Deck 1: Anthropology and the Study of Culture

Question 1

How would the cultural materialists analyze the practice of elimination in villages in India?

A)They would study the ecological advantages that village practices provide and how social norms enforce advantageous practices
B)They would analyze the symbolic significance of clean and unclean
C)They would study class conflict and how practices of elimination enforce social hegemony
D)They would seek out the underlying social structures
E)They would seek to deconstruct power-knowledge relations

Answer 1

They would study the ecological advantages that village practices provide and how social norms enforce advantageous practices

Question 2

Hybridization is also called

A)cultural crossover
B)McDonaldization
C)localization
D)global assimilation
E)Marxism

Answer 2

cultural crossover

Question 3

Franz boas promoted the detailed study of individual cultures within their own historical contexts.This approach is called

A)historical functionalism
B)cultural relativism
C)functionalism
D)historical particularism
E)structural functionalism

Answer 3

historical particularism

Question 4

Which of the following pairings is not correct?

A)Franz Boas,personality and culture
B)Sir Edward Tylor,armchair anthropology
C)Bronislaw Malinowski,participant observation
D)Marvin Harris,cultural materialism
E)Claude Lévi-Strauss,structuralism

Question 5

Skeletons of nineteenth-century voyageurs from a fur trade post in Alberta show evidence of

A)malnutrition.
B)infectious diseases.
C)arthritis of the spine,shoulder and elbow,and robust muscle attachments.
D)stress marks.
E)work patterns.

Question 6

Coprolites are

A)pot shards
B)bone tools
C)flakes
D)fossilized fecal matter
E)fossilized footprints

Question 7

Ethnocentrism

A)is judging one's own culture by the standard's of one's own class and is the opposite of cultural relativism
B)is judging other cultures by the standards of one's own culture and is the opposite of critical relativism
C)is judging ethnic groups with universal global standards
D)is judging other cultures by the standards of one's own culture and is the opposite of cultural relativism
E)is the belief that all culture are equal

Question 8

At least two Canadian universities have split their department into anthropology and

A)linguistics.
B)archaeology.
C)sociology.
D)culture studies.
E)history.

Question 9

Horatio Hale worked with the elders in the Six Nations Reserve near Brantford,Ontario and concluded that ________ was the senior language of the original Five Nations.

A)Tutelo
B)Mohawk
C)Huron
D)Siouan
E)proto-Iroquoian

Question 10

Descriptive linguistics is

A)the study of the structure of languages
B)the study of non-verbal language
C)the study of language change over time
D)the study of the relation between langue and parole
E)the study of language phonetics

Question 11

Linguistics is often omitted in Canadian anthropology departments,reflecting the British university pattern of considering linguistics

A)outside the scope of anthropology.
B)as a "disappearing" language of ancient cultures.
C)integral to cultural anthropology since language is the primary means for transmitting culture.
D)as the origin and development of related languages and how they change through time.
E)as a subfield of physical anthropology.

Question 12

In addition to the four traditional fields of anthropology,which of the following has been proposed as a fifth field of anthropology?

A)applied
B)forensic
C)social
D)evolutionary
E)paleolithic

Question 13

The "Garbage Project" conducted by archaeologists excavating a landfill can be applied by policy makers as the research

A)proved that rapid decomposition of waste produced large quantities of methane,a greenhouse gas
B)highlighted the sheer volume of polystyrene and plastics in landfills
C)demonstrated to the dismay of planners that paper by its sheer volume was a major culprit in the filling up of landfills
D)demonstrated that newsprint that decomposes in landfills could be used as compost
E)demonstrated that diapers and plastics were releasing toxins into underground aquifers

Question 14

Only about one-third of the departments of anthropology in Canada include the ________ within one department.

A)four subfields
B)three subfields
C)archaeology and linguistics subfields
D)physical and socio-cultural subfields
E)cultural and archaeology subfields

Question 15

Franz Boas' research on the height,weight and head size of 17,000 immigrants

A)demonstrated that some migrant groups were innately inferior
B)is an example of evolutionary anthropology
C)conclusively showed that body size and shape can change quickly
D)revealed minimal change between generations,even those born in the United States
E)conclusively demonstrated that African-Americans were racially superior

Question 16

While studying the First Nations languages,Hale concluded that Huron was nearer proto-Iroquoian than

A)Siouan.
B)Tutelo.
C)Iroquoian.
D)proto-Tutelo.
E)Mohawk.

Question 17

What was the purpose of Miner's description of the Nacirema culture?

A)He wanted to make the familiar strange
B)He was conducting "salvage" ethnography to record the culture of a people threatened with assimilation and cultural extinction
C)He wanted to make the strange familiar
D)He was writing an ethnographic account of a remote people located in the tropical jungle of Amazonia
E)He wanted to demonstrate how cultures evolved over time

Question 18

Many Canadian anthropologists put their research to practice in fields such as

A)history,linguistics and philosophy.
B)Native land claims,health care,and ethnic diversity.
C)impacts of globalization,disease patterns,and cultural relativism.
D)biological determinism,cultural constructionism,and cultural materialism.
E)evolution of verbal languages,human organization and settlement patterns.

Question 19

One of the defining features of Canadian anthropology is the integration of

A)fieldwork and participant observation.
B)ethnography and ecology.
C)biological anthropology and cultural anthropology.
D)basic and applied research.
E)applied research and healthcare services.

Question 20

The distinctly Canadian triad of ________ may have its roots in government supported museums rather than U.S.departments of anthropology.

A)physical anthropology,archaeology and linguistics
B)archaeology,ethnology,and folklore
C)archaeology,socio-cultural anthropology and biological anthropology
D)socio-cultural anthropology,ethnology and folklore
E)biological anthropology,paleopathology and forensic science

Question 21

Many applied anthropologists in small colleges and universities In Canada,are engaged in

A)descriptive and non descriptive research.
B)community based applied research.
C)global-local interactions.
D)ethnographic and ethnologic research.
E)tomasita project.

Question 22

Canadian anthropology was shaped by ________ with First Nations peoples and strong relations with museums.

A)cultural resource management
B)ethnohistorical and advocacy work
C)interpretive anthropological work
D)cultural and spiritual revival
E)critical cultural relativism

Question 23

From a year's study with the ________,Franz Boas learned that a physical substance such as water can be very differently perceived in different cultures.

A)missionaries
B)Canadian Cree
C)Inuit of Baffin Island
D)Six Nations Reserve
E)Yaqui

Question 24

The analysis of trace elements in bones provides detailed information about diet including whether individuals were primarily vegetarians.

Question 25

The ________ by T.F.Mcllwraith is an example of classic Canadian ethnography published in 1948.

A)Andaman Islanders
B)Indian Village
C)In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio
D)The Rebels: A Brotherhood of Outlaw Bikers
E)Bella Coola Indians

Question 26

Many archaeologists In Canada are employed in ________,undertaking professional assessments of possible archaeological remains before construction of buildings and road projects can proceed.

A)museums and heritage sites
B)conservation parks
C)cultural resource management
D)fisheries and land claims
E)natural resource management

Question 27

Canadian anthropologists tend to avoid ________ of human behaviour.

A)relations between biological and cultural explanations
B)the tension between agency and structure
C)extremely deterministic interpretations
D)emic and etic positionality
E)the politics

Question 28

Critical cultural relativism says that whatever goes on in a particular culture must not be questioned.

Question 29

Sir Daniel Wilson,a Scottish archaeologist at the University of Toronto introduced the term

A)ethnology.
B)prehistory.
C)paleoanthropology.
D)advocacy work.
E)ethnohistory.

Question 30

Structurism says that agency is central to human behaviour and ideas.

Question 31

Most "disappearing" languages still in existence have yet to be recorded and transferred into written form.

Question 32

Richard Salisbury

A)developed physicalanthropology at McGill University.
B)saw archaeology as the growth point of anthropology in Canada.
C)trained many Canadian anthropologists to put their research to practice in fields such as native land claims,health care,and ethnic diversity.
D)motivated anthropologists to engage only in advocacy research.
E)developed natural resource management.

Question 33

Richard Salisbury developed ________ at McGill University in Montreal,and saw it as the growth point of anthropology in Canada.

A)forensic anthropology
B)medical anthropology
C)developmental anthropology
D)applied anthropology
E)the "Garbage Project"

Question 34

The majority of Canadian universities offer unified anthropology programs covering all of the four fields.

Question 35

Globalization spreads evenly,and the effects are always negative.

Question 36

Canadian primatologist,Birute Galdikas is well known for research among

A)chimpanzees of Gombe Stream National Park in Uganda.
B)mountain gorillas from Rwanda.
C)orangutans of Borneo,Indonesia.
D)bonobos from Zaire.
E)geladas from East Africa.

Question 37

Power relations may be expressed through intonation.

Question 38

Archaeologists never excavate post-colonial sites as there is sufficient historical documentation to fully understand the impact of European colonization.

Question 39

Sir Daniel Wilson was the first lecturer on ethnology in Canada.

Question 40

Daniel Wolf's research on a biker gang in Alberta,entitled ________ provides an example of urban ethnographic work in Canada.

A)Argonaugts of the Western Pacific
B)The Rebels: A Brotherhood of Outlaw Bikers
C)Hindus of the Himalayas
D)The Bella Coola Indians
E)Coming of Age in Samoa

Question 41

Why does DNA evidence counter the assumption that races exist as distinct biological entities?

Question 42

What contribution did Linda Fedigan make to the field of primatology?

Question 43

The distinctly Canadian triad of archaeology,ethnology,and folklore may have its roots in American departments of anthropology.

Question 44

Linguistics is most likely to be omitted in many anthropology departments in Canada,reflecting the British university pattern of considering linguistic outside the scope of anthropology.

Question 45

What is the difference between an anthropology as science model versus a humanistic approach to anthropology?

Question 46

In Canada and in much of the world where anthropology reflects a more European heritage,the term anthropology has been replaced by Ethnohistory.

Question 47

The roots of Canadian anthropology are anchored in both the British/American tradition of social anthropology and French cultural anthropology.

Question 48

Canadian anthropology was shaped by ethnohistorical and advocacy work with First Nations peoples and strong relations with museums.

Question 49

Skeletons of nineteenth-century voyageurs from a fur trade post in Alberta show evidence of arthritis of the spine,shoulder,and elbow,and robust muscle attachments compatible with paddling heavy freight canoes.

Question 50

The Tomasita Project traced the journey of a tomato from the Mexican field to a Canadian fast food restaurant.

Question 51

From a year's work with the Inuit of Baffin Island,Franz Boas learned that a physical substance such as water can be very differently perceived in different cultures.

Question 52

Early Canadian ethnographies were not considered classics.

Question 53

Canadian anthropologists in general tend to avoid extremely deterministic interpretations of human behaviour.

Question 54

One of the defining features of Canadian anthropology is the integration of social sciences and humanities.

Question 55

Many archaeologists in Canada are employed in Cultural Resource Management because there are no university jobs available for them.

Question 56

Active engagement with First Nations peoples and rural communities characterized the work of francophone anthropologists in the 1960s.

Question 57

In Canada,wine is commonly consumed during meals,but in India one takes wine only after the meal is finished.

Question 58

According to Hale's analysis of First Nations languages,Mohawk was related to Siouan language stock,Tutelo was the senior language of the original Five Nations,and that Huron was nearer proto-Iroquoian than Siouan.

Question 59

What are the subfields of linguistic anthropology and what do they study?

Question 60

The Bella Coola Indians by T.F.McIIwraith is an early Canadian ethnography that was not published until 1948.

Question 61

What is class?

Question 62

Skeletons of nineteenth century voyageurs from a fur trade post in ________,Canada show evidence of arthritis of the spine,shoulder,and elbow,and robust muscle attachments compatible with paddling heavy freight canoes.

Question 63

Many Canadian anthropologists in small colleges and universities are engaged in community-based ________.

Question 64

In the 1870s,Horatio Hale worked with the elders in the ________ Reserve near Brantford,Ontario and studied disappearing ________ languages.

Question 65

Describe the different facets of applied anthropology as it is practiced in Canada.

Question 66

Describe the development of anthropology in Canada.

Question 67

Provide examples of ethnographic work carried out by Canadian anthropologists.

Question 68

What are the main characteristics of culture?

Question 69

Active engagements with First Nations peoples and rural communities in Canada is an example of ________ applied research.

Question 70

Daniel Wolf's research on a biker gang in Alberta,The Rebels: A Brotherhood of Outlaw Bikers provides another example of ________ work close to Canada.

Question 71

The distinctly ________ triad of archaeology,ethnology,and folklore may have its roots in government-supported ________ rather than U.S.departments of anthropology.

Question 72

How does critical cultural relativism differ from absolute cultural relativism?

Question 73

________ marks on bones provide information on work patterns of past populations.

Question 74

________ were described as a North American group living in the territory between the ________,the Yaqui and the Tarahumare of Mexico,and the Carib and the Arawak of Antilles.

Question 75

How are indigenous groups defined by the United Nations?

Question 76

What important contributions did Margaret Mead make to the discipline of anthropology?

Question 77

What did 19th century cultural evolutionists propose regarding culture change?

Question 78

One of the defining features of Canadian anthropology is the integration of ________ and ________ research.

Question 79

Give examples of how stress marks on bones provide information on work patterns of ancient populations.

Question 80

How did Franz Boas' views differ from those of the cultural evolutionists of his time?