Deck 7: Disease, Illness, and Healing

Question 1

The Cree from northern Quebec translate miyupimaatisiiu as

A)medicalization of an existing health problem.
B)a biological disease.
C)being alive well.
D)part of ethnomedicine.
E)an example of applied medical pluralism.

Answer 1

being alive well.

Question 2

Contemporary anthropologists refer to the study of cross-cultural health systems and related topics such as the anthropology of the body,culture and disability as

A)folk medicine
B)popular medicine
C)primitive medicine
D)ethnomedicine
E)cultural medicine

Answer 2

ethnomedicine

Question 3

In Canada,the two greatest epidemics affecting Aboriginal health were ________ in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,and ________ which continues to be a major problem today.

A)bubonic plague;malaria
B)schistosomiasis;measles
C)smallpox;tuberculosis
D)pneumonia;dengue
E)HIV/AIDS;cancer

Answer 3

smallpox;tuberculosis

Question 4

Windigo psychosis long identified as a ________ culture-specific syndrome among the ________.

A)detrimental;Inuit
B)infectious;Hispanic groups
C)curable;Sicilian immigrants in Ontario
D)classic;Cree and Ojibwa
E)preventable;Hutterites in Manitoba

Question 5

The term ________ encompasses practices of Cree daily living such as hunting,eating the right foods,keeping warm,and balancing human relationships.

A)sukhwan
B)miyupimaatisiiu
C)mal ojo
D)Kyasanur
E)Anfechtung

Question 6

Nerves is a general term to refer to a culturally acceptable way of describing psychosocial distress to family and health professionals.In Canada nerves have been studied among

A)middle-aged women from Newfoundland,and Greek immigrant women in Montreal.
B)Hutterite women of Manitoba.
C)middle-aged Ojibwa women from northeastern Canada.
D)middle aged Cree women in northeastern Quebec.
E)Inuit and other subarctic First Nations groups.

Question 7

What have medical anthropologists observed in recently urbanized populations?

A)urbanization leads to improved health with greater access to health care
B)urbanization leads to substantially reduced health and less access to health care
C)urbanization presents many stressors to human health as well as opportunities for improved health
D)settlement leads to infections that were unknown prior to urbanization
E)urbanization leads to improved nutrition

Question 8

The process whereby the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering is called

A)somatization
B)culture-bound syndrome
C)sustosization
D)shock disease
E)stress illness

Question 9

First Nations groups in Canada today also face the diseases of the twentieth century,such as

A)malaria epidemic.
B)schistosomiasis.
C)diabetes and heart disease.
D)culture-bound syndrome which involves male impotence.
E)dengue fever.

Question 10

In Newfoundland,the "Old Hag" is a local term for

A)an old women.
B)adolescent males.
C)infants.
D)adolescent females.
E)a condition of sleep paralysis and hallucinations.

Question 11

Death

A)is universally defined as the moment a person's heart stops to beat
B)is often defined in terms of brain death in the West
C)is universally defined as the moment a person's brain dies
D)is universally defined in terms of both brain and heart death
E)is often defined in Japan and in North America in terms of brain death

Question 12

________ is identified as a culture-specific syndrome among the ________,characterized by a withdrawl from social contact,a feeling of having sinned,and concerns with religious unworthiness.

A)Pibloktoq;Inuit
B)Anfechtung;Hutterites in Manitoba
C)Mal ojo;Sicilian immigrants in Ontario
D)Windigo;Cree
E)Nerves;Greek immigrant women in Montreal

Question 13

Research on HIV infections among intravenous cocaine users in Montreal and Vancouver demonstrated that ________ alone cannot stem the spread of HIV.

A)drug policy changes
B)condom usage
C)confidential HIV testing
D)needle exchange programs
E)qualitative participant observations

Question 14

The concept of gotai in Japan refers to

A)refers to the ideal of maintaining bodily intactness in life and death
B)refers to the ideal of maintaining bodily intactness prior to death
C)refers to the ideal of maintaining bodily intactness after death
D)refers to the ideal of maintaining spiritual intactness prior to death
E)refers to the ideal of maintaining spiritual intactness after death

Question 15

Among the Inuit ,Pibloktoq (Artic hysteria)is widely cited as

A)an example of medicalization.
B)possessing tunnel vision of knowledge.
C)sleep deprivation.
D)an eating disorder.
E)a culture-specific syndrome.

Question 16

The high rate of Caesarean birth in Brazil in an example of how culture can influence medical practices in that

A)doctors will encourage Caesarean birth as they see vaginal birth as "primitive"
B)husbands will encourage Caesarean birth as they fear that their sons are "polluted" in vaginal childbirth
C)ideals about the female body portray vaginal childbirth as destructive of a woman's sexuality
D)vaginal childbirth is seen a sign of being of low class as only the women in shantytowns give birth in painful vaginal deliveries
E)ideals about the female body encourage natural childbirth,but their husbands and doctors push women to have Caesarean births against their wishes

Question 17

Culturally specific causal explanations for health problems and suffering is called

A)ethno-symptomatics
B)ethno-diagnostics
C)ethno-epidemiology
D)ethno-etiologies
E)ethno-biomedicine

Question 18

In Thailand,a widow ghost is a feared spirit,and to protect themselves from this source of illness

A)protective wrist strings are worn by men
B)men are careful not to insult elderly women for fear of insulting widow ghosts
C)phallus symbols are painted on the walls where men sleep
D)vaginal symbols are painted on doors to keep widow ghosts from entering
E)wooden phalluses are hung from houses to protect the men inside

Question 19

Which of the following would not be considered a disease of development?

A)schistosomiasis
B)anorexia
C)river blindness
D)malaria
E)tuberculosis

Question 20

Which of the following would be an example of medicalization as defined by critical medical anthropologists?

A)treating various diseases in Canadian patients,while failing to recognize the underlying cause of much illness which is poverty
B)the increasing emphasis on on biomedical health care and the the decline of traditional medicine
C)the increasing reliance on technology to treat disease
D)the use of preventative medicine to address underlying social causes of disease and illness
E)the oppressive use of legislation to outlaw midwifery and ethnomedicine

Question 21

Disease refers to culturally specific perceptions and experiences of health problems.

Question 22

Anfechtung is identified as a culture-specific syndrome characterized by a withdrawal from social contact,a feeling of having sinned,and concerns with religious unworthiness.This condition is attributed to

A)geophagy.
B)placebo effect.
C)the Cree,Ojibwa,and other subarctic First Nations groups in northeastern Canada.
D)divination among the Mennonites of Ontario.
E)the Hutterites in Manitoba.

Question 23

Malaria was a major disease that decimated indigenous populations in colonial Latin America.

Question 24

Many First Nations groups in Canada make use of ________ to restore balance in their lives.

A)healing circles
B)humoral systems
C)ethnomedicine
D)Susto
E)awas

Question 25

Often the First Nations groups in Canada,use the ________ as a symbol for the balance of spirit,heart,mind,and body is used in community healing.

A)communal dance
B)wooden carving
C)medicine wheel
D)ancestral spirit
E)totem pole

Question 26

The Cree word miyupimaatisiiu translates as "being alive well" and encompasses practices of Cree daily living such as

A)tying ritually protective strings around a baby's wrists.
B)praying at a temple or church for good health.
C)feeding pregnant women whatever they want.
D)hanging wooden phalluses on one's house to trick the widow ghosts.
E)hunting,eating the right foods,keeping warm,and balancing human relationships.

Question 27

Many Canadian medical anthropologists favour a ________ medical anthropology approach reflecting their experience with national debates about healthcare and the social safety net.

A)ecological
B)interpretive
C)clinical
D)critical
E)applied

Question 28

An Error in Judgement documents the

A)the documents the death from an undiagnosed ruptured appendix of an Nimpkish girl.in a First Nations community in Alert Bay,British Columbia.
B)a philosophy that seeks balance among various bodily fluids and forces.
C)the frequent holding of community dances to restore public harmony.
D)combination of Western biomedicine and the use of local herbs and minerals.
E)the use of prayer as the crucial path to healing.

Question 29

Western biomedicine often fails to recognize the interaction between physical processes and social,cultural and psychological contexts.

Question 30

Susto is an example of culture-specific syndrome.

Question 31

Humoral healing systems are based on a philosophy of balance among certain elements within the body and within the person's environment.

Question 32

The book Cross-Cultural Caring:A Handbook for Health Professionals in Western Canada,addresses an important issue of ________ in multicultural health settings in Canada.

A)five approaches within medical anthropology
B)a situation when a doctor suggests several forms of treatment to a patient
C)practice of a patient consulting several physicians before deciding what to do
D)growing patients' distress
E)cross-cultural communication

Question 33

Canadian medical anthropologist Stacey Pigg found that groups working on AIDS prevention and treatment in Nepal

A)cannot stem the spread of HIV
B)blame globalization for increasing HIV infections in Nepal.
C)are slow to develop HIV/AIDS effective intervention strategies.
D)provide less supportive care in their communities.
E)do not challenge power relations that perpetuate patterns of ill health.

Question 34

Many Canadian medical anthropologists favour a clinical medical anthropology approach,reflecting,perhaps their experience with debates around universal health care and the social safety net.

Question 35

In many cultures where there does not exist a mind-body distinction,there is not category of "mental illness."

Question 36

KFD is an example of a new disease of development that appeared in India in the 1950s as a consequence of deforestation and the introduction of large-scale cattle ranching.

Question 37

The ethno-etiologies of the urban poor of Feira de Santana in Brazil blame spirits as the cause of all illness.

Question 38

Both the piercing of ears and the harvesting of organs from brain-dead patients is unacceptable practice because of the Japanese concept of sukhwan.

Question 39

Windigo Psychosis is an example of culture-specific syndrome attributed to

A)applied medical pluralism.
B)the interpretive approach.
C)ethnobotany.
D)medicalization.
E)Cree,Ojibwa and other subarctic First Nations groups in northeastern Canada.

Question 40

The coca plant was first utilized in the 19th century in Latin America to supply cocaine to Western markets.

Question 41

Since midwifery was legalized in Ontario in 1994,even midwives are using more medical technology to fulfill their professional obligations and to respond to the choices of their clients.

Question 42

Provide three examples of humoral healing systems.

Question 43

________ is a term used to describe human health problems caused by such economic and political situations as war,famine,terrorism,forced migration and poverty.

Question 44

How is private healing different form community healing?

Question 45

The ________ is a healing effect obtained through the positive power of believing that a particular method is efficacious.

Question 46

What are common features of healers and shamans based on cross-cultural evidence?

Question 47

________ refers to the presence of multiple health systems within a society.

Question 48

Adelson conducted research among the Whapmagoostui Cree living along the Great Whale River.

Question 49

Many First Nations groups in Canada make use of healing circles to restore balance in their lives.

Question 50

The highly controversial Montreux Clinic in Victoria,BC,proposed a causal model of psychological negativity that "forbade" sufferers to eat.

Question 51

What diseases of colonialism decimated the Americas following the arrival of European colonizers?

Question 52

What is the first step in ethnomedical research?

Question 53

Research on HIV infection among intravenous cocaine users in Montreal and Vancouver demonstrated that needle exchange programs alone can stem the spread of HIV.

Question 54

Cross-cultural communication is not a problem in Canadian health settings.

Question 55

________ is a biological health problem that is objective and universal,while ________ is a culturally specific perception and experiences of a health problem.

Question 56

Margaret Lock and Gilles Bibeau linked Canadian debates about language,national identity,and multiculturalism to the eclecticism and pluralism of method characteristics of medical anthropology in Canada.

Question 57

In Canada,the two greatest epidemics affecting Aboriginal health were malaria in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,and HIV/AIDS which continues to be a major problem today.

Question 58

Canadian medical anthropologists Pamela Downe analyzed how street drug dealers in Costa Rica medicalize the violence and discrimination in their lives,but resist and cope through their own brand of humour and jokes.

Question 59

What are three levels of causation for morbidity and mortality? Provide examples.

Question 60

Canadian medical anthropologist Pamela Downe's work among the Costa Rican street prostitutes is an example of ecological medical anthropology.

Question 61

Describe the studies of Canadian medical schools from an author's perspective.

Question 62

While ________ beliefs may structure how anxieties and psychoses are talked about,as reflected in the analysis of Cree ________ myths,actual cases of such behaviour are absent or very few in number.

Question 63

Define ethnobotany.

Question 64

In 1974 the ________ published a report that perpetuated the idea that Natives were responsible for the quality of health care they received.

Question 65

Compare and contrast critical medical anthropology with clinical medical anthropology.

Question 66

In ________ in 2008,around 58,000 people were living with HIV.

Question 67

Describe two similarities between shamanic healers and Western biomedical healers.

Question 68

________ ethnography of the policies of health care in a ________ on Alert Bay,British Columbia,is a powerful indictment of Native-White relations and the consequences of the destruction of an indigenous health care system.

Question 69

What is the main difference between shamanic healers and Western biomedical healers?

Question 70

A healing system that concentrates on maintaining balance in the body among various substances and factors judged to be "heating" or "cooling" is called a ________ system.

Question 71

Discuss the British Columbia Medical Association's report published in 1974 on Native Health in Alert Bay,British Columbia and its implications.

Question 72

The ________ from northern Quebec translate ________ as being alive well.

Question 73

________ documents the death from an undiagnosed ruptured appendix of Renee Smith,an 11-year old Nimpkish girl.

Question 74

Margaret Lock and Gilles Bibeau link Canadian debates about language,national identity,and multiculturalism to the ________ and ________ of method characteristic of medical anthropology in Canada.

Question 75

________ is widely cited as a culture-specific syndrome among the Inuit,characterized by brooding,depressive silences followed by convulsive hysterical seizures,collapse and amnesia.

Question 76

What are the two great epidemics affecting Aboriginal health in Canada as identified by Waldrum,Herring,and White?

Question 77

Discuss a case in which the healing system and the afflicted people had different "explanatory models."

Question 78

Dara Culhane Speck's ethnography of the politics of health care in a First Nations community on Alert Bay,British Columbia,is a powerful indictment of ________ relations and the consequences of the destruction of an ________ health care system.

Question 79

Discuss the "diseases of colonialism" that have affected Aboriginal health in Canada.

Question 80

Discuss briefly the interventions proposed by Canadian hospitals and advocacy groups towards the control of Anorexia nervosa.