.  

A) fruit ripening
B) leaf abscission
C) lateral root formation
D) stem lengthening between the nodes
E) stem lengthening at the tip

Question 17

Which one of the following effects is NOT the effect of auxin?  

A) Promotes growth by cell enlargement
B) Promotes apical dominance
C) Stimulates formation of roots on a shoot
D) Stimulates division of shoot apical meristem cells
E) Stimulates development of lateral buds

Question 18

In most cases,the term auxin refers to ____.  

A) abscisic acid
B) indole-3-acetic acid
C) jasmonic acid
D) nitric oxide
E) salicylic acid

Question 19

The plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening is ____.  

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Question 20

Auxin is made mainly in ____ and in young leaves,and transported elsewhere.  

A) chloroplasts
B) lateral buds
C) lateral meristems
D) root apical meristems
E) shoot apical meristems

Question 21

Gravity-sensing mechanisms of many organisms are based on ____.  

A) spicules
B) statoliths
C) uric acid crystals
D) sclereids
E) nematocysts

Question 22

Even though the autumn may be unusually warm,the leaves from deciduous trees begin to drop during September.Which of the following is the best explanation?  

A) The trees are responding to shorter days.
B) The autumn months are usually wetter because the summer rains were delayed.
C) The effects of phototropism are operating "right on schedule."
D) There is not enough sunlight to carry on photosynthesis any longer.
E) The trees are responding to consistent temperatures.

Question 23

Figure 30.11

The plant movement in the accompanying figure is caused by ____.  

A) auxin differences in two sides of the stems
B) gibberellin released in one side of the leaf
C) abscisic acid in two sides of the stems
D) salicylic acid in two sides of the roots
E) cytokinin differences in two sides of the stem

Question 24

The pigment most involved with photoperiodism is ____.  

A) chlorophyll
B) xanthophyll
C) anthocyanin
D) phytochrome
E) phycoerythrin

Question 25

Irises and other ____ plants flower only when the hours of darkness fall below a critical value,typically in summer.  

A) short-day
B) long-day
C) annual
D) biennial
E) perennial

Question 26

Downward bending of a seedling root can be blocked by ____.  

A) moving it to a dark room
B) exposing the seedling to continuous light
C) turning the seedling upside down
D) inhibiting cytokinin transport upwards
E) inhibiting auxin transport downwards

Question 27

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
abscisic acid

Question 28

In trees,such as the horse chestnut,the abscission of leaves and fruits in the fall is mediated by ____.  

A) abscisic acid
B) auxin
C) ethylene
D) cytokinin
E) gibberellin

Question 29

Phytochrome is converted from the inactive to the active form by being exposed to light of what color?  

A) Far red
B) Red
C) Yellow
D) Blue
E) Violet

Question 30

A plant secretes ____ when it needs to respond defensively to a pathogen.  

A) salicylic acid
B) systemin
C) brassinosteroids
D) mineralocorticoids
E) nitric oxide

Question 31

Photoperiodism is the ____.  

A) duration of flowering in a plant
B) amount of light needed by a plant to exhibit normal growth
C) response of a plant to the duration of light and darkness
D) light phase of photosynthesis during which photolysis of water occurs
E) opposite of photorespiration

Question 32

Cycles of biological activity that are repeated every 24 hours are called ____.  

A) systemic acquired rhythms
B) tropisms
C) physiological requirements
D) circadian rhythms
E) photoperiods

Question 33

The flowers of plants pollinated by night-flying bats open,secrete nectar,and release fragrance only at night.The mechanism that controls this is called ____.  

A) thigmotropism
B) heliotropism
C) phototropism
D) photoperiodism
E) circadian rhythm

Question 34

Deciduous trees in North America are dormant during winter months because ____.  

A) they receive no precipitation during winter
B) photosynthesis cannot occur during winter
C) this offers a way to survive the extended drought-like conditions
D) the cold temperatures would otherwise damage leaves and buds
E) they have no leaves during winter months

Question 35

Figure 30.9A


-The effect of directional growth shown in the accompanying figure is known to be caused by ____.
 

A) thigmotropism
B) gravitropism
C) abscisic acid
D) salicylic acid
E) vernalization

Question 36

The mechanism that causes a vine's tendrils to grow around an object,such as a wire fenceline,is called ____.  

A) thigmotropism
B) phototropism
C) gravitropism
D) vernalization
E) photoperiodism

Question 37

The requirement of cold weather before a particular plant process occurs (e.g.,germination)is known as ____.  

A) the biological clock
B) vernalization
C) photoperiodism
D) biennial life cycle
E) perennial life cycle

Question 38

A houseplant placed in a window grows toward the source of light because auxin ____.
 

A) becomes more concentrated on the illuminated side of the plant
B) becomes more concentrated in the roots of the plant
C) becomes more concentrated on the shady side of the plant
D) inhibits the growth of cells on the shady side, so the cells on the sunny side grow larger
E) inhibits the growth of cells on the shady side, so the cells on the sunny side grow faster

Question 39

Figure 30.18C

Which plant hormone listed below is responsible for the symbiotic relationship shown in the accompanying figure?  

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) jasmonic acid
E) abscisic acid

Question 40

A directional adjustment of growth in response to environmental stimuli is called ____.  

A) circadian rhythm
B) vernalization
C) photoperiodism
D) statolith
E) tropism

Question 41

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
statolith

Question 42

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
long-day plant

Question 43

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.
a.auxins
b.gibberellins
c.cytokinins
d.abscisic acid
e.Ethylene
This hormone is a gas that promotes ripening.

Question 44

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
phytochrome

Question 45

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
salicylic acid

Question 46

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
phototropism

Question 47

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.
a.auxins
b.gibberellins
c.cytokinins
d.abscisic acid
e.Ethylene
This hormone causes a stem to lengthen between the nodes by inducing cell division and elongation.

Question 48

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
auxin

Question 49

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
vernalization

Question 50

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
hypersensitive response

Question 51

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.
a.auxins
b.gibberellins
c.cytokinins
d.abscisic acid
e.Ethylene
This hormone promotes bud and seed dormancy.

Question 52

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
short-day plant

Question 53

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
gibberellin

Question 54

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
positive feedback loop

Question 55

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
cytokinin

Question 56

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.
a.auxins
b.gibberellins
c.cytokinins
d.abscisic acid
e.Ethylene
This hormone mediates tropisms.

Question 57

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
amyloplast

Question 58

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.
a.growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by light
b.burst of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that causes infected cells to commit suicide
c.an organism's response to changes in length of day relative to night
d.organelle involved in sensing gravity
e.light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of night
f.flowering after a long season of cold temperatures
g.closes stomata in times of stress
h.initiates fruit ripening in nearby fruits
i.flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical value
j.flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kuna
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical value
m.activates systemic acquired resistance
n.inhibits the growth of lateral roots
o.mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
circadian rhythm

Question 59

Auxin is actively pumped into cells by _____ carriers and out of cells by _________ carriers.

Question 60

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.
a.auxins
b.gibberellins
c.cytokinins
d.abscisic acid
e.Ethylene
This hormone opposes the effects of auxin.

Question 61

Farmers spray seedless grape plants with synthetic __________,which increases the size of the resulting fruit.

Question 62

________________ is a directional response to light.

Question 63

______ and nitric oxide coordinate a plant's response to pathogens by closing stomata,thus preventing further entry.

Question 64

__________ refers to an organism's response to changes in the length of day relative to night.

Question 65

In the root apical meristem,__________ supports division of undifferentiated meristem cells,and cytokinin signals the cells to differentiate.

Question 66

The process by which a plant sheds leaves or other parts is known as _____.  

A) abscission
B) ripening
C) maturation
D) transpiration
E) vaporization

Question 67

Of the following choices,what is the only way for bacteria to enter into plant tissues?  

A) Shoot tip
B) Intact epidermis
C) Lateral bud
D) Ground tissue
E) Open stomata

Question 68

Plants release _______ in response to attack by herbivores to signal and elicit responses from other plants and animals.  

A) volatile secondary metabolites
B) hormones
C) abscisic acid
D) immune modulators
E) poison

Question 69

During primary growth,auxin causes transport proteins to pump hydrogen ions from cytoplasm into the cell wall,which increases ________ and softens the cell wall.

Question 70

A light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythms based on length of night is known as __________.  

A) phytochrome
B) chlorophyll
C) thigmotropism
D) ribosomes
E) statoliths

Question 71

Apical dominance is a result of the ________transport of auxin,which is produced mainly in shoot apical meristems.

Question 72

In some plants,the direction of growth changes in response to contact with an object.This is called __________.